Health Final
AMDR
% of calories from carbs, protein, and lipids
false
1 gram of protein contains 7 calories
precurser
A compound in food that can be converted into an active vitamin inside the body is known as a(an):
ribloflavin
A deficiency of what vitamin produces a characteristic cracking and redness at the corners of the mouth (cheilosis)?
diverticulitis
A disease in which abnormal bulging pockets are formed in the colon that is seen in people consuming low fiber diets is
butter
A food that represents a visible fat would be
intestinal bacteria
A non-food source of vitamin K is:
vitamin K
A person who has taken antibiotics for several months because of a severe bacterial infection may develop a deficiency of:
negative nitrogen balance
A person with wasting of muscle is cancer or Alzheimer's disease is in what type of nitrogen balance?
epidemiological study.
A study conducted in several countries where a high intake of fish and a low intake of animal fat were correlated with a low rate of breast cancer death is an example of a(n):
73gms
A young man who is a sedentary college student needs how much protein if he weighs 200 pounds?
45-65
According to most dietary guidelines, what percentage of the days total energy intake should be furnished by carbohydrates? (AMDR)
false
Amino acid supplements are recommended for all athletes to improve performance
adding garbanzo beans to her salad would provide the protein combination she needs
An adolescent girl has decided to adhere to a vegetarian diet and has selected a tossed green salad, whole-wheat crackers, and apple juice for lunch. What would you advise her about her complementary protein sources?
B-6 -pyridoxine
An athlete who consumes a high-protein diet would have an increased need for:
niacin
An individual has developed heart disease and high blood lipid values and does not want to go on lipid-lowering prescription medications because of their side effects. Which vitamin has been used by physicians in treatment plans as a more natural treatment for heart disease? It can cause the skin to turn red in color for a short time after taking it.
cis to trans
An oil that is partially hydrogenated sometimes changes one or more of its double bond configurations from
vitamin B12
An strict vegetarian (vegan) is at special risk for ____ deficiency
false
Antibodies are identical large proteins in the blood that are effective in destroying multiple types of invading foreign particles.
vitamin C
Antioxidant nutrients that actively scavenge and quench free radicals in the body include
good
Any food providing 10% or more of the Daily Value for a nutrient is considered to be a ____ source of the nutrient.
95
Approximately what percentage of the lipids in foods are triglycerides?
1/2
Based on the USDA MyPlate, at least _____ of the plate should be occupied by fruits and vegetables at each meal.
a non essential nutrient
By definition, a vitamin is all of the following except:
sodium
CDRR nutrient
4
Carbohydrate and protein each provide _____ calories per gram
true
Casein protein is high quality protein in milk.
must be supplied by the diet
Characteristics of the essential fatty acids include:
sterols
Cholesterol is the best known of the:
lower blood pressure
Compared to meat eaters, vegetarians tend to have:
Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL)
Concerned about the toxic effects of added nutrients in fortified foods and supplements, when eaten in addition to staple foods, scientists established the ____ category of the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI).
vitamin A
Cooking a food in liberal amounts of water is least likely to affect the vitamin content of
folate and vitamin C
Current recommendations for fruit and vegetable intake are for us to consume a variety from each category on a daily basis. The two vitamins that rely heavily on our consumption of leafy greens and citrus fruits, as well as other fruits and vegetables, are
mouth
Digestion of starches takes place in the small intestines and also in the
contemplation
Donna has started reading books on weight loss and fitness and has decided to join the local gym to increase her physical activity. She also considers joining a Weight Watcher's program to learn how to improve her food habits. In which stage of behavior change is Donna in right now?
VLDL
Drinking alcohol will increase this lipoprotein
lactose intolerance
Each of the following is known to be linked to excessive intake of fats EXCEPT
spaghetti and tomato sauce
Examples of complementary protein combinations include all of the following except:
HDL
Exercise will raise this lipoprotein
fortified
Food to which nutrients have been added
carrots
Foods rich in beta carotene include:
processed
Foods that have been subjected to any process such as addition of additives, milling, or cooking are called _____ foods.
protein intakes at 1.2-1.8 gms/kg
For athletes, the path to bigger muscles includes
milk
Fortified plant sources of vitamin D available in the United States include:
false
Galactose occurs mostly in fruits and honey
athletes
Groups of people who are at risk for developing marginal deficiencies and may benefit from taking vitamin supplements include all of the following except
positive association
Having cake and ice cream as part of a birthday celebration is an example of which food choice factor?
