AP BIO EXAM STUDY GUIDE
58. A growth factor is an example of which kind of signaling?
Correct Answer: paracrine signaling
71. A growth factor is an example of which kind of signaling?
Correct Answer: paracrine signaling
74. Single membrane structures in the cell that perform many metabolic functions and produce hydrogen peroxide
Correct Answer: peroxisomes
34. The general name for an enzyme that transfers phosphate groups from ATP to a protein is called a
Correct Answer: protein kinase
27. Site of glucose synthesis
Correct Answer: chloroplast
42. 1. In IIamas, coat color is controlled by a gene that exists in two allelic forms. In a homozygous yellow llama is crossed with a homozygous brown llama, the offspring have gray coats. If two of the gray coated offspring were crossed, what percentage of their offspring would have brown coats?
Correct Answer: 25
67. If a segment of DNA is 5' AGC- ATA -3' the corresponding RNA segment that results from transcription would be
Correct Answer: 3' UCG - UAU - 5'
2. Process found in both photosynthesis and cellular respiration
Correct Answer: chemiosmosis
14. A man with genotype XxZz mates with a woman with genotype XxZz. Assuming independent assortment and random recombination, what is the chance that the child will phenotypically express the dominant allele for both genes?
Correct Answer: 9/16
21. Hypertrichosis, hairiness of the pinna of the ear, is inherited as a Y-linked recessive in humans. If a man with hypertrichosis marries a normal woman, what type of children will they have?
Correct Answer: All the sons have hypertrichosis, but none of their daughters
32. Which letter represents the activation energy of the enzyme-catalyzed reaction?
Correct Answer: B
15. If the DNA base triplet is CTA, what is the anticodon? (remember DNA, mRNA codon, tRNA anticodon)
Correct Answer: CUA
4. Cells from advanced malignant tumors frequently have very abnormal chromosomes as well as an abnormal number of chromosomes. What might explain the association between malignant tumors and chromosomal abnormalities?
Correct Answer: Cell cycle checkpoints are not in place to stop cells with chromosome abnormalities
84. What would occur if the repressor of an inducible operon were mutated so it could not bind the operator?
Correct Answer: Continuous transcription of the operon's genes
70. Which letter represents the net energy change of the reaction?
Correct Answer: D
40. _________ are involved in many human diseases, including bacterial infections that cause cholera, whooping cough, and botulism.
Correct Answer: G protein coupled receptors
55. _________ are involved in many human diseases, including bacterial infections that cause cholera, whooping cough, and botulism.
Correct Answer: G protein coupled receptors
22. After which of the following checkpoints in the cell cycle is the cell most likely fated to divide?
Correct Answer: G1
62. Measurements of the amount of DNA per nucleus were taken on a large number of cells from a growing fungus. The measured DNA levels ranged from 3 to 6 picograms per nucleus. In which stage of the cell cycle would the nucleus contain 6 picograms of DNA?
Correct Answer: G2
66. Which of the following are primarily responsible for cytokinesis in plant cells but not in animal cells?
Correct Answer: Golgi derived vesicles
1. In a mesophyll of a leaf, the synthesis of ATP occurs in which of the following? I. ribosomes II. Mitochondria III. Chloroplasts
Correct Answer: II and III
85. Which of the following statements about the DNA in one of your brain cells is true
Correct Answer: It is the same as the DNA in one of your heart cells
73. For a chemotherapeutic drug to be useful for treating cancer cells, which of the following is most desirable?
Correct Answer: It targets only rapidly dividing cells
89. X-linked conditions are more common in men than in women because
Correct Answer: Men need to inherit only one copy of the recessive allele for the condition to be fully expressed
8. Proto-oncogenes can change into oncogenes that cause cancer. Which of the following best explains the presence of these potential time bombs in eukaryotic cells?
