AP Bio Chapter 24 Quiz Questions (Campbell Biology)

Rocky mountain juniper (Juniperus scopulorum) and one-seeded juniper (J. monosperma) have overlapping ranges. If pollen grains - which contain sperm cells - from one species are unable to germinate and make pollen tubes on female ovules - which contain egg cells - of the other species, then which of these terms is applicable? 1. sympatric isolation 2. prezygotic isolation 3. postzygotic isolation 4. allopatric species 5. habitat isolation 6. reduced hybrid fertility A) 1 and 2 B) 2 and 4 C) 1, 3, and 6 D) 2, 4, and 5 E) 1, 2, 5, and 6

A) 1 and 2

On the Bahamian island of Andros, mosquitofish populations live in various, now-isolated, freshwater ponds that were once united. Currently, some predator-rich ponds have mosquitofish that can swim in short, fast bursts; other predator-poor ponds have mosquitofish that can swim continuously for a long time. When placed together in the same body of water, the two kinds of female mosquitofish exhibit exclusive breeding preferences. What is the best way to promote fusion between two related populations of mosquitofish, one of which lives in a predator-rich pond, and the other of which lives in a predator-poor pond? A) Build a canal linking the two ponds that permits free movement of mosquitofish, but not of predators. B) Transfer only female mosquitofish from a predator-rich pond to a predator-poor pond. C) Perform a reciprocal transfer of females between predator-rich and predator-poor ponds. D) Remove predators from a predator-rich pond and transfer them to a predator-poor pond.

A) Build a canal linking the two ponds that permits free movement of mosquitofish, but not of predators.

The difference between geographic isolation and habitat differentiation is the: A) relative locations of two populations as speciation occurs. B) speed (tempo) at which populations undergo speciation. C) amount of genetic variation that occurs among two gene pools as speciation occurs. D) identity of the phylogenetic kingdom or domain in which these phenomena occur. E) the ploidy of the two populations as speciation occurs.

A) relative locations of two populations as speciation occurs.

The most likely explanation for the high rate of sympatric speciation that apparently existed among the cichlids of Lake Victoria in the past is A) sexual selection. B) habitat differentiation. C) polyploidy. D) pollution. E) introduction of a new predator.

A) sexual selection.

Two species of frogs belonging to the same genus occasionally mate, but the offspring fail to develop and hatch. What is the mechanism for keeping the two frog species separate? A) the postzygotic barrier called hybrid inviability B) the postzygotic barrier called hybrid breakdown C) the prezygotic barrier called hybrid sterility D) gametic isolation

A) the postzygotic barrier called hybrid inviability

What is true of macroevolution? A) It is the same as microevolution, but includes the origin of new species. B) It is evolution above the species level. C) It is defined as the evolution of microscopic organisms into organisms that can be seen with the naked eye. D) It is defined as a change in allele or gene frequency over the course of many generations. E) It is the conceptual link between irritability and adaptation.

B) It is evolution above the species level.

Rocky mountain juniper (Juniperus scopulorum) and one-seeded juniper (J. monosperma) have overlapping ranges. If pollen grains - which contain sperm cells - from one species are unable to germinate and make pollen tubes on female ovules - which contain egg cells - of the other species, then which of these terms is applicable? A) behavioral isolation B) mechanical isolation C) hybrid breakdown D) reduced hybrid viability

B) mechanical isolation

The largest unit within which gene flow can readily occur is a: A) population B) species C) genus D) hybrid E) phylum

B) species

Beetle pollinators of a particular plant are attracted to its flowers' bright orange color. The beetles not only pollinate the flowers, but they mate while inside of the flowers. A mutant version of the plant with red flowers becomes more common with the passage of time. A particular variant of the beetle prefers the red flowers to the orange flowers. Over time, these two beetle variants diverge from each other to such an extent that interbreeding is no longer possible. What kind of speciation has occurred in this example, and what has driven it? A) allopatric speciation; ecological isolation B) sympatric speciation; habitat differentiation C) allopatric speciation; behavioral isolation D) sympatric speciation; sexual selection E) sympatric speciation; allopolyploidy

B) sympatric speciation; habitat differentiation

According to the concept of punctuated equilibrium, A) natural selection is unimportant as a mechanism of evolution. B) given enough time, most existing species will branch gradually into new species. C) a new species accumulates most of its unique feature as it comes into existence. D) evolution of new species features long periods during which changes are occurring, interspersed with short periods of equilibrium of stasis. E) transitional fossils, intermediate between newer species and their parent species, should be abundant.