9
How many amino acids are considered to be essential amino acids?
20
How many different kinds of amino acids make up proteins?
20-35 grams per day
How many grams of fiber per day does the American Dietetic Association suggest for an average adult?
4
If a food product states that it contains 16 gms of sugar, how many teaspoons would this be?
the body converts amino acid residues to glycogen or fat.
If amino acids are oversupplied:
not be concerned as long as the diet as a whole provides average amounts that approximate the recommended intakes.
If someone did not meet the recommended intakes for the fat-soluble vitamins one day, you would tell him to
HDL
If this lipoprotein is high your risk of heart disease is decreased
Fiber in the colon provides short-chain fatty acids that provide energy to keep the colon cells healthy and resistant to chemical damage causing cell changes.
If you are asked for advice on whether diets high in fiber can reduce colon cancer risk, what would you reply
the USDA food guide
If you were trying to teach someone how to select a healthy diet which of the following would be the easiest to help them pick the best foods.
nitrogen
In comparison to the composition of carbohydrates and fats, which element found in proteins makes them unique?
glucose
In early food deprivation, the nervous system uses ________ as fuel.
iron
In hemochromatosis, which mineral is absorbed at too high a rate?
ketones, protein
In later food deprivation, ________ help feed the nervous system and so help spare body ________.
six
In terms of the process of change, how many stages of behavior modification are typically described by psychologists?
people addicted to alchohol
In the U.S. scurvy is seldom seen today except in
1 cup cooked legumes.
In the USDA Food Guide, one ounce of meat is equal to all of the following except
refined carbohydrates have increased along with caloric intake
In the past three decades, carbohydrate intake in this country has:
stomach
In what organ does protein digestion begin?
Formulate a hypothesis and make a prediction that can be tested.
In which step of the scientific method is a tentative solution to the problem or an answer to the research question constructed?
fat cell number theory
Julie was overweight as a child, and now as an adult seems to always be heavier than she would like. She loses weight but finds it difficult to maintain her lower weight. Which weight theory seems to be responsible for Julie's predicament?
Grains: oz Proteins: oz dairy: c Fruits: c Veggies: c
List the 5 food groups. What is the unit of measure for each food group?
Vitamins Minerals Water Protein Carbs Fats (lipids)
List the 6 nutrients found in food
1. Giving energy 2. protecting and insulating organs 3. absorbing fat soluble vitamins
List three function of fat in the body.
chylomicron
Made in the small intestines
true
Monosaccharides need no digestion and are absorbed directly into the blood.
milk
Of the following commonly eaten foods, which makes the greatest contribution to riboflavin intake?
egg
Of the following foods, which likely contains the most easily digestible protein?
hamburger
Of the following foods, which would be the only source of vitamin B12?
polyunsaturated
Omega 3 and omega 6 are examples of what class of fatty acids?
Set small, achievable goals.
Once a weakness is identified, what is the next step in behavior change?
glucose
Once in the bloodstream, the absorbed carbohydrates travel to the liver, which converts them to:
adequacy
One of the characteristics of a nutritious diet is that the foods provide enough of each essential nutrient, fiber, and energy. This principle of diet planning is called
Youre wrong, because sucrose occurs naturally in many fruits and vegetables and processed foods
One of your friends makes the statement that her diet contains no sucrose because she does not consume table sugar. What would be an appropriate response to this statement?
women with low calcium intake and little exposure to the sun who have repeated pregnancies and periods of lactation.
Osteomalacia most often occurs in:
lactase
Over 75% of the world's people, as they age, lose most of their ability to produce the enzyme ________.
lipase
Pancreatic enzyme that breaks down lipids
niacin
Pellagra is a ____ deficiency disease.
folic acid
Poorly-planned vegetarian diets typically lack all of the following except:
macular degeneration.
