AP Biology: Photosynthesis Test Review- CHAPTER 10

b (A- carbon dioxide, B- glucose, C- oxygen, D- enzymes)

A biological process that occurs in plants is represented below. Water + A -- D --> B + C Which row in the chart below identifies the lettered substances in this process? a) A- enymes, B- oxygen, C- carbon dioxide, D-glucose b) A- carbon dioxide, B- glucose, C- oxygen, D- enzymes c) A- glucose, B- enzymes, C- oxygen, D- carbon dioxide d) A- oxygen, B- glucose, C- carbon dioxide, D- enzymes

Pigment

A colored chemical compound that absorbs light, producing color.

c (light provides the energy to push electrons to the top of the electron chain, rather than energy from the oxidation of food molecules)

A difference between electron transport in photosynthesis and respiration is that in photosynthesis: a) NADPH rather than NADH passes electrons to the electron transport chain b) ATP synthase releases ATP into the stroma rather than the cytosol c) light provides the energy to push electrons to the top of the electron chain, rather than energy from the oxidation of food molecules d) an H+ concentration gradient rather than a proton-motive force drives the phosphorylation of ATP e) both a and c are correct

c (the rate at which oxygen is released from the plant will decrease)

A green plant is kept in a brightly lighted area for 48 hours. What will most likely occur if the light intensity is then reduced slightly during the next 48 hours? a) photosynthesis will stop completely b) the rate at which nitrogen is used by the plant will increase c) the rate at which oxygen is released from the plant will decrease d) glucose production inside each plant cell will increase

Solvent

A liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances

a (NADPH)

A product of noncyclic photophosphorylation is: a) NADPH b) H2O c) CO2 d) ADP e) AMP

a (the absorption spectrum of a substance)

A spectrophotometer can be used to measure: a) the absorption spectrum of a substance b) the action spectrum of a substance c) the amount of energy in a photon d) the wavelength of visible light e) the efficiency of photosynthesis

b (absorbing photons of different wavelengths of light and passing that energy to P680 or P700)

Accessory pigments within chloroplasts are responsible for: a) driving the splitting of water molecules b) absorbing photons of different wavelengths of light and passing that energy to P680 or P700 c) providing electrons to the reaction-center chlorophyll after photoexcited electrons pass to NADP+ d) pumping H+ across the thylakoid membrane to create a proton-motive force e) anchoring chlorophyll a within the reaction center

a (the calvin-benson cycle usually occurs in the dark)

All of the following are true about photosynthesis EXCEPT: a) the calvin-benson cycle usually occurs in the dark b) the majority of the light reactions occur on the stroma membranes (thylakoid membrane) in the chloroplast c) light energy is stored in ATP d) a proton gradient drives the formation of ATP from ADP + Pi e) glucose (or another 6-carbon sugar) is made during the photosynthetic process

e (NADPH is produced)

All of the following occur in cyclic photophosphorylation EXCEPT: a) electrons move along an electron transport chain b) electrons in chlorophyll become excited c) ATP is produced d) light energy is absorbed e) NADPH is produced

d (chloroplasts)

An enzyme known as rubisco enables plants to use large amounts of carbon dioxide. This enzyme is most likely active in the: a) nucleus b) vacuoles c) mitochondria d) chloroplasts

c (carbon dioxide)

An inorganic molecule required by green plants for the process of photosynthesis is: a) oxygen b) starch c) carbon dioxide d) glucose

b (green alga)

An organism was added to a test tube containing water, which was then sealed and placed in sunlight. The graph shows an increase in the oxygen content of the test tube over a period of time. Which type of organism was most probably added to the test tube? a) fresh-water animal b) green agla c) amoeba d) virus

a (producing glucose)

Base your answer to the quation on the information and diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. A small water plant (elodea) was placed in bright sunlight for five hours as indicated below. Bubbles of oxygen gas were observed being released from the plant. Since oxygen gas is being released, it can be inferred that the plant is: a) producing glucose b) making protein c) releasing energy from water d) carrying on active transport

b (carbon dioxide)

