AP Environmental Science
Haitain farmers are buying mango tree saplings for $10 each, and the full-grown trees produce $75 of fruit each year. If a farmer wishes to earn $1500 per year when the trees are grown, how much will the farmer have to spend on saplings?
$200
Explain how a decrease in velvet mesquite trees in this ecosystem would affect the hydrologic cycle.
A