Population studies suggest that people whose diets lack foods rich in beta-carotene have a higher incidence of:
bile
Produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder emulsifies fat
false
Products sweetened with sugar alcohols are not considered safe.
olive oil
Recent recommendations suggest that we consume monounsaturated fats in the place of saturated fat. Which of the following items would achieve this goal?
folate
Research has shown that the risk for spina bifida is lowered by taking supplements of
false
Scientific studies have consistently demonstrated that increased blood insulin levels cause excess body fatness and obesity.
intervention study
Scientists have developed a new type of margarine containing plant ingredients they think will lower blood cholesterol levels in people who use the margarine. They want to test this by having some people use the new margarine for a while and then compare their cholesterol levels with those of a group of people who use regular margarine. This is an example of what type of research design?
true
Sickle-cell disease is an example of an inherited mistake in the amino acid sequence.
true
Starvation causes loss of lean body tissue as well as loss of fat.
lower blood pressure
Studies show that diets high fish such as salmon and tuna can
10
The AMDR recommends ____ percent of total calories as the minimum amount of protein.
coenzymes
The B vitamins act as part of:
0.8
The DRI for protein for healthy adults is ____ grams per kilogram of body weight.
added sugars
The Dietary Guidelines encourage Americans to consume less:
estimating the nutrient needs of persons with medical problems.
The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) are appropriately used for all of the following except
folate
The U.S. Enrichment Act of 1942 was amended in 1996 to include which vitamin?
thiamin
The Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, which is often observed in poorly nourished alcohol abusers, is known to respond to supplements of
true
The a vegan needs to supplement the diet with vitamin B-12.
AI
The amoungt needed but evidence is less strong
Insulin: lowers blood glucose Cortisol: raises blood glucose. Glucagon: raises blood glucose
The body produces two hormones that raise the amount of glucose in the blood and one that lowers the amount of glucose in the blood. List these 3 hormones and indicate which ones raise and which one lowers blood glucose
three
The energy giving nutrients fall into ____ classes.
pancreas
The first organ to respond to a rise in blood glucose levels is the:
diet
The food a person usually eats and drinks
high saturated and trans fat intake.
The main dietary factor associated with elevated blood cholesterol is:
to help synthesize proteins that help clot the blood.
The main function of vitamin K is:
reduce the incidence of birth defects called neural tube defects.
The main reason for fortifying enriched grain products with folic acid is to:
Low concentration of blood protein albumin
The major reason that person has swelling in kwashiorkor?
130 grams per day
The minimum amount of digestible carbohydrate to feed the brain and reduce ketosis in an average-sized person is:
fat
The most energy-rich ( most calories) of the nutrients is
linolenic acid
The oils found in walnuts, soybeans, flaxseed, and wheat germ represent a good source of preformed
false
The predominant type of diabetes mellitus is associated with the inability to produce insulin.
marasmus.
The protein energy deficiency disease is
hereditary
The sequences of amino acids that make up a protein molecule are specified by:
the vitamin A precursor in carrots becomes activated to form rhodopsin in the eye.
The statement, "Eat carrots because they are good for your eyes," is correct because
beriberi
The thiamin deficiency disease is known as:
limit phenylalanine in the diet
The treatment for PKU is to
osteomalacia.
The vitamin D deficiency disease in adults is known as:
VLDL
This lipoprotein carries triglyceride made in the liver
chylomicron
This lipoprotein carries triglyceride made in the small intestine
LDL
This lipoprotein will increase if the diet is high in saturated fat
nutrient density
Three ounces of beef stew offers about the same amount of iron as three ounces of water-packed tuna, but the beef contains over 300 calories while the tuna contains about 100 calories. This is an example of:
calorie control
Todd is a 26-year-old personal trainer who requires 3,000 calories per day. Todd is very conscientious about his diet and ensures his daily food intake does not exceed or fall below 3,000 calories. What characteristic of a nutritious diet does Todd's diet display?
excess is excreted in the urine
True statements concerning the water-soluble vitamins include:
maintaining healthy mucous membranes
Vitamin A plays an important role in:
60
Water makes up about ________ percent of human body weight.
Tryptophan
What amino acid is used to synthesize the important neurotransmitter serotonin?
Soluble fiber: oatmeal, nuts Insoluble fiber: carrots, wheat bran Benefits: helps normalize bowel movements, lowers cholesterol.