Base your answer to the quation on the information and diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. A small water plant (elodea) was placed in bright sunlight for five hours as indicated below. Bubbles of oxygen gas were observed being released from the plant. What substance did the plant most likely absorb from the water for the process that produces the oxygen gas? a) dissolved nitrogen b) carbon dioxide c) an enzyme d) a hormone

a (fixing CO2 into organic acids during the night; these acids then release CO2 during the day)

CAM plants avoid photorespiration by: a) fixing CO2 into organic acids during the night; these acids then release CO2 during the day b) performing the Calvin Cycle at night c) fixing CO2 into four-carbon compounds in the mesophyll, which release CO2 in the bundle-sheath cells d) using PEP carboxylate to fix CO2 to ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) e) keeping their stomata closed during the day

a (respiration and photosynthesis)

Carbon dioxide makes up less than 1 percent of Earth's atmosphere, and oxygen makes up about 20 percent. These percentages are maintained most directly by: a) respiration and photosynthesis b) the ozone shield c) synthesis and digestion d) energy recycling in ecosystems

c (lettuce produces organic substances)

Certain organsims are able to store energy from the Sun in energy-rich compounds. Which event best illustrates this activity? a) a fox captures and eats a young rabbit b) a caterpillar is eaten by a blackbird c) lettuce produces organic substances d) bacteria change organic material into simple nutrients

a (ATP, NADPH, and CO2)

Chloroplasts can make carbohydrate in the dark if provided with: a) ATP, NADPH, and CO2 b) an artificially induced proton gradient c) organic acids or four-carbon compounds d) a source of hydrogen e) photons and CO2

The dish soap blocks the stomata of the leaves. The baking soda provides the carbon dioxide that the leaf needs for photosynthesis. The leaf disks are then sunk in the baking soda solution and exposed to light. As the plant leaf photosynthesizes, oxygen is produced that accumulates as oxygen gas bubbles on the outside of the leaf disk. The light is used to run the light reactions in the chloroplasts, which produces O2 as a by-product. This production results in the leaves floating.

Describe the leaf disc experiment

Rf value

Distance travelled by substance / distance travelled by solvent

c (made available by photosynthesis)

Eating a sweet potato provides energy for human metabolic processes. The original source of this energy is the energy: a) in protein molecules stored within the potato b) from starch molecules absorbed by the potato plant c) made available by photosynthesis d) in vitamins and minerals found in the soil

The light reactions require ADP and NADP+, which wouldn't be formed in sufficient quantities from ATP and NADPH if the Calvin cycle stopped

Explain why a poision that inhibits an enzyme of the Calvin cycle will also inhibit the light reactions.

3, 9, 6

For net synthesis of 1 G3P molecule, the Calvin cycle spins ______ times (takes in 3 CO2) and consumes ______ ATP and ____ NADPH

d (proteins)

For which organic compounds must information be encoded in DNA for green plants to synthesize the other three compounds? a) sugars b) starches c) fats d) proteins

The more potential energy a molecules stores, the more energy/reducing power are required for the formation of that molecule. Glucose is valuable because it is highly reduced, storing lots of potential energy

How are the large numbers of ATP and NADPH molecules used during the Calvin cycle consistent with the high value of glucose as an energy source?

