AP Bio Unit 1 Biomolecules
Which of the following best describes the formation of the bond shown in the following figure?
A covalent bond is formed between a carbon atom and a nitrogen atom along with the formation of H2O .
Both myoglobin and hemoglobin are proteins that bind reversibly with molecular oxygen. The graph below shows the oxygen-binding saturation of each protein at different concentrations of oxygen. Which of the following statements is correct?
At 40 mm Hg partial pressure, myoglobin has a greater affinity for oxygen than hemoglobin has.
Discuss the structure and function of each of the 3 main components of the plasma membrane in a Eukaryotic cell.
Carbohydrates- receptors on outside of membrane for nutrient signaling; proteins- channels, receptors for cell to cell signaling and nutrient passage into/out of cell; lipids- cholesterol and phospholipids for stability of the cell membrane structure
______________ is a carbohydrate found in plant cell walls used to aid in structural support
Cellulose
The synthesis of protein or carbohydrate polymers always produces which of the following as a byproduct?
water
Identify THREE types of chemical bonds/interactions found in proteins.
Disulfide bonds, peptide bonds, and hydrogen bonds
Which statement is the most accurate description of the reaction shown in the following figure?
It represents a polypeptide chain that is broken down through a hydrolysis reaction.
Identify THREE macromolecules that are components of the plasma membrane in a eukaryotic cell
Lipid, Proteins, Carbohydrates
Which of the following is an accurate description of the process shown in Figure 1 ?
The formation of a covalent peptide bond in a dehydration synthesis reaction.
Which of the following best describes how amino acids affect the tertiary structure of a protein?
The interactions of the different R -groups with other R -groups and with their environment determine the tertiary structure of the protein.
Which of the following best describes the structures of carbohydrates?
They occur as monomers, chains of monomers, and branched structures.
True or False: Protein structure determines its function.
True
primary structure of an polypeptide chain is in the shape of a ______________.
a single sequence of amino acids in a protein
Monomer of proteins
amino acids
polymer of carbohydrates
disaccharides and polysaccharides
Name and identify the bond indicated by the double line in this lipid called linoleic acid
double bond
true false: All lipids are polysaccharides
false
building blocks of lipids
glycerol and fatty acid chain(s)
A small protein is composed of 110 amino acids linked together in a chain. If the first and last five amino acids in the chain are hydrophobic (have nonpolar and uncharged R-groups) and the remaining 100 amino acids are hydrophilic (have charged or polar R-groups), then the nature of the R-group will determine if the amino acid is hydrophobic or hydrophilic. A mutation results in the production of a version of the small protein where five of the hydrophobic amino acids are missing from one end of the chain; predict how the new molecule will behave around water
it will fold in when exposed to water to form a tightly knit polypeptide sphere
The general function of an enzyme protein is to _____________________.
lower the activation energy needed to start the reaction.
polymerization is a process that links many_____________ to make a polymer.
monomers
monomer of carbohydrates
monosaccharides
Denaturation means _______________________________________.
the protein shape and function are altered
True or False: double bonds in lipids minimize the ability for the lipid to fold on its self.
true
True or false: this lipid can fold due to the absence of a double bond
true
