Ap Bio Unit 7 Exam

Which of the following best describes the mechanism behind the change in beak size in the finch population?

A change in gene frequencies in the finch population due to selective pressure from the environmental change

Which of the following statements might best explain the increase in average beak size in the finch population during the drought?

Finches with bigger beaks are better able to crack thick-walled seeds and produce more surviving offspring

Describe one condition that is necessary for the population to be in equilibrium

Individuals in the population should mate randomly, with no preference for particular genotypes or phenotypes.

based on the information in table 1, which of the following statements best describes the production of nearly identical AFGP's in these two species of fish?

The fish live in an environment with similar selective pressures, and those that produce AFGP's are better able to survive.

Which of the following best explains the mechanism that maintains reproductive isolation between goats and sheep?

The two species have a different number of chromosomes, resulting in a postzygotic barrier.

What is the estimated frequency of Allele A in the gene pool?

0.50

Construct cladogram

1. P brimleyi 2. P dimissus 3. P punctulatus 4. P knulli 5. P consanguineous 6. P pyralis Spot 6 represents the outgroup because it is the least related to the other species.

What proportion of the population is probably heterozygous for this trait?

50%

Which of the following questions about the origin of life on earth is most scientifically testable?

Can simple organic molecules form spontaneously in an oxygen-free atmosphere?

Which of the following is the best plan for testing the hypothesis?

Comparing the arrangements of bones in the fins of lobe-finned fishes and limbs of the earliest tetrapods

Which of the following best explains the differences in the armor of the Lake Washington stickleback population summarized in Figure 1

Fish exhibiting the low-plated phenotype were selected against in the Lake Washington stickleback population over the last 50 years.

Which of the following hypotheses could be best supported by this evidence?

Glycolysis is a universal energy-releasing process and therefore suggests a common ancestor for all forms of life.

Which of the following best explains how the change in underwater visibility affected armor plating in Lake Washington sticklebacks between 1957 and 1976?

Higher visibility made the sticklebacks more susceptible to large toothed predators in The Lakes giving complete armor a selective advantage

Which of the following best explains how the ecological conditions are likely to be different in two models?

In model A the ecological conditions change gradually over a long period of time. In model B the ecological conditions remain unchanged for long periods of time and change drastically

Which of the following observations best supports the hypothesis that a large object collided with earth in a period of time associated with a mass extinction?

Iridium, which is common in meteorites but rare on Earth, is found in sedimentary rock that contains the last appearance of many species in the fossil record

The phylogenic trees in figure 2 and 3 to pick two different phylogenies of the same populations of sticklebacks. Which of the following questions will best help determine which tree represents the most accurate phylogeny?

Is the EDA Gene as representative of the differences between the populations as the 25 random genes that were examined for figure 3?

Which of the following observations best supports the prediction that speciation will occur within the existing plant population

Lava has separated the population into two areas: an upland forest and a lowland marsh

Which of the following procedures was most likely followed to determine the change in beak size?

The beak size in a large number of finches was measured every year from 1981 to 1987

Which of the following conclusions is best supported by the results of the breeding experiments?

The completely plated phenotypes controlled by a dominant allele of a single gene

The biologist discovered that from 1988 to 1993, the average beak size declined to pre-1981 level. The reversal in beak size from 1988 to 1993 was most likely related to which of the following events?

The end of the drought

Which of the following statements is best supported by these data?

The human is apparently more closely related to the chimpanzee than to the dog or rattlesnake

Which of the following is the null hypothesis most relevant for evaluating the date in Table 1?

There is no significant difference between the extinction rate of animals between 1950 and 2000 in China and the background extinction rate

The phenotypic variation in behavior between the two populations can best be described as resulting from

artificial selection

The similarities between these two families of plants represented an example of

convergent evolution

Greater prairie chicken

genetic drift - bottleneck effect

The hardy weinberg principle is useful because

it identifies those factors that can change allele or genotype frequencies

Describe two differences in the flash patterns of P pyralis and P knulli justify the use of differences in the flash signal patterns as evidence to support the claims that P pyralis and P knulli are different species

length of blinks, and number of blinks Different species of firefly display different patterns of flashes. in figure 4 we see that both species share a common ancestor from a long time ago but now they are no longer connected so they are no longer the same species.

which of the following is most accurate phylogenetic tree?

one with Z X Y down side and longest segment on top.

Explain what the terms p^2 2pq and Q^2 squared represent in the population of fruit flies

p^2 represents the frequency of homozygous dominant alleles in the population, 2pg represents frequency of heterozygous allele individuals in the population, and q^2 represents the frequency of homozygous recessive allele individuals in the fruit fly population

Evaluate the data used to construct the cladogram and figure 4 in the cladogram you constructed in Part B and identify which cladogram is most likely to represent a more accurate phylogeny of the organisms. Propose one type of additional data that could be used to refine the phylogeny of these species

the data used to construct figure 4 was multiple morphological characteristics. The data for cladogram was the flash pattern characteristics. Mine is more accurate because different species of fireflies display different flashing patterns and mine uses flashing patterns to determine the species relatedness. one type of additional data that could be used is the molecular features of the species including the amino acids to see how they have evolved.

All of the following are examples of prezygotic genetic isolating mechanisms except:

the progeny of a cross between two different species fail to develop properly