Correct Answer: Proto-oncogenes normally help regulate cell division
17. Which of the following explains a significantly low rate of crossing over between two genes?
Correct Answer: The genes are located very close together on the same chromosome
33. Cell differentiation always involves
Correct Answer: The production of tissue-specific proteins, such as muscle actin
12. Which of the following is true concerning cancer cells?
Correct Answer: They evade the normal controls that trigger programmed cell death
92. The functioning of enhancers is an example of
Correct Answer: Transcriptional control of gene expression
20. If the codon for leucine is AAU, what is the anticodon?
Correct Answer: UUA
68. On a sunny day, the closing of stomata in plant leaves results in
Correct Answer: a decrease in CO2 intake
18. Which of the following is best observed by using a compound light microscope?
Correct Answer: a eukaryote
56. Which of the following cells would most likely have the greatest concentration of densely packed rough E.R.?
Correct Answer: a pancreatic cell engaged in the production of digestive enzymes
28. Protein phosphorylation is commonly involved with all of the following except
Correct Answer: activation of G protein coupled receptors
99. Which of the following processes is coupled with the hydrolysis of ATP?
Correct Answer: active transport
41. Sister chromatids begin to separate during which phase?
Correct Answer: anaphase
36. Which of the following groups contains prokaryotic organisms capable of surviving the greatest extremes in temperature or salt concentration?
Correct Answer: arachaebacteria
61. Consider the pathway: epinephrine --> G protein coupled receptor --> G protein --> adenylyl cyclase --> cAMP Identify the second messenger
Correct Answer: cAMP
77. Process in which carbon from CO2 is incorporated into organic molecules
Correct Answer: calvin cycle
29. A prokaryotic cell has which of the following?
Correct Answer: cell membrane
57. Site of transport of materials into and out of the cell
Correct Answer: cell membrane
53. In cells of some organisms, mitosis occurs without cytokinesis. This will result in
Correct Answer: cells with more than one nucleus
30. A large stand of aspen trees may be a group of genetically identical individuals produced by vegetative reproduction. Such a collection is called a
Correct Answer: clone
52. _______ occurs when two alleles are dominant and affect the phenotype in two different but equal ways.
Correct Answer: codominance
38. The anticodon of a particular tRNA molecule is
Correct Answer: complementary to the corresponding mRNA
7. Which of the following is a small molecule that cooperates with a repressor protein to switch an operon off?
Correct Answer: corepressor
96. All of the following are typical components of the plasma membrane of a eukaryotic cell EXCEPT
Correct Answer: cytochromes
3. Division of the cytoplasm of the cell
Correct Answer: cytokinesis
100. Simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion are related in that both
Correct Answer: depend on a concentration gradient
54. During respiration, most ATP is formed as a direct result of the net movement of
Correct Answer: electrons through a channel
94. A + B --> AB Which of the following best characterizes the reaction represented above?
Correct Answer: endergonic
88. An organelle that is characterized by extensive, folded membranes and is often associated with ribosomes
Correct Answer: endoplasmic reticulum
13. A + B --> AB + energy
Correct Answer: exergonic
69. Large molecules are moved out of the cell by which of the following processes?
Correct Answer: exocytosis
16. Muscle cells differ from nerve cells mainly because they
Correct Answer: express different genes
86. Which of the following processes is carried out more efficiently by a C4 plant than by a C3 plant?
Correct Answer: fixation of CO2
76. All of the following contribute to genetic recombination except
Correct Answer: gene linkage
50. Process in which sugar is oxidized to pyruvic acid
Correct Answer: glycolysis
91. Which of the following pathways for the transformation of cellular energy most likely evolved first?
Correct Answer: glycolysis
72. Which of the following organelles modifies and packages for secretion the materials produced by the ribosomes?
Correct Answer: golgi
75. Which organelle contributes to the formation of the cell plate in plant cells during cytokinesis?
Correct Answer: golgi
81. Gametes are
Correct Answer: haploid
25. The genetic material of the cell replicates to prepare for cell division during
Correct Answer: interphase
90. ____________ occurs when a chromosome fragment breaks off and reattaches to its original position, but backward, so that the part of the fragment that was originally at the attachment point is now at the end of the chromosome.
Correct Answer: inversion
31. A student using a light microscope observes a cell and correctly decides that it is a plant cell because
Correct Answer: it has a large central vacuole
93. Dialysis tubing is filled with 3% starch and 3% glucose and placed in a beaker of distilled water, after 3 hours glucose can be detected outside the bag, but starch cannot. If, instead of a bag, a potato slice were placed in the beaker of distilled water, which of the following would be true for the potato slice?
Correct Answer: it would gain mass
5. Process in which CO2 is released as a byproduct of oxidation-reduction reactions
Correct Answer: krebs cycle
59. The signaling molecule behaves as a ____________, the term for a molecule that specifically binds to another molecule.
