AP bio test

what are two types of electron carriers in cellular respiration

(NAD+) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)

at the end of glycolysis, the carbon molecules originally found in the starting glucose molecule are in the form of

2 pyruvate molecules

the transformation of energy is associated with an increase in disorder of the universe

2nd law of thermodynamics

when did life originate on Earth

3.5 billion years ago

How many total ATP molecules are produced from one molecule of glucose at the end of cellular respiration

36

in cells the energy available in food is used to make a compound that supplies energy for all of the chemical reactions in cells. This compound is called...

ATP

which products of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis are required by reactions of the Calvin cycle

ATP and NADPH

An enzyme that spins when hydrogen ions pass through it

ATP synthase

remember this order...

B A A B A A

remember this order

B C A D

Equation for aerobic cellular respiration

C6H12O6 + 6 O2 --> ATP + 6 CO2 + 6 H2O

describe how plants absorb photons of light energy

Plants absorb photons of light energy through pigments

reactions in which a molecule loses electrons and releases energy

oxidation

A set of chemical reactions that occurs by passing electrons along ab electron transport chain to oxygen, pumping protons across a membrane, and using the proton electrochemical gradient to drive the synthesis of ATP

oxidative phosphorylation

In cellular respiration, glucose is

oxidized

identify the molecule that is the terminal electron acceptor at the end of the electron transport chain in aerobic cellular respiration

oxygen

in plants and algae, which is a product of photosynthesis

oxygen

which isn't a product of cellular respiration

oxygen gas

a particle of light

photon

which statement correctly describes the production of carbs by photosynthesis

photosynthesis production of carbs requires energy input in the form of light energy which is converted into chemical energy stored in sugars

a molecule that absorbs sunlight energy

pigment

stored energy such as energy stored within chemical bonds

potential energy

In the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis, NADP+ is

reduced

reactions in which a molecule gains both electrons and energy

reduction

the ATP molecule contains

ribose

in the chloroplasts of plant cells, the synthesis of carbs takes place in the

stroma

photosynthesis is the pathway used to synthesize carbs from

sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water

ATP consists of

three phosphate groups

saclike body in chloroplasts made of photosynthetic membranes that contain photosystems (pigments and proteins)

thylakoid

where is the photosynthesis electron transport chain located in plant cells

thylakoid membrane

which organelle contains chlorophyll

thylakoids in the chloroplast

during photosynthesis, which molecule is oxidized

water

in plants and algae, what is the source of electrons needed for photosynthesis

water

what happens to the amount of energy of light as its wavelength shortens or decreases

when a wavelength shortens the frequency and energy increases

where does most of the oxygen in the atmosphere come from

when water molecules are split during light dependent reactions,

T or F... ATP releases energy when the outermost phosphate group is removed to form ADP

True

List three parts to an ATP molecule

adenine, ribose, 3 phosphate groups

List the two types of fermentation

alcoholic and lactic acid

dehydration synthesis reactions

anabolic

endergonic reactions

anabolic

photosynthesis

anabolic

Is fermentation aerobic or anaerobic?

anaerobic; absence of oxygen

which type of organism was the first to perform photosynthesis

cytobacteria

glycolysis takes place in the

cytoplasm

which of the following processes most directly generates the greatest amount of ATP

electrons transport chain

A nonspontaneous reaction with +(triangle)G; an input of energy is required for the reaction to occur

endergonic

a process in which a spontaneous reaction drives a non-spontaneous reaction

energetic coupling

A spontaneous reaction with -(triangle)G; is released

exergonic

T or F... Plants can only do photosynthesis; they can't perform both photosynthesis and cellular respiration

false

releases energy from food (sugar) molecules in the absence of oxygen to produce ATP

fermentation

energy is neither created nor destroyed

first law of thermodynamics

In cellular respiration, oxygen

gains electrons and is reduced

identify the molecule that contains the most chemical energy

glucose

What raw materials or reactants are needed for cellular respiration?

glucose and oxygen

The 4 steps of cellular respiration in order are

glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, Krebs cycle, electron transport chain

the color of light that is the least useful for photosynthesis

green

in eukaryotes the electron transport chain in cellular respiration is located in the

intermembrane of mitochondria

which best describes the role of the electron transport chain in the generation of ATP during respiration

it generates a proton gradient to power ATP production

which statement is true regarding a molecule that is oxidized

it loses electrons

energy of motion, such as the energy from molecules moving within a gas

kinetic energy

which statement best explains the role of light energy in the Calvin cycle

light energy enables the production of NADPH and ATP that are required for the Calvin cycle

a series of chemical reactions in which molecules are broken down or built up

metabolic pathway

the entire set of chemical reactions that sustain life is called

metabolism

In eukaryotes, pyruvate oxidation and the Krebs cycle take place in the

mitochondrial matrix

the movement of ions such as hydrogen ions (H+), from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration across a selectively permeable membrane

osmosis

the principal pigment in plants that captures sunlight energy is

chlorophyll

what happens to energy not used by cells to do work

convert to ATP

The amount of energy available to do work is called

Gibbs free energy

Does fermentation produce more or less ATP molecules

Less

the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius

calorie

during photosynthesis in plants and algae, what molecule is reduced?

carbon dioxide

identify the source from which plants obtain the molecules that make up most of their biomass

carbon dioxide in the air

cellular respiration

catabolic

exergonic reaction

catabolic

hydrolysis

catabolic

cellular respiration is a series of

catabolic reactions

The food in your lunch is broken down into smaller molecules in your gastrointestinal tract

catabolism