AP Comp Gov Nigeria
Yoruba
ethnic group of Southwestern and North central Nigeria as well as Southern and Central Benin in West Africa. 20% of Nigeria's population. About evenly split between Muslims and Christains.
patrimonialism
form of governance in which all power flows directly from the leader.
Olusegun Obasanjo
former Nigerian Army general who was President of Nigeria from 1999 to 2007. Yoruba descent.
rule of law
legal principle that law should govern a nation
military in government
military officers controlling Nigerian government
Transparency International
non-governmental organization that monitors and publicizes corporate and political corruption in international development.
MEND
one of the largest militant groups in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The organization claims to expose exploitation and oppression of the people of the Niger Delta and devastation of the natural environment by public-private partnerships between the Federal Government of Nigeria and corporations involved in the production of oil in the Niger Delta.
state corporatism
political culture and a form of corporatism whose adherents hold that the corporate group which is the basis of society is the state. The state requires all members of a particular economic sector to join an officially designated interest group.
Oyo
A former Yoruba empire that covered parts of modern-day Nigeria and Benin
corporatism
A method of co-optation whereby authoritarian systems create or sanction a limited number of organizations to represent the interests of the public and restrict those not set up or approved by the state.
constitutionalism
Adherence to a system of constitutional government. More or less has not happened in Nigeria.
civil society
Aggregate of non-governmental organizations and institutions that manifest interests and will of citizens. In Nigeria, the government has tried to control all aspects of life but these still form usually on the basis of ethnic or religious lines.
revenue sharing
Allowing the entire country to benefit from the off-shore oil profits.
para-statals
Company owned or controlled wholly or partly by the government.
Kanuri
Ethnic group predominant in northeast Nigeria. Most members are adherents to Islam.
Congress for Progressive Change (CPC)
Formed in 2009 by Muhammadu Buhari to prepare for 2011 elections. Split from ANPP because ANPP supported Yar'Adua. Eventually merged with several parties to become APC.
Goodluck Jonathan
Former president of Nigeria from 2010-2015. Southern Christain. PDP member.
national question
How the country should be governed or if Nigeria should even remain as one nation.
Ken Saro Wiwa
Human rights and environmental activist. Founder of Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People (MOSOP). Executed by Abacha in 1995.
jihad
Islamic term referring to the religious duty of Muslims to maintain the religion.
Igbo
Large, Christain ethnic group of southeastern Nigeria. (Live predominantly in the red zone).
Hausa-Fulani
Largest ethnic group in the north. Tend to be adherents of Islam.
military in barracks
Military that fulfills traditional duties of military like protect from foreign enemies.
Umaru Yar'Adua
Muslim president of Nigeria from 2007 to 2010. PDP. Died in office.
kinship based politics
Predominant in the south where political organzation typically does not go far beyond village level.
plurality vote
electoral process in which the candidate who polls more votes than any other candidate is elected.
INEC
electoral body which was set up to oversee elections in Nigeria.
Muhammud Buhari
President of Nigeria. He is a retired Nigerian Army major general and was Head of State of Nigeria from 31 December 1983 to 27 August 1985, after taking power in a military coup d'état. Muslim from the north.
federal character
Principle that recognizes people of all ethnicities, religions, and regions, and takes their needs into account.
structural adjustment program
Program under Babangida that sought to diversify Nigerian economy to reduce dependence on oil.
Ibrahim Babangida
Retired Nigerian Army General who was President of Nigeria under military rule. He ruled Nigeria from August 27, 1985, when he overthrew Major General Muhammadu Buhari in a coup, until his departure from office on August 27, 1993, having annulled the elections held on June 12 that year. __________ was a key player in most of the military coups in Nigeria (July 1966, February 1976, December 1983, August 1985, December 1985 and April 1990).
loyalty pyramid
Senior government officials are supported by a broader base of loyal junior officials.
informal economy
Unreported incomes from small-scale trade and subsistence agriculture.
true federalism movement
Want for government to devolve more power to local level. Not wanted by north because will reduce amount of oil money the north receives.
rent seeking (rents)
When a company, organization or individual uses their resources to obtain an economic gain from others without reciprocating any benefits back to society through wealth creation.
Sani Abacha
_________ was a Nigerian Army general and politician who served as the de facto President of Nigeria from 1993 to 1998. _________ 's regime is controversial: although it saw dramatic economic growth, there was widespread human-rights abuse.
Atiku Abubakar
__________ is a Nigerian politician, businessman and philanthropist, who served as the second elected Vice-President of Nigeria from 1999 to 2007, on the platform of the People's Democratic Party, with President Olusegun Obasanjo. Muslim from the north.
Biafra
a secessionist state in south eastern Nigeria that existed from 30 May 1967 to 15 January 1970.
Boko Haram
an Islamic extremist group based in northeastern Nigeria.
Ife
an ancient Yoruba city in southwestern Nigeria. The city is located in the present day Osun State.
Power Holding Company
an organisation governing the use of electricity in Nigeria.
nongovernmental organizations
an organization that is neither a part of a government nor a conventional for-profit business.
National Assembly
bicameral legislature established under section 4 of the Nigerian Constitution. It consists of a Senate and a 360-member House of Representatives.
PDP
political party in Nigeria. Its policies generally lie towards the centre-right of the political spectrum. It won every Presidential election between 1999 and 2011, and was until the 2015 elections, the governing party in the Fourth Republic.
prebendalism
political systems where elected officials, and government workers feel they have a right to a share of government revenues, and use them to benefit their supporters, co-religionists and members of their ethnic group.
cultural diffusion
spread of cultural beliefs and social activities from one group to another.
indirect rule
system of governance used by the British and French to control parts of their colonial empires, particularly in Africa and Asia, through preexisting local power structures.
sharia
the basic Islamic legal system derived from the religious precepts of Islam.
Sokoto Caliphate
was an independent Islamic Caliphate, in Northern Nigeria. Abolished when the British defeated the caliph in 1903 and put the area under the Northern Nigeria Protectorate.