AP Comp Gov Nigeria

Yoruba

ethnic group of Southwestern and North central Nigeria as well as Southern and Central Benin in West Africa. 20% of Nigeria's population. About evenly split between Muslims and Christains.

patrimonialism

form of governance in which all power flows directly from the leader.

Olusegun Obasanjo

former Nigerian Army general who was President of Nigeria from 1999 to 2007. Yoruba descent.

rule of law

legal principle that law should govern a nation

military in government

military officers controlling Nigerian government

Transparency International

non-governmental organization that monitors and publicizes corporate and political corruption in international development.

MEND

one of the largest militant groups in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The organization claims to expose exploitation and oppression of the people of the Niger Delta and devastation of the natural environment by public-private partnerships between the Federal Government of Nigeria and corporations involved in the production of oil in the Niger Delta.

state corporatism

political culture and a form of corporatism whose adherents hold that the corporate group which is the basis of society is the state. The state requires all members of a particular economic sector to join an officially designated interest group.

Oyo

A former Yoruba empire that covered parts of modern-day Nigeria and Benin

corporatism

A method of co-optation whereby authoritarian systems create or sanction a limited number of organizations to represent the interests of the public and restrict those not set up or approved by the state.

constitutionalism

Adherence to a system of constitutional government. More or less has not happened in Nigeria.

civil society

Aggregate of non-governmental organizations and institutions that manifest interests and will of citizens. In Nigeria, the government has tried to control all aspects of life but these still form usually on the basis of ethnic or religious lines.

revenue sharing

Allowing the entire country to benefit from the off-shore oil profits.

para-statals

Company owned or controlled wholly or partly by the government.

Kanuri

Ethnic group predominant in northeast Nigeria. Most members are adherents to Islam.

Congress for Progressive Change (CPC)

Formed in 2009 by Muhammadu Buhari to prepare for 2011 elections. Split from ANPP because ANPP supported Yar'Adua. Eventually merged with several parties to become APC.

Goodluck Jonathan

Former president of Nigeria from 2010-2015. Southern Christain. PDP member.

national question

How the country should be governed or if Nigeria should even remain as one nation.

Ken Saro Wiwa

Human rights and environmental activist. Founder of Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People (MOSOP). Executed by Abacha in 1995.

jihad

Islamic term referring to the religious duty of Muslims to maintain the religion.

Igbo

Large, Christain ethnic group of southeastern Nigeria. (Live predominantly in the red zone).

Hausa-Fulani

Largest ethnic group in the north. Tend to be adherents of Islam.

military in barracks

Military that fulfills traditional duties of military like protect from foreign enemies.

Umaru Yar'Adua

Muslim president of Nigeria from 2007 to 2010. PDP. Died in office.

kinship based politics

Predominant in the south where political organzation typically does not go far beyond village level.

plurality vote

electoral process in which the candidate who polls more votes than any other candidate is elected.

INEC

electoral body which was set up to oversee elections in Nigeria.

Muhammud Buhari

President of Nigeria. He is a retired Nigerian Army major general and was Head of State of Nigeria from 31 December 1983 to 27 August 1985, after taking power in a military coup d'état. Muslim from the north.

federal character

Principle that recognizes people of all ethnicities, religions, and regions, and takes their needs into account.

structural adjustment program

Program under Babangida that sought to diversify Nigerian economy to reduce dependence on oil.

Ibrahim Babangida

Retired Nigerian Army General who was President of Nigeria under military rule. He ruled Nigeria from August 27, 1985, when he overthrew Major General Muhammadu Buhari in a coup, until his departure from office on August 27, 1993, having annulled the elections held on June 12 that year. __________ was a key player in most of the military coups in Nigeria (July 1966, February 1976, December 1983, August 1985, December 1985 and April 1990).

loyalty pyramid

Senior government officials are supported by a broader base of loyal junior officials.

informal economy

Unreported incomes from small-scale trade and subsistence agriculture.

true federalism movement

Want for government to devolve more power to local level. Not wanted by north because will reduce amount of oil money the north receives.

rent seeking (rents)

When a company, organization or individual uses their resources to obtain an economic gain from others without reciprocating any benefits back to society through wealth creation.

Sani Abacha

_________ was a Nigerian Army general and politician who served as the de facto President of Nigeria from 1993 to 1998. _________ 's regime is controversial: although it saw dramatic economic growth, there was widespread human-rights abuse.

Atiku Abubakar

__________ is a Nigerian politician, businessman and philanthropist, who served as the second elected Vice-President of Nigeria from 1999 to 2007, on the platform of the People's Democratic Party, with President Olusegun Obasanjo. Muslim from the north.

Biafra

a secessionist state in south eastern Nigeria that existed from 30 May 1967 to 15 January 1970.

Boko Haram

an Islamic extremist group based in northeastern Nigeria.

Ife

an ancient Yoruba city in southwestern Nigeria. The city is located in the present day Osun State.

Power Holding Company

an organisation governing the use of electricity in Nigeria.

nongovernmental organizations

an organization that is neither a part of a government nor a conventional for-profit business.

National Assembly

bicameral legislature established under section 4 of the Nigerian Constitution. It consists of a Senate and a 360-member House of Representatives.

PDP

political party in Nigeria. Its policies generally lie towards the centre-right of the political spectrum. It won every Presidential election between 1999 and 2011, and was until the 2015 elections, the governing party in the Fourth Republic.

prebendalism

political systems where elected officials, and government workers feel they have a right to a share of government revenues, and use them to benefit their supporters, co-religionists and members of their ethnic group.

cultural diffusion

spread of cultural beliefs and social activities from one group to another.

indirect rule

system of governance used by the British and French to control parts of their colonial empires, particularly in Africa and Asia, through preexisting local power structures.

sharia

the basic Islamic legal system derived from the religious precepts of Islam.

Sokoto Caliphate

was an independent Islamic Caliphate, in Northern Nigeria. Abolished when the British defeated the caliph in 1903 and put the area under the Northern Nigeria Protectorate.