AP Biology Final (test 2)
simple cuboidal epithelial cells line the ducts of certain human exocrine glands. Various materials are transported into or out of the cells by diffusions. which of the following cube-shaped cells would be most efficient in removing waste by diffusion?
10 um
a typical human lymphocyte has a radius of about 10 um, while a typical bacterium has a radius of about 1 um. assuming that both cell types are perfectly spherical, how many times larger is the surface area of a typical human lymphocyte compared to the surface area of a typical bacterium?
100 because 10 X 10 i guess
a cell has a surface of 32 um2 and a volume of 8 um3. A different cell has a surface area of 36 um2 and a volume of 12 um3. what is the ratio of surface area to volume for the cell that is predicted to exchange materials with the surrounding environment at a faster rate by diffuse?
4 because 32/8 i guess
members of the domains Bacteria and Archaea have
ribosomes but no endoplasmic reticulum
most of the cells in the human body are:
smaller than the period at the end of this sentence, but larger than most bacteria.
the firgure below illustrates a eukaryotic cell. Which of the following best describes how the three structures indicated by the arrows work together? *rough ER, golgi apparatus, vesicle*
to synthesize and isolate proteins for secretion or for use in the cell
the FtsZ protein is present in prokaryotes and in cholorplasts. the protein is stucturally and functionally similar to tubular proteins of eukaryotic cells. Which of the following is a likely conclusion to draw from this information
tubular genes are evolutionarily derived from the gene that codes for the FtsZ protein
which structure occupies the largest volume in a mature plant cell?
vacuole
if a physician took a biopsy of one of your lymph nodes and wanted to see quickly if the cells in their living state looked normal, she could observe the cells using
a light microscope
a) describe the structure and function of two eukaryotic membrane bound organelles other than the nucleus b) prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have some non-membrane bound components in common. Describe the function of two o the following and discuss two each differs in prokaryotes and eukaryotes -DNA -Cell wall -ribosomes c) explain the endosymbiotic theory of the origin of eukaryotic cells and discuss an example of evidence supporting this theory
a) two organelles in eukaryotes are mitochondria and vacuoles. Mitochondria provide energy and use ATP as a form of entry. the vacuole is used for storage or water or other substances inside the cell. b) Both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells have DNA and ribosomes. In eukaryotic cells the DNA is located in the nucleus. in prokaryotic cells it is within the cytoplasm. Ribosomes are also located in both, scattered throughout the cell. They are also located on the rough endoplasmic reticulum. They aid in protein synthesis. c) the endosymbiotic theory states that prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells both originate from the same thing. They have some of the same organelles. like ribosomes and the cell wall. They also have different organelles that carry out similar functions, like the nucleus and nuclear membrane. They both are able to function with the absence of certain membranes because of the endosymbiotic theory.
you find a perviously unknown single-celled organisms in a water sample. While studying it, you find that the organism is photosynthetic and has a cell membrane surrounded by a layer of peptidoglycan (carbohydrates linked to peptides). the organism contains DNA and RNA but you see no nuclear membrane. This organisms most likely belongs to which group?
bacteria
the photograph of the organism (flagella) was most likely taken with a :
electron microscope
which of the following best describes an advantage that eukaryote organisms have over prokaryote organisms?
eukaryotes have organelles that allow for compartmentalization of cellular processes, which increases the efficiency of those processes
experimental evidence shows that the process of glycolysis is present and visually identical in organisms from all three domains, Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. Which of the following hypotheses could be best supported by this evidence?
glycolysis is a universal energy-releasing process and therefore suggests a common ancestor for all forms of life
liver cells are exposed to radioactive amino acids, making all proteins synthesized during this time radioactive. the cells are them removed at 5-minute intervals and fractionated. Where in the cells is the radioactively-labeled enzyme lipase performing its intracellular functions?
in lysosomes
which of the following is true about the structure of the prokaryotic cell represented in the figure?
it has a cell wall exterior to the plasma membrane and contains ribosomes
Cilia and eukaryotic flagella
must have a motor protein that uses the energy of ATP hydrolysis to power movement
membrane-bound organelles have been an important component in the evolution of complex, multicellular organisms. which of the following best summarizes an advantage of eukaryotic cells having internal membranes?
organelles isolate specific reactions, increasing metabolic efficiency
the figure above represents a rough endoplasmic reticulum. Which of the following best describes the role of the structure labeled Y?
structure Y is the location where proteins are synthesized
(photo of flagella) if you could observe the living organism shown in the figure above, you would see that it can use the structures labeled 1 to
swim in a cork-screw like motion
amoeba proteus is injectie with a drug that inhibits the formation of microtubules. What effect will this have on the organisms movement?
the drug will have no effect on the organisms movement