AP Bio Study Unit 3 Set Ch 8-10

On average, more ATP can be produced from a NADH molecule than can be produced from a molecule of FADH2. Based on the Figure, which of the following best explain the difference in ATP production between these two molecules?

The electrons of FADH2, are transferred through three complexes of the electron transport chain whereas those of NADH are transferred through all four complexes.

The maximum production rate of acetylene CoA under under condition 1 is closest to which of the following

1 micromole/sec (or 65 maximum value)

If NaF is added to cells undergoing cellular respiration, which of the following will most likely accumulate in the cells?

2-phosphoglycerate

Base on Figure 1, the net number of ATP molecules produced during the glycolsis from the metabolism of a single glucose molecule is closest to which of the following?

8

Which of the following describes a metabolic consequence of a shortage of oxygen in the muscle cells?

A decrease in oxidation of fatty acids due to a shortage of ATP

The energy required to run the Calvin cycle reactions of photosynthesis comes from which two substances produced during the light dependent reactions

ATP and NADPH

In the absence of oxygen, yeast cells can obtain energy by fermentation, resulting in the production of

ATP, CO2, and ethanol (ethyl alcohol)

Reactants capable of integrating to form products in a chemical reaction must first overcome a thermodynamic battier known as the reaction's:

Activation energy

How can increase the rate of a chemical reaction

Add a catalyst

Scientist investigated the effect of oxygen levels on the net rate of carbon fixation in two types of plants.The plants were grown in either well watered soil (control or dry soil and then exposed to either 21%or 1% O2. The net rate of Co2 fixation for both types of plants was measured. Which of the following statements about the rate of CO2 fixation in the two types of plants is supported by the data shown in the figures?

At 21%, plant type 2 has a lower rate of Co2 fixation than plant type on in both types of soil.

A plant has a unique photosynthetic pigment. The leaves of this plant appear to be reddish yellow. What wavelengths of visible light are being absorbed by this pigment?

Blue green red

Tarik disease is an inherited disorder that is caused by mutations in PFKM, the gene that encodes a subunit of phosphofructokinase, and enzyme in the glycolysis pathway. Individuals with Tarui disease produce little or no functional phosphofructokinase in the skeletal muscle cells. Base on the Figure, which o the following best explains why a low carbohydrate diet is recommended for those with Tarui disease?

Carbohydrate metabolism requires all the reactions of glycolysis, and amino acids and fatty acids do not

Newborn babies and hibernating animals contain a large amount of brown adipose tissue. Certain proteins in the BAT cells increase the permeability of the inner mitochondrial membrane to protons, disrupting the proton gradient. Which of the following best predicts the effect of disrupting the proton gradient in BAT?

Electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation will be decoupled, generating more heat but less ATP.

Which of the following are products of the light reactions of photosynthesis that are utilized in the Calvin cycle?

Electrons and H+ Ions

An increase in the concentration of protons in the cytoskeleton will most likely have which of the following effects on glycolysis?

Glycolytic enzymes will denature as a result of the increase H+ concentration

Which of the following questions will best direct and investigation on the mechanism of ATP synthase?

Is the phosphorylation of ADP and ATP syntheses dependent on the formation of a proton gradient?

Which of the following statements describes the results of this reaction (C6H12O6 + 6O2 ——> 6CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy)

O2 is oxidized and H2O is reduced

Carbon dioxide is released during which of the following stages of cellular respiration?

Oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and Krebs cycle

Trypsin and pepsin are enzymes that function in different areas of the digestive tract. One functions in the stomach, where the pH is between 1.5 and 3.5, while the other functions in the small intestines, where the pH is between 6 and 8. Based on Figure 1, which of the following best describes where each enzyme functions?

Pepsin works in the stomach because the optimal pH for pepsin is acidic.

Butterflies of the genus Colias live in the Rocky Mountains, where they experience a wide range of temperatures. Different variants of a particular glycolytic enzyme in the flight muscles are optimally active at different temperatures. Within the same population, some individual butterflies fly most effectively at 29°C , while others fly most effectively at 40°C. Still others can be equally active at both temperatures. Which of the following claims is most consistent with the observed butterfly behavior?

Temperature has little effect on the activity of butterflies

According to the induced fit hypo9thesis of enzyme catalysis, which of the following is correct?

The binding of the substrate changes the shape of the enzyme's active site.

Which of the following best describes the cellular location where private dehydrogenase is most likely active?

The mitochondrial matrix

Which of the following observations provides the best evidence that acetylCoA negatively regulates private dehydrogenase activity?

The rate of private dehydrogenase-catalyze reaction is slower in the presence of a higher concentration of acetyl-CoA

Why are C4 plants able to photosynthesize with no apparent photorespiration?

They use PEP carboxylase to initially fix CO2.

An airtight, temperature-controlled glass box containing actively growing tomato plants was placed under a light source. Plastic wrapping that only transmits green light was placed over the box, and two days later air samples from inside the box were collected and analyzed. The most likely change in air quality is

an increase in carbon dioxide (CO2)

As a research scientist, you measure the amount of ATP and NADPH consumed by the Calvin cycle in 1 hour. You find 30,000 molecules of ATP consumed, but only 20,000 molecules of NADPH. Where did the extra ATP molecules come from?

cyclic electron flow in the light reaction

Which of the following processes is carried out more efficiently by a C4 plant than by a C3 plant?

fixation of CO2

Which of the following describes why a glucose transporter is needed to move glucose into the cell?

glucose is larger and polar and cannot pass through the phospholipid bilayer