What are the two Major Classes of Fiber? List two food sources of each class. List two health benefit of added fiber.
organic, energy-yielding, essential
What characteristics BEST describe a carbohydrate
bone loss
What is a potential problem with excessive protein intake?
a nutrient that must be obtained from food
What is an essential nutrient?
bright yellow skin
What is one symptom of a beta-carotene excess in the diet?
lipoprotein lipase (LPL)
What is the enzyme on the surface of fat cells that allows fat to be absorbed into the cells?
fatty acids
What is the immediate precursor for the eicosanoids?
small intestines
What is the major absorption site for digestible carbohydrates?
130 g
What is the minimum daily amount of dietary carbohydrate necessary to spare body protein from excessive breakdown (adequate intake)
glycogen
What is the name of the animal polysaccharide composed of glucose units?
high fructose corn syrup
What is the predominant sweetener used in formulating beverages?
glucose
What is the primary form of carbohydrate in the blood?
lowers blood glucose levels
What is the primary function of insulin?
liver
What is the primary organ that converts fructose to glucose following absorption?
small intestine
What part of the gastrointestinal tract is the predominant site of dietary fat hydrolysis (digestion)?
45-65%
What percentage of total calories is recommended to be provided by carbohydrates?
laboratory studies
What type of research studies are performed under tightly controlled conditions and are used to determine mechanisms of cause and effects?
epidemiological study
What type of research studies populations and is often used to search for correlations between dietary habits and disease incidence?
epidemiological studies
What type of research studies use population-based information from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) to determine correlations between dietary practices and health?
urea
When amino acids are broken down for energy, the nitrogen is stripped off and changed by the liver into:
saturated fat, cholesterol
When looking at a food label, what kinds of lipids are required to be listed on the label?
protein
When the body faces a severe carbohydrate deficit, it is forced to turn to ________ to make glucose for energy.
saturated fat
When using the nutrition fact panel on a food label, which of the following goal is NOT to meet 100% of DV?
emotional comfort
When you are ill with a cold, you fix a bowl of chicken noodle soup to eat to feel better. What factor drives your food choice in this situation?
small intestines
Where is lactase produced in the body?
false
Whey is the name of one of the proteins in eggs
glucagon
Which chemical floods the bloodstream when the blood glucose concentration drops and cells need energy?
hypertension
Which condition is the DASH diet designed to help people manage?
thyroxine
Which hormone is responsible for regulating the basal metabolic rate?
fatfold measurement
Which method of assessing body fatness uses a caliper?
iodine
Which mineral deficiency during pregnancy causes cretinism?
zinc
Which mineral is essential to sperm production and taste perception, and assists in immune function?
selenium
Which mineral works with an enzyme system to protect body compounds from oxidation?
copper
Which mineral's most vital role is to help form hemoglobin and collagen?
27
Which of the following BMI values would indicate a person is overweight (but not obese)?
the side chain
Which of the following accounts for the differences among the various amino acids?
tryptophan
Which of the following amino acids is used to make the B- vitamin Niacin
gelatin
Which of the following animal-derived proteins is classified as a poor-quality protein?
plant foods only
Which of the following are allowed in the diet of a vegan?
fructose, glucose, and galactose
Which of the following are the monosaccharides
40 mg/dl
Which of the following blood glucose concentration is most consistent with hypoglycemia?
90
Which of the following blood glucose levels is within normal range if measured while you are fasting?
glycogen
Which of the following carbohydrates is NOT found in foods from plants?
iron-deficiency anemia
Which of the following condition responds the most from using nutrients not medications.
monounsaturated
Which of the following describes a fatty acid that has one double bond?
diet should be adequate in supplements to avoid deficiencies
Which of the following diet recommendations is NOT recommended for those with diabetes?
vitamin C
Which of the following enhances iron absorption?
saturated fats, added sugars, sodium
Which of the following food constituents should be limited in our daily diet to reduce the risk of chronic disease, thereby illustrating the principle of "moderation"?
fruits
Which of the following food groups does not provide significant protein?
egg
Which of the following food proteins has the best assortment of essential amino acids for the human body
roasted turkey
Which of the following foods contains cholesterol?
margarine, gravy, and jelly
Which of the following foods do not fit into any of the five major food groups in the USDA Food Guide
legumes
Which of the following foods is highest in folate?
potato
Which of the following foods is richest in vitamin B6?
potato
Which of the following foods provide a large amount of starch?
fish
Which of the following foods provides almost no carbohydrates?
orange juice
Which of the following foods would provide fructose in the diet
whey
Which of the following ingredients found on a food label is a protein?
may raise blood cholesterol
Which of the following is NOT a health-related effect attributed to dietary fibers?
cancer
Which of the following is NOT a long-term complication of diabetes
Is a part of cell DNA and RNA.
