AP Bio: Chapter 3 quiz
Which of the following statements about chloroplasts and mitochondria is true?
Chloroplasts and mitochondria synthesize some of their own proteins.
Which of the following groups is primarily involved in synthesizing molecules needed by the cell?
Ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and smooth endoplasmic reticulum
What is the functional connection between the nucleolus, nuclear pores, and the nuclear membrane?
Subunits of ribosomes are assembled in the nucleolus and pass through the nuclear membrane via the nuclear pores.
The observation that chloroplasts and mitochondria each contain their own DNA and synthesize some of the proteins that function in these organelles suggests that chloroplasts and mitochondria __________.
must divide each time the cell containing them divides
You would expect a cell with an extensive Golgi apparatus to __________.
secrete a lot of protein
In terms of cellular function, what is the most important difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Eukaryotic cells are compartmentalized, which allows for specialization.
Which structure is not part of the endomembrane system?
Chloroplast
What four kingdoms make up the domain of Eukarya?
Animalia, Fungi, Plants, Protista
Prokaryotic cells make up_______.
Archae and bacteria
What are the three domains of life?
Archaea, Eukarya, Eubacteria
Which of the following correctly compares the extracellular matrix (ECM) of animal cells to cell walls of plant cells?
Both the ECM and the plant cell wall are composed of varying mixtures of proteins and carbohydrates.
Basal bodies are most closely associated with which of the following cell components?
Cilia
Which statement about the cytoskeleton is true?
Components of the cytoskeleton often mediate the movement of organelles within the cytoplasm.
Which of the following is/are possible site(s) of protein synthesis in a typical eukaryotic cell?
Cytoplasm, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria
Where would you expect to find proteins involved with movement of structures within a cell?
Cytoskeleton
_______ codes for ________, and __________ codes for ___________.
DNA, RNA and RNA, protein
What is the most likely pathway taken by a newly synthesized protein that will be secreted by a cell?
ER Golgi vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane
Consider a protein that is made in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. You observe that when the synthesis of the protein is completed, the protein is located in the ER membrane. Where else in the cell might this protein be found?
Embedded in the plasma membrane functioning in the transport of molecules into the cell
What are emergent properties?
Emergent properties result from the arrangement and interaction of parts within a system
True or False: Mitochondria contain ribosomes in the intermembrane space.
False
Which of the following is/are most likely to be involved in the process of producing proteins for a chloroplast or mitochondrion?
Free cytoplasmic ribosomes
Which of the following organelles is unlikely to show enhanced abundance in pancreatic cells that secrete large amounts of digestive enzymes?
Free cytoplasmic ribosomes
Which of the following categories best describes the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
Manufacturing
Which of the following structures is found in eukaryotic but not prokaryotic cells?
Mitochondria
Cilia and flagella move due to the interaction of the cytoskeleton with which of the following?
Motor proteins
Your intestine is lined with individual cells. No fluids leak between these cells from the gut into your body. Why?
The intestinal cells are bound together by tight junctions.
A dish of animal cells was grown in the presence of radioactive phosphorous. The phosphorous largely ended up in nucleotides inside the actively growing animal cells. In which cellular structure(s) would you predict the majority of the radioactive phosphorous to accumulate?
The nucleus
What is reductionism?
The reduction of complex systems to simpler components that are more manageable to study.
In addition to the fundamental structures required to be defined as a cell, a particular cell also has a nucleus and chloroplasts. Based on this information, this cell could be __________.
a protistal cell and a plant cell
Consider two cells with the same volume but with very different surface areas due to differences in their shapes. The cell with the larger surface area is likely to __________.
be involved in the rapid uptake of compounds from the cell's environment
What shape is the DNA of a eukaryotic cell?
linear
What shape is the DNA of a prokaryotic cell?
circular
Energy ________ through an environment and matter ________ through an environment.
flows, cycles
Bacterial cells are prokaryotic. Unlike a typical eukaryotic cell they __________.
have no membrane-bounded organelles in their cytoplasm
Chloroplasts and mitochondria are thought to be of prokaryotic origin. One piece of evidence that supports this hypothesis is that these organelles contain prokaryotic-like ribosomes. These ribosomes are probably most similar to ribosomes found __________.
in bacterial cells and free in the cytoplasm of eukaryotes
A protein that ultimately functions in the plasma membrane of a cell is most likely to have been synthesized __________.
in the rough endoplasmic reticulum
The walls of plant cells are largely composed of polysaccharides and proteins that are synthesized __________.
in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and in the Golgi apparatus
Dye injected into a plant cell might be able to enter an adjacent cell through __________.
plasmodesmata
A substance moving from outside the cell into the cytoplasm must pass through __________.
the plasma membrane
Which of the following structures is found in animal cells but not plant cells?
Centrioles
A researcher made an interesting observation about a protein made by the rough endoplasmic reticulum and eventually found in a cell's plasma membrane. The protein in the plasma membrane was actually slightly different from the protein made in the ER. The protein was probably altered in the __________.
Golgi
Which of the following sequences represents the order in which a protein made in the rough endoplasmic reticulum might move through the endomembrane system?
Golgi apparatus → lysosome
Which type of cell is most likely to have the most mitochondria?
Muscle cells in a marathon runner
Which of the following is present in a prokaryotic cell?
Ribosomes
Which of the following organelles might be found inside other organelles?
Ribosomes
Which of the following features do prokaryotes and eukaryotes have in common?
Ribosomes, plasma membrane, and cytoplasm
Eukaryotic cells make up _______.
membrane bound organelles
Cyanide binds to at least one molecule involved in producing ATP. If a cell is exposed to cyanide, most of the cyanide will be found within the __________.
mitochondria
What organelle lacks a membrane as a part of its structure?
ribosome
