AP Bio Unit 1 Biomolecules

Which of the following best describes the formation of the bond shown in the following figure?

A covalent bond is formed between a carbon atom and a nitrogen atom along with the formation of H2O .

Both myoglobin and hemoglobin are proteins that bind reversibly with molecular oxygen. The graph below shows the oxygen-binding saturation of each protein at different concentrations of oxygen. Which of the following statements is correct?

At 40 mm Hg partial pressure, myoglobin has a greater affinity for oxygen than hemoglobin has.

Discuss the structure and function of each of the 3 main components of the plasma membrane in a Eukaryotic cell.

Carbohydrates- receptors on outside of membrane for nutrient signaling; proteins- channels, receptors for cell to cell signaling and nutrient passage into/out of cell; lipids- cholesterol and phospholipids for stability of the cell membrane structure

______________ is a carbohydrate found in plant cell walls used to aid in structural support

Cellulose

The synthesis of protein or carbohydrate polymers always produces which of the following as a byproduct?

water

Identify THREE types of chemical bonds/interactions found in proteins.

Disulfide bonds, peptide bonds, and hydrogen bonds

Which statement is the most accurate description of the reaction shown in the following figure?

It represents a polypeptide chain that is broken down through a hydrolysis reaction.

Identify THREE macromolecules that are components of the plasma membrane in a eukaryotic cell

Lipid, Proteins, Carbohydrates

Which of the following is an accurate description of the process shown in Figure 1 ?

The formation of a covalent peptide bond in a dehydration synthesis reaction.

Which of the following best describes how amino acids affect the tertiary structure of a protein?

The interactions of the different R -groups with other R -groups and with their environment determine the tertiary structure of the protein.

Which of the following best describes the structures of carbohydrates?

They occur as monomers, chains of monomers, and branched structures.

True or False: Protein structure determines its function.

True

primary structure of an polypeptide chain is in the shape of a ______________.

a single sequence of amino acids in a protein

Monomer of proteins

amino acids

polymer of carbohydrates

disaccharides and polysaccharides

Name and identify the bond indicated by the double line in this lipid called linoleic acid

double bond

true false: All lipids are polysaccharides

false

building blocks of lipids

glycerol and fatty acid chain(s)

A small protein is composed of 110 amino acids linked together in a chain. If the first and last five amino acids in the chain are hydrophobic (have nonpolar and uncharged R-groups) and the remaining 100 amino acids are hydrophilic (have charged or polar R-groups), then the nature of the R-group will determine if the amino acid is hydrophobic or hydrophilic. A mutation results in the production of a version of the small protein where five of the hydrophobic amino acids are missing from one end of the chain; predict how the new molecule will behave around water

it will fold in when exposed to water to form a tightly knit polypeptide sphere

The general function of an enzyme protein is to _____________________.

lower the activation energy needed to start the reaction.

polymerization is a process that links many_____________ to make a polymer.

monomers

monomer of carbohydrates

monosaccharides

Denaturation means _______________________________________.

the protein shape and function are altered

True or False: double bonds in lipids minimize the ability for the lipid to fold on its self.

true

True or false: this lipid can fold due to the absence of a double bond

true