Which of the following is NOT a major role of calcium?
nutrient deficiency diseases
Which of the following is NOT a typical complication immediately following gastric surgery?
Their pancreas makes little or no insulin.
Which of the following is a characteristic of a type 1 diabetic?
must be supplied by the diet
Which of the following is a feature of an essential amino acid?
tuna
Which of the following is a good source of eicosapentanoic acid (EPA)?
enzyme
Which of the following is a protein is used in digestion to breakdown nutrients.
gastric contractions
Which of the following is considered a physiological influence to begin eating?
The incidence of blood infections increases.
Which of the following is correct concerning hemochromatosis?
it is secreted by the stomach
Which of the following is correct concerning the hormone ghrelin?
Xerophthalmia
Which of the following is most likely to occur from a prolonged dietary deficiency of vitamin A?
high LDL
Which of the following is not a desirable blood lipid value?
depression
Which of the following is not among the common signs of pellagra?
promotes weight gain and feeling of fullness
Which of the following is not an effect of fiber?
intrinsic factor
Which of the following is required for the absorption of dietary vitamin B12?
whole foods
Which of the following is the best and safest source of phytochemicals?
carbohydrate
Which of the following is the preferred fuel for most body functions?
price
Which of the following is the second-most important factor that influences food choices made by U.S. consumers?
linoleic acid
Which of the following lipids is an essential nutrient?
Low-density lipoprotein
Which of the following lipoproteins contains the highest percentage of cholesterol?
magnesium
Which of the following nutrients is not required by law to be added to refined grain products?
protein
Which of the following nutrients yields energy, but also provides materials that form structures and working parts of body tissues?
coconut oil
Which of the following on the food label is saturated fat?
germ
Which of the following parts of a wheat kernel is especially rich in vitamins and minerals?
basal metabolic rate
Which of the following represents the largest component of energy expenditure?
Bile is released directly into the small intestine.
Which of the following statements best describes individuals who have had their gallbladder removed?
It has the ability to lower blood cholesterol.
Which of the following statements concerning lecithin is not true?
canola
Which of the following vegetable oils is a good source of omega-3 fatty acids?
half cup cooked dry beans
Which of the following vegetables would provide the most carbohydrate?
K
Which of the following vitamins are made by bacteria that live i the GI tract
Sue, who is 35 lbs overweight
Which of the following women is least likely to develop osteoporosis?
reduce the intake of saturated and trans fat in your diet to lower LDL levels in the blood
Which of the following would be the best dietary advice for someone who needs to lower her blood cholesterol levels?
broccoli
Which of the following would be the best dietary source of vitamin C?
English muffin
Which of the following would be the most nutrient-dense choice from the grains group?
boneless pork loin
Which of the following would have the least fat in a 3 ounce serving?
nuts and seeds
Which of the following would provide the highest amount of vitamin E?
yogurt with live culture
Which of the following would you recommend for a person with lactose intolerance?
Roast beef, carrots, noodles, and tea
Which of these meals is lacking in vitamin C?
Vit D, vit C
Which vitamin is required to absorb calcium? Which is required to absorb iron?
pork tenderloin, green peas, brown rice, and strawberries.
You are planning a meal that includes a hamburger on a bun, coleslaw, and French fries. To have a more nutrient-dense meal, you should eat
choose one that lists liquid oil as the first ingredient.
You are trying to teach someone how to select an appropriate margarine to protect against heart disease. Therefore, you would tell the person to:
Gluten-free weight-loss diets offer no advantages over other low-calorie diets.