Distance travelled by pigment/distance travelled by solvent

How do you calculate an Rf value?

d (both a and b are correct)

How does cyclic electron flow differ from linear electron flow? a) no NADPH is produced by cyclic electron flow b) no O2 is produced by cyclic electron flow c) the cytochrome complex in the electron transport chain is not involved in cyclic electron flow d) both a and b are correct e) a, b, and c are correct

c (C4 plants are more efficient CO2 fixers than are C3 plants)

How is C4 photosynthesis different from C3 photosynthesis? a) C4 plants require less water for photosynthesis than do C3 plants b) C4 plants can photosynthesize in lower levels of light than can C3 plants c) C4 plants are more efficient CO2 fixers than are C3 plants d) in C4 plants, chlorophyll P680 is more efficient than it is in C3 plants e) because C4 plants have special alkaloids (toxic substances), C4 plants are able to resist pests better than are C3 plants

C4 and CAM plants fix their carbon into intermediate compounds before entering the Calvin cycle. C3 plants input their carbon directly into the Calvin cycle

How is the carbon fixation of C4 and CAM plants different than that of C3 plants?

d (6)

How many "turns" of the Calvin cycle would it take to produce one molecule of glucose? a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 6 e) 12

3 spins (input 3 CO2)

How many times does the Calvin cycle "spin" to form 1 G3P molecule?

6 spins (input 6 CO2)

How many times does the Calvin cycle "spin" to form 1 glucose molecule?

The electrons still pass through the ETC between PS2 and PS1, generating a proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis (downward flow of electrons from an acceptor to P700 results in formation of ATP molecules)

How, then, is ATP produced by cyclic electron flow?

c (increasing graph)

If the leaves of a geranium plant recieve an adequate supply of raw materials, which graph below shows how the rate of photosynthesis is related to increasing light intensity recieved by the plant? a) flat graph b) decreasing graph c) increasing graph d) decreasing and then leveling off graph

d (takes place in the bundle sheath cells)

In C4 plants, the Calvin cycle: a) takes place at night b) only occurs when the stomata are closed c) takes place in the mesophyll cells d) takes place in the bundle-sheath cells e) uses PEP carboxylase instead of rubisco because of its greater affinity for CO2

d (oxidative phosphorylation)

In green plants, most of the ATP for synthesis of proteins, cytoplasmic streaming, and other cellular activities comes directly from: a) photosystem 1 b) photosystem 2 c) the Calvin cycle d) oxidative phosphorylation e) photophosphorylation

b (from the thylakoid space into the stroma)

In the chemiosmotic synthesis of ATP in a chloroplast, H+ diffuses through the ATP synthase a) from the stroma into the thylakoid space b) from the thylakoid space to the stroma c) from the intermembrane space into the matrix d) from the cytoplasm into the intermembrane space e) from the matrix into the stroma

b (regulate oxygen and carbon dioxide levels)

In the leaf of a plant, guard cells help to: a) destroy atmospheric pollutants when they enter the plant b) regulate oxygen and carbon dioxide levels c) transport excess glucose to the roots d) block harmful ultraviolet rays that can disrupt chlorophyll production

photolysis

In the thylakoid membranes of a chloroplast during light-dependant reactions, two molecules of water are split to form oxygen, hydrogen ions, and electrons.

d (glucose)

In the transfer of energy from the Sun to ecosystems, which molecule is one of the first to store this energy? a) protein b) fat c) DNA d) glucose

Three carbon atoms enter the Calvin cycle, one by one, as individual CO2 molecules and leave the cycle in one 3C molecules (G3P) per 3 turns of the cycle

In what forms do carbon atoms enter and leave the Calvin cycle?

c (both respiration and photosynthesis)

Indicate if each of the following events occur during: a) respiration b) photosynthesis c) both respiration and photosynthesis d) neither respiration nor photosynthesis chemiosmotic synthesis of ATP _____________

d (neither respiration nor photosynthesis)

Indicate if each of the following events occur during: a) respiration b) photosynthesis c) both respiration and photosynthesis d) neither respiration nor photosynthesis oxidation of NADP+ _____________

a (respiration)

Indicate if each of the following events occur during: a) respiration b) photosynthesis c) both respiration and photosynthesis d) neither respiration nor photosynthesis oxidative phosphorylation _____________

b (photosynthesis)