C) a new species accumulates most of its unique feature as it comes into existence.

Males of different species of the fruit fly Drosophila that live in the same parts of the Hawaiian Islands have different elaborate courtship rituals. These rituals involve fighting other males and making stylized movements that attract females. What type of reproductive isolation does this represent? A) habitat isolation B) temporal isolation C) behavioral isolation D) gametic isolation E) postzygotic barriers

C) behavioral isolation

Which of the various species concepts distinguishes two species based on the degree of genetic exchange between their gene pools? A) phylogenetic B) ecological C) biological D) mophological

C) biological

What does the biological species concept use as the primary criterion for determining species boundaries? A) geographic location B) niche differences C) gene flow D) morphological similarity E) molecular - DNA, RNA, protein - similarity

C) gene flow

Theoretically, the production of sterile mules by interbreeding between female horses and male donkeys should A) result in the extinction of one of the two parental species. B) cause convergent evolution. C) strengthen postzygotic barriers between horses and donkeys. D) weaken the intrinsic reproductive barriers between horses and donkeys. E) eventually result in the formation of a single species from the two parental species.

C) strengthen postzygotic barriers between horses and donkeys.

Among known plant species, which of these have been the two most commonly occurring phenomena that have led to the origin of new species? 1. allopatric speciation 2. sympatric speciation 3. sexual selection 4. polyploidy A) 1 and 3 B) 1 and 4 C) 2 and 3 D) 2 and 4

D) 2 and 4

There is still some controversy among biologists about whether Neanderthals should be placed within the same species as modern humans, or into a separate species of their own. Most DNA sequence data analyzed so far indicate that there was probably little or no gene flow between Neanderthals and Homo sapiens. Which species concept is most applicable in this example? A) phylogenetic B) ecological C) morphological D) biological

D) biological

Dog breeders maintain the purity of breeds by keeping dogs of different breeds apart when they are fertile. This kind of isolation is most similar to which of the following reproductive isolating mechanisms? A) reduced hybrid fertility B) hybrid breakdown C) mechanical isolation D) habitat isolation E) gametic isolation

D) habitat isolation

You are confronted with a box of preserved grasshoppers of various species that are new to science and have not been described. Your assignment is to separate them into species. There is no accompanying information as to where or when they were collected. Which species concept will you have to use? A) biological B) phylogenetic C) ecological D) morphological

D) morphological

According to the concept of punctuated equilibrium, the "sudden" appearance of a new species in the fossil record means that A) the species is now extinct B) speciation occurred instantaneously C) speciation occurred in one generation D) speciation occurred rapidly in geologic time E) the species will consequently have a relatively short existence, compared with other species

D) speciation occurred rapidly in geologic time

Which of the following factors would not contribute to allopatric speciation? A) A population becomes geographically isolated from the parent population. B) The separated population is small, and genetic drift occurs. C) The isolated population is exposed to different selection pressures than the ancestral population. D) Different mutations begin to distinguish the gene pools of the separated populations. E) Gene flow between the two populations is extensive.

E) Gene flow between the two populations is extensive.

Dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) and gray wolves (Canis lupus) can interbreed to produce viable, fertile offspring. These species shared a common ancestor recently (in geologic time) and have a high degree of genetic similarity, although their anatomies vary widely. Judging from this evidence, which two species concepts are most likely to place dogs and wolves together into a single species? A) ecological and morphological B) ecological and phyogenetic C) morphological and phylogenetic D) biological and morphological E) biological and phylogenetic

E) biological and phylogenetic

Speciation: A) occurs at such a slow pace that no one has ever observed the emergence of new species. B) occurs only by the accumulation of genetic change over vast expanses of time. C) must begin with the geographic isolation of a small, frontier population. D) and microevolution are synonymous. E) can involve changes involving a single gene.

E) can involve changes involving a single gene.