Your neighbor has placed herself on a gluten-free diet to help her lose weight. What advice would you give her
oil
a lipid that is liquid at room temperature
fat
a lipid that is solid at room temperature
lecithin
a phospholipid which is a major constituent of cell membranes
type 1
always requires insulin
EER
average caloric needs based on age, sex
chronic disease
cancer, heart disease and cancer
ultra processed foods
canned soup, fast foods, frozen pizza, candy
type 1 and 2
carbohydrate counting is recommended
milk protein
casein
stroke
cause of death is directly related to diet
nutrient density
comparison of nutrient to calories
malnutrition
condition produced by inadequate or excessive nutrients
polyunsaturated
corn oil
mouth
digestion starts
albumin
egg protein
hormone like compound made from 20 carbon fatty acid
eicosanoid
type 1 and 2
exercise is recommended
satiety
feeling of fullness
calories or kcals
food scientists measure food energy in
sucrose
fructose + glucose
DRI
general term for a set of reference values used to plan and assess nutrient intakes of healthy people.
lactose
glucose + galactose
maltose
glucose + glucose
protein in wheat
gluten
HDL
good cholesterol
saturated
hamburger
CCK
hormone that triggers bile release
protease
intestinal enzyme that breaks down protein
small intestine
major site of absorbtion
hydrogenation
making an oil into a solid fat by changing saturation
lactase
milk sugar
type 2
most common form of diabetes
essential
must be provided in the diet
type 2
obesity is a risk for this form of diabetes
not a food group
oils
cholestreol
one of the sterols manufactured in the body
phospholipid
one of the three main classes of lipids which is similar to a triglyceride
sterol
one of the three main classes of lipids with a structure similar to cholesterol
trypsin
pancreatic enzyme that breaks down protein
monosaturated
peanut oil
ribosome
protein making part of cell
CDRR
reducing sodium for hypertension is an example
gestational diabetes
seen in pregnancy
linoleic
source is corn oil, safflower oil, sesame oil,
linolenic
source is flax and walnuts
amylase
starch
empty calories
sugar, solid fat, and alcohol
edema
swelling of body tissue
RDA
the amount needed by 98% of population with strong evidence
sucrase
this enzyme produces glucose and fructose to be released
type 2
type of diabetes characterized by insulin resistance
type 1
type of diabetes that is autoimmune
EAR
used in research and public policy
DV
used on food labels only
liver
where galactose is changed to glucose
it contains more calories per teaspoon than sugar
which of the following is the correct concerning honey?
erythritol
which of the following sugar alcohols is calorie free
fruits, vegetables
whole foods
the liberation of maltose from starch.
After chewing a piece of bread for awhile, you begin to experience a slightly sweet taste. This taste results from:
folic acid
All of the following EXCEPT ___________are antioxidants.
cholesterol
All of the following EXCEPT ________needs to be listed on the food label.
it is high in protein
All of the following are characteristics of a diet recommended for a diabetic EXCEPT:
iron
All of the following are classified as major minerals EXCEPT:
decreased risk of kidney stones
All of the following are consequences of consuming a diet that produces chronic ketosis EXCEPT:
research results confirm the benefits of diabetics applying glycemic index principles.
All of the following are correct about applying the glycemic index EXCEPT:
deficiencies are common among certain Asian people.
All of the following are correct concerning chloride EXCEPT:
meat
All of the following are good food sources of vitamin C except:
a high level of physical activity
All of the following are likely to result in an "apple" profile of obesity EXCEPT:
being African American
All of the following are risk factors for osteoporosis EXCEPT:
cereal
All of the following are significant sources of vitamin D except
raised IQ
All of the following are symptoms of anemia EXCEPT:
constipation
All of the following are symptoms of lactose intolerance EXCEPT
spread unhydrogenated spreads on whole-wheat toast.
All of the following are tips to include calcium-rich foods in your meals EXCEPT:
liposuction
All of the following are used to treat obesity EXCEPT:
reduced urination
All of the following are warning signs of diabetes EXCEPT:
light
All of the following cause denaturation of proteins except:
chronic lung disease
All of the following diseases EXCEPT are related to poor nutritional choices
French fries
All of the following foods contain active vitamin A(retinol) except:
vitamin K
All of the following nutrients EXCEPT are required to be on a food label
fruited yogurt
All of the following would be good foods to provide calcium for someone who is allergic to milk EXCEPT:
LDL
bad cholesterol
legumes
beans, peas, lentils
prediabetes
blood glucose between 100-125 gms/dl
denature
breakdown of a protein using heat
deamination
breakdown of amino acid