Correct Answer: ligand
83. The signaling molecule behaves as a ____________, the term for a molecule that specifically binds to another molecule.
Correct Answer: ligand
39. Binding of a signaling molecule to which type of receptor leads directly to a change in distribution of ions on opposite sides of the membrane?
Correct Answer: ligand gated ion channel
45. Binding of a signaling molecule to which type of receptor leads directly to a change in distribution of ions on opposite sides of the membrane?
Correct Answer: ligand-gated ion channel
11. Process in which O2 is released as a byproduct of oxidation-reduction reactions
Correct Answer: light dependent reactions
80. In a hypotonic solution, an animal cell will
Correct Answer: lyse
44. Apoptosis involves all but the following:
Correct Answer: lysis of the cell
51. Membranes are components of all of the following EXCEPT a
Correct Answer: microtubule
95. The sites of cellular respiration
Correct Answer: mitochondria
26. Which of the following best supports the statement that mitochondrion are descendants of endosymbiotic bacteria-like cells?
Correct Answer: mitochondrion and bacteria possess similar ribosomes and DNA
6. Compared to most prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells typically have
Correct Answer: more DNA molecules and larger genomes
19. Which of the following is an example of active transport across a membrane?
Correct Answer: movement of H+ into a thylakoid disc during photosynthesis
60. Oxygen consumption can be used as a measure of metabolic rate because oxygen is
Correct Answer: necessary for ATP synthesis by oxidative phosphorylation
78. If four cells resulted from cell division of a single cell with diploid chromosome number 2n=4, what best describes what occurred? Cells: N+1 N=1 N =2 and N =2
Correct Answer: nondisjunction
49. Lipid-soluble signaling molecules, such as aldosterone, cross the membranes of all cells but affect only target cells because
Correct Answer: only target cells have enzymes that break down aldosterone
47. In a cell signal, how is the flow of specific ions regulated?
Correct Answer: opening and closing of ligand-gated ion channels
65. Water enters and leaves the plant cells primarily by
Correct Answer: osmosis
48. The general name for an enzyme that transfers phosphate groups from ATP to a protein is called a
Correct Answer: protein kinase
98. Which of the following does not occur during mitosis?
Correct Answer: replication of the DNA
82. An operon that is usually on, but can be inhibited when a molecule, like tryptophan binds to a regulatory protein.
Correct Answer: repressible
43. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells generally have which of the following features in common?
Correct Answer: ribosomes
35. Movement of the chromosomes during anaphase would be most affected by a drug that prevents
Correct Answer: shortening of microtubules
46. From the perspective of the cell receiving the message, the three stages of cell signaling are
Correct Answer: signal reception, signal transduction, and cellular response
10. Which of the following is true of meiosis II and mitosis?
Correct Answer: sister chromatids separate
23. ____________, the joining of homologous chromosomes, forms a structure called a tetrad.
Correct Answer: synapsis
37. Dialysis tubing is filled with 3% starch and 3% glucose and placed in a beaker of distilled water, after 3 hours glucose can be detected outside the bag, but starch cannot. Which best describes the condition expected after 24 hours?
Correct Answer: the bag will contain more water than it did in the original condition
24. Which of the following could not be true for a X linked, sex linked gene:
Correct Answer: the father passes the sex linked gene to his sons
64. Dialysis tubing is filled with 3% starch and 3% glucose and placed in a beaker of distilled water, after 3 hours glucose can be detected outside the bag, but starch cannot. Which of the following is a logical conclusion?
Correct Answer: the pores of the bag are larger than the glucose molecules but smaller than the starch molecules
9. Which of the following is an example of post-transcriptional control of gene expression?
Correct Answer: the removal of introns and splicing together of exons
97. The process in which a polypeptide strand is synthesized using mRNA as a template
Correct Answer: translation
79. ___ occurs when the deleted chromosome fragment joins a nonhomologous chromosome
Correct Answer: translocation
87. A mobile segment of DNA that travels from one location on a chromosome to another, making it an important element of genetic change
Correct Answer: transposon
63. Humans produce skin cells by mitosis and gametes by meiosis. The nuclei of skin cells produced by mitosis will have
Correct Answer: twice as much DNA as the nuclei of gametes produced by meiosis