AP Art History all

Black-on-black ceramic vessel Maria Martinez and Julian Martinez, Tewa, Puebloan, San Ildefonso Pueblo, New Mexico. c. mid-20th century C.E. Blackware ceramic. -Highly polished surfaces -Contrasting shiny black and matte black finsishes -Exceptional symmetry -Pueblos were in decline at this time, modern life replacing traditional life -Revival of pueblo techniques -Marie made the shapes -Julian revived use of mythic figures -Influence of Art Deco -All the raw materials had to be gathered and processes carefully or the final vessel would not fire properly. The clay was found locally. To make the pottery stronger, it had to be mixed with a temper made from sherds of broken pots that had been pounded into a powder or volcanic ash. -Over the polished slip, the pot was covered with designs painted with an iron-rich solution using either pulverized iron ore or a reduction of wild plants called guaco. It would then be fired -Making ceramics in the Pueblo was considered a communal activity since many of the steps were shared amongst many people. Maria Martinez would create the symmetrical vessels by hand and leave the decorating to others. -Maria and Julian Martinez pioneered a style of applying a matte-black design over polished-black. This design was based on pottery sherds found on an Ancestral Pueblo dig site dating to the twelfth to seventeenth centuries.

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Tamati Waka Nene Gottfried Lindauer. 1890 C.E. Oil on canvas

- Lindauer's main patron was Henry Partridge who commissioned dozens of Maori portraits in the belief the people were dying out and that they and their culture needed to be documented. - This was painted posthumously based off of a photo of the subject. - He is wearing is in traditional dress with a Kiwi feather cloak, earrings of greenstone, a battle club and his facial tattoos, which show his identity and rank. These show that he is of great importance and mana. - If this was commissioned by the family, it would have been displayed above the body at a funeral ceremony and then hung in a home or in a community center to both remember the dead and maintain a connection with a powerful ancestor.