Indicate if each of the following events occur during: a) respiration b) photosynthesis c) both respiration and photosynthesis d) neither respiration nor photosynthesis reduction of CO2 _____________

a (respiration)

Indicate if each of the following events occur during: a) respiration b) photosynthesis c) both respiration and photosynthesis d) neither respiration nor photosynthesis reduction of NAD+ _____________

a (respiration)

Indicate if each of the following events occur during: a) respiration b) photosynthesis c) both respiration and photosynthesis d) neither respiration nor photosynthesis reduction of oxygen _____________

a (carbon dioxide moves in; oxygen moves out)

Leaves of green plants contain openings known as stomates, which are opened and closed by specialized cells allowing for gas exchange between the leaf and the outside environment. Which phrase best represents the net flow of gases involved in photosynthesis into and out of the leaf through these openings on a sunny day? a) carbon dioxide moves in; oxygen moves out b) carbon dioxide and oxygen move in; ozone moves out c) oxygen moves in; nitrogen moves out d) water and ozone move in; carbon dioxide moves out

e (ATP, NADPH, and O2)

Linear electron flow along with chemiosmosis in the chloroplast results in the production of: a) ATP only b) ATP and NADPH c) ATP and G3P d) ATP and O2 e) ATP, NADPH, and O2

a (photosynthesis)

Most of the oxygen gas present in the atmospher is produced as a result of: a) photosynthesis b) cellular respiration c) dehydration synthesis d) decomposition

a (can be used for photosynthesis)

Much of the carbon dioxide produced by algae is not excreted as a metabolic waste because it: a) can be used for photosynthesis b) cannot pass through cell membranes c) is needed for aerobic respiration d) is used for the hydrolysis of proteins

d (to reduce 3-phosphoglycerate to G3P)

NADPH and ATP from the light reactions are both needed: a) in the carbon fixation stage to provide energy and reducing power to rubisco b) to regenerate three RuBP from five G3P (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate) c) to combine two molecules of G3P to produce glucose d) to reduce 3-phosphoglycerate to G3P e) to reduce the H+ concentration in the stroma and contribute to the proton-motive force

d (autotrophs)

Organisms that have the ability to use an atmospheric gas to produce an organic nutrient are known as: a) herbivores b) decomposers c) carnivores d) autotrophs

a (CO2 is reduced and water is oxidized)

Photosynthesis is a redox process in which: a) CO2 is reduced and water is oxidized b) NADP+ is reduced and RuBP is oxidized c) CO2, NADP+, and water are reduced d) O2 acts as an oxidizing agent, and water acts as a reducing agent e) G3P is reduced and the electron transport chain is oxidized

d (light energy is converted into the chemical energy of simple sugars)

Photosynthesis is the process by which: a) the potential energy of simple sugars is transferred to ATP molecules b) simples sugars are gradually broken down to form lactic acid or alcohol c) two simple sugar molecules combine to form maltose and water d) light energy is converted into the chemical energy of simple sugars

a (chloroplasts are visible inside the cells)

Scientists studying ocean organisms are discovering new and unusual species. Which observation could be used to determine that an ocean organism carries out autotrophic nutrition? a) chloroplasts are visible inside the cells b) digestive organs are visible upon dissection c) the organism lives close to the surface d) the organism synthesizes enzymes to digest food

b (three molecules of rubp and one G3P)

Six molecules of G3P formed from the fixation of 3 CO2 in the Calvin cycle are used to produce: a) three molecules of glucose b) three molecules of RuBP and one G3P c) one molecule of glucose and four molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate d) one G3P and three four-carbon intermediates e) none of the above, since three molecules of G3P result from three turns of the Calvin cycle

d (inorganic compounds)

Starch molecules present in a maple tree are made from materials that originally entered the tree from the external environment as: a) enzymes b) simple sugars c) amino acids d) inorganic compounds

