Organic Compounds / Macromolecules

Fatty Acids

Molecules in which carbon atoms are bonded to hydrogen atoms or other groups of atoms.

Complementary Base Pair

Pair of nucleotide bases that bond together

Carbohydrate

An organic compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen that supply the energy living systems needed to survive. These are the most common type of organic compounds. They are built of small, repeating units (monosaccharides) that bind to make larger molecules (polysaccharides). The functions of a carbohydrate is to provide energy to cells, store energy, and form a structure. Starch can be identified by using the Iodine test while sugar is found using Benedict's test.

Protein

An organic compound making up muscles, enzymes, and other organs in the body. Proteins are made up of amino acids which are connected with peptide bonds. Amino acids can be arranged in any order and number to form a near-infinite number of polypeptides. There are four different structures that proteins can form in the body. In our bodies proteins allow cells to keep their shape, make muscles, speed up chemical reactions, and carry out messages and materials. Proteins are identified through the Biurets test.

Lipids

An organic compound making up muscles, enzymes, and other organs, in the body. They are made up of fatty acids ( saturated or unsaturated fat) if the fat is saturated then its strait but if it is unsaturated its curvy. Lipids include triglycerides, phospholipids, and steroids. The function of lipids is to store energy, make the cell membrane and carry messages. Lipids are identified by using the Brown Paper towel test.

Nucleic Acid

An organic compound used to store genetic information. Nucleic acids include DNA ( double stranded) and RNA (single stranded) which are both made up of nucleotides. Nucleotides are made up of : sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base. Chemical bonds between the sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of the next nucleotide hold together the backbone of all nuclei acid molecules. There are five types of Nucleic acids Molecules: cytosine, adenine, guanine, thymine or uracil. Thymine is in DNA but not RNA and Uracil is in RNA but not DNA. The base pairs line up formatting a complementary base pairs. Adenine bonds only with thymine (uracil in RNA), and cytosine only with guanine. Hydrogen bonding between the pairs holds together two strands of nuclei acid, forming the double helix in DNA molecules. Nucleic acids contain genetic information for proteins, and passes genetic information, it also helps make proteins. Nucleic acids are identified through the Gel electrophoresis test.

Nucleotide

Small molecule containing a sugar, phosphate group, and a base that is a building block of nucleic acids

Amino Acid

Small molecule that is a building block of proteins

Phospholipids

The major components of cell membranes

Organic Compound

a chemical substances created within an organism

Macromolecules

molecules in living cells that are very large. Macromolecules are formed through the process known as polymerization in which large compounds are built by joining smaller ones together. The smaller units monomers, join together to form polymers. The monomers in a polymer may be identical but can also be different.

Steroids

serve as chemical messengers and have other roles.

Triglycerides

the main form of stored energy in animals