True (ATP is required for the bundle sheath cells for the Calvin cycle; ATP is required for the mesophyll cells for the conversion of pyruvate to PEP acceptor)

T/F: Both processes in mesophyll cells and bundle sheath cells require ATP

True

T/F: Neither light reactions nor Calvin cycle alone can make sugar from CO2

b (photosynthesis and excretion)

The arrows in the diagram below represent the movement of materials. (water and carbon dioxide into leaf, oxygen out of leaf) This movement of materials indicated by the arrows is most directly involved in the processes of: a) respiration and replication b) photosynthesis and excretion c) digestion and recycling d) circulation and coordination

c (produced at night and degraded during the day)

The changes in pH over the 36 hour period could indicate that acid products were being: a) produced at night b) produced during the day c) produced at night and degraded during the day d) produced during the day and degraded at night e) produced during the night and day but degraded only at night

c (water)

The chlorophyll known as P680+ has its electron "holes" filled by electrons from: a) photosystem 1 b) photosystem 2 c) water d) NADPH e) accessory pigments

a (producers)

The dense needles of Douglas fir trees can prevent most light from reaching the forest floor. This situation would have the most immediate effect on: a) producers b) carnivores c) herbivores d) decomposers

c (A: carbon dioxide and water, B: glucose)

The diagram below represents a biological process. A (inorganic molecules) -> B (organic molecules) Which set of molecules is best represented by letters A and B? a) A: oxygen and water B: glucose b) A: glucose B: carbon dioxide and water c) A: carbon dioxide and water B: glucose d) A: glucose B: oxygen and water

d (D)

The diagram below represents a cell of a green plant. A- nucleus B- cell wall C- vacuole D- chloroplast Solar energy is used to produce energy-rich compounds in structure: a) A b) B c) C d) D

a (cell membrane)

The diagram below represents a cross section of a leaf of a green palnt, showing an opening (stomate) in the lower surface. A stomate in the lower surface of the leaf has a function most similar to the function of which cell structure? a) cell membrane b) vacuole c) ribosome d) nucleus

d (respiration and photosynthesis)

The diagram below represents a cross section of part of a leaf. Which life functions are directly regulated through feedback mechanisms associated with the actions of the structures labeled X (stomata)? a) excretion and immunity b) digestion and coordination c) circulation and reproduction d) respiration and photosynthesis

d (A-chloroplast, B-carbon dioxide, C-water, D-glucose)

The diagram below represents a process that occurs in a structure of a specialized cell. (diagram shows light energy entering substance A, substance B and C combine into substance D and points to metabolic activity) a) A- ribosome, B- oxygen, C- carbon dioxide, D- water b) A- mitochondrion, B- water, C- oxygen, D- protein c) A- nucleus, B- nitrogen, C- carbon, D- starch d) A- chloroplast, B- carbon dioxide, C- water, D- glucose

a (carbon dioxide, water, and solar energy)

The diagram below represents an autotrophic cell. For the process of autotrophic nutrition, the arrow labeled A (entering the cell) would most likely represent the direction of movement of: a) carbon dioxide, water, and solar energy b) oxygen, glucose, and solar energy c) carbon dioxide, oxygen, and heat energy d) glucose, water, and heat energy

b (the process represented is photosynthesis and the primary source of energy for the process is the Sun)

The diagram below represents events associated with a biochemical process that occurs in some organisms. Which statement concerning this process is correct? a) the process represented is respiration and the primary source of energy for the process is the Sun b) the process represented is photosynthesis and the primary source of energy for the process is the Sun c) this process converts energy in organic compounds into solar energy which is released into the atmosphere d) this process uses solar energy to convert oxygen into carbon dioxide

a (autotrophs)

The dissolved carbon dioxide in a lake is used directly by: a) autotrophs b) parasites c) fungi d) decomposers

d (chloroplasts)

The equation below represents a summary of a biological process. carbon dioxide + water -> glucose + water + oxygen This process is completed in: a) mitochondria b) ribosomes c) cell membranes d) chloroplasts

a (the rate of photosynthesis is affected by variations in the light)

The graph below shows the results of an experiment in which a container of oxygen-using bacteria and strands of a green alga were exposed to light of different colors (graph shows the number of oxygen using bacteria is highest at red and violet and lowest at green light) Which statement best explains the results of this experiment? a) the rate of photosynthesis is affected by variations in the light b) in all environments light is a vital resource c) the activities of bacteria and algae are not related d) uneven numbers and types of species can upset ecosystem stability

a (CAM)

The graph could be illustarting which of the following processes? a) CAM b) Calvin-Benson cycle c) C4 photosynthesis d) Noncyclic photophosphorylation e) Photolysis

c (orange red and violet blue)

The graph represents the absorption spectrum of chlorophyll. The graph indicates the energy used in photosynthesis is most likely obtained from which regions of the spectrum? a) yellow and orange red b) violet blue and green c) orange red and violet blue d) green and yellow

a (oxygen)

The green aquatic plant represented in the diagram below was exposed to light for several hours. Which gas would most likely be found in the greatest amount in the bubbles? a) oxygen b) nitrogen c) ozone d) carbon dioxide

b (maintain homeostasis)

The leaves of a plant are dotted with openings known as stomata. When open, stomata allow the plant to exchange gases and allow moisture to evaporate, helping to draw water from the roots up into the plant. These activities help the plant to: a) produce light energy b) maintain homeostasis c) decompose organic matter d) synthesize materials

d (water from the soil and carbon dioxide from the air)

The mass of some corn plants at the end of their growth period was 6 tons per acre. Most of this mass was produced from: a) water and organic compounds absorbed from the soil b) minerals from the soil and oxygen from the air c) minerals and organic material absorbed from the soil d) water from the soil and carbon dioxide from the air

a (regulate the rate of gas exchange)

The photograph below shows a microscopic view of the lower surface of a leaf (picture of guard cells). What is the main function of the cells indicated by the black pointer? a) regulate the rate of gas exchange b) store food for winter dormancy c) undergo mitotic cell division d) give support to the veins in the leaf

a (photosynthetic rate)

The relative CO2 uptake is a measure of; a) photosynthetic rate b) light intensity c) water stress d) leaf size e) leaf temperature

6, 18, 12

To synthesize one glucose, the Calvin cycle uses __________ molecules of CO2, ___________ molecules of ATP, and _________ molecules of NADPH

e (NADP+ in the light reactions and O2 in respiration)

What are the final electron acceptors for the electron transport chains in the light reactions of photosynthesis and in cellular respiration? a) O2 in both b) CO2 in both c) H2O in light reactions and O2 in respiration d) P700 and NAD in the light reactions and NAD+ or FAD in respiration e) NADP+ in the light reactions and O2 in respiration

1) Protects plants from damage due to overexposure to light. The buildup of the light reactions could otherwise damage the plant when they build up due to low CO2 levels 2) The early atmosphere contained very little oxygen so it is hypothesized that the early evolution of rubisco was not influenced by its lack of discrimination between oxygen and CO2

What are two possible explanations for photorespiration, a process that can result in the loss of as much as 50% of the carbon fixed in the Calvin cycle?

3 factors: 1) solubility of pigment (more soluble, travels farther- has affinity with solvent) 2) charges of pigment (more charges, travels less- attracted to paper) 3) particle size/molecular weight of pigment (heaver, travels less)

What determines where each pigment "gets left" on the chromatography paper? (LAB)

d (adds CO2 to RuBP in the carbon fixation stage)

What does rubisco do? a) reduces CO2 to G3P b) regenerates RuBP with the aid of ATP c) combines electrons and H+ to reduce NADP+ to NADPH d) adds CO2 to RuBP in the carbon fixation stage e) transfers electrons from NADPH to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to produce G3P

Photorespiration is a wasteful process when rubisco binds to O2 instead of CO2. The O2 enters the Calvin cycle and takes away carbon that would have been synthesized into sugar. It consumes ATP. C4 plants avoid this harmful process by fixing their carbon into a 4 carbon cmpd (OAA) and then converting it to malate, which enters the bundle sheath cells to split into CO2 and pyruvate. By keeping the carbon fixation in a separate cell (mesophyll cells), the compound enters the bundle sheath cells to enter the Calvin cycle. This ensures that O2 doesn't have the chance to encounter Rubisco (no chance of entering the calvin cycle, therefore avoiding photorespiration).

What is photorespiration and how do C4 plants avoid it?

PS1 -> Fd -> ETC -> PS1

What is the flow of cyclic electron flow?

The baking soda provides the CO2 that the leaf needs for photosynthesis

What is the purpose of the baking soda during the leaf disc experiment?

e (thylakoid space)

What portion of an illuminated plant cell would you expect to have the lowest pH? a) nucleus b) cytosol c) chloroplast d) stroma of chloroplast e) thylakoid space

b (carotenoids)

When deciduous trees drop their leaves in the fall, the leaves turn to various shades of red, orange, and yellow. The source of these colors is: a) chlorophyll b) carotenoids c) ATP d) fungal growth e) natural decay of cell walls

Mesophyll cells- light reactions Bundle sheath cells- Calvin cycle

Where does each process of photosynthesis occur in C4 plants?

d (light energy is converted into the chemical energy of organic molecules)

Which activity occurs in the process of photosynthesis? a) chemical energy from organic molecules is coverted into light energy b) organic molecules are obtained from the environment c) organic molecules are converted into inorganic food molecules d) light energy is converted into the chemical energy of organic molecules

b (photosynthesis)

Which biological process is the main source of atmospheric oxygen? a) respiration b) photosynthesis c) hydrolysis d) synthesis

d (ATP synthase- double membrane surrounding chloroplast)

Which of the following is mismatched with its location? a) light reactions- grana b) electron transport chain- thylakoid membrane c) calvin cycle- stroma d) ATP synthase- double membrane surrounding chloroplast e) splitting of water- thylakoid space

d (the sun)

Which of the following is the original source of all energy used by nearly all organisms on earth? a) ATP b) plants c) heat d) the sun e) water

e (starch)

Which of the following molecules contains the most stored energy? a) ADP b) ATP c) NADPH d) glucose e) starch

d (chlorophyll is found in the membranes of thylakoids)

Which of the following statements about photosynthetic pigments is true? a) there is only one kind of chlorophyll b) chlorophyll absorbs mostly green light c) chlorophyll is required in the calvin-benson cycle d) chlorophyll is found in the membranes of thylakoids e) P700 is a carotenoid pigment

d (in both photosynthetic prokaryotes and eukarotes, ATP synthases catalyze the production of ATP within the cytoplasm of the cell)

Which of the following statements is false? a) when isolated chlorophyll molecules absorb photons, their electrons fall back to ground state, giving off heat and light b) accessory pigments, cyclic electron flow, and photorespiration may all contribute to photoprotection, protecting plants from the detrimental effects of intense light c) in the cyclic electron flow, of purple sulfur bacteria, the electron transport chain would pump H+ across the plasma membrane from inside to outside the cell d) in both photosynthetic prokaryotes and eukaryotes, ATP synthases catalyze the production of ATP within the cytoplasm of the cell e) in sulfur bacteria, H2S provides the hydrogen (and thus electron) source for photosynthesis

c (an apple tree making its own food)

Which phrase is an example of autotrophic nutrition? a) a cow eating grass in a field b) a mushroom digesting a dead log c) an apple tree making its own food d) a tapeworm feeding in the body of a dog

b (increased concentration of glucose in leaf cells)

Which phrase, if placed in box X, would correctly complete the flowchart shown below? Exposed to sunlight --> increased use of CO2 --> X a) increased use of starch in root cells b) increased concentration of glucose in leaf cells c) decreased ATP in root cells d) decreased concentration of oxygen in leaf cells

c (guard cells change the size of leaf openings, regulating the exchange of gases)

Which process illustrates a feedback mechanism in plants? a) chloroplasts take in more nitrogen, which increases the rate of photosynthesis b) chloroplasts release more oxygen in response to a decreased rate of photosynthesis c) guard cells change the size of leaf openings, regulating the exchange of gases d) guard cells release oxygen from the leaf at night

b (photosynthesis)

Which process is directly used by autotrophs to store energy in glucose? a) diffusion b) photosynthesis c) respiration d) active transport

d (autotrophic nutrition)

Which process usually uses carbon dioxide molecules? a) cellular respiration b) asexual reproduction c) active transport d) autotrophic nutrition

c (A: photosynthesis, B: organic molecules, C: respiration)

Which set of terms best identifies the letters in the diagram below? light energy -- is captured in the process of-- A) ________ --- which stores energy in ---> B) ________ --to be used in the process of-- C) _______ a) A: photosynthesis B: inorganic molecules C: decomposition b) A: respiration B: organic molecules C: digestion c) A: photosynthesis B: organic molecules C: respiration d) A: respiration B: inorganic molecules C: photosynthesis

d (leaf B contains more starch than leaf A)

Which statement best describes the starch content of two leaves taken from the same plant shown in the chart below? Leaf A: taken from plant in the dark for 48 hours Leaf B: taken from plant in bright light for 48 hours a) neither leaf contains starch b) both leaves contain the same amount of starch c) leaf A contains more starch than leaf B d) leaf B contains more starch than leaf A

c (they affect the rate of chemical reactions)

Which statement describes all enzymes? a) they control the transport of materials b) they provide the energy for chemical reactions c) they affect the rate of chemical reactions d) they absorb oxygen from the environment

Electrons from from P680 (PS2) aren't passed to P700 (PS1) and without them, water is not split, meaning NADPH cannot form from NADP+. Without the splitting of H2O, there is no release of oxygen as a waste gas.

Why is neither oxygen nor NADPH generated by cyclic electron flow?

thylakoid space side (H+ flows from stroma to thylakoid space, making the thylakoid space more acidic/lower pH)

a) In the light, the proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane is as great as 3 pH units. On which side is the pH lowest?

E (C4 photosynthesis)

a) cyclic photophosphorylation b) noncyclic photophosphorylation c) photolysis d) calvin-benson cycle e) C4 photosynthesis A metabolic pathway that involves movement of substances between two kinds of cells

D (calvin-benson cycle)

a) cyclic photophosphorylation b) noncyclic photophosphorylation c) photolysis d) calvin-benson cycle e) C4 photosynthesis Occurs in the stroma of a chloroplast

C/B (photolysis and noncyclic photophosphorylation)

a) cyclic photophosphorylation b) noncyclic photophosphorylation c) photolysis d) calvin-benson cycle e) C4 photosynthesis Releases oxygen

B (noncyclic photophosphorylation)

a) cyclic photophosphorylation b) noncyclic photophosphorylation c) photolysis d) calvin-benson cycle e) C4 photosynthesis Stores energy obtained from light into NADPH

C (photolysis)

a) cyclic photophosphorylation b) noncyclic photophosphorylation c) photolysis d) calvin-benson cycle e) C4 photosynthesis The ultimate source of electrons used in making a molecule of glucose

1) splitting of H2O in thylakoid space- [H+] in thylakoid space 2) transport of [H+] into thylakoid space by proton pump powered by ETC 3) depletion of [H+] into the stroma outside the thylakoid space by NADP+ reduction to NADPH

b) What three factors contribute to the formation of this large difference in H+ concentration between the thylakoid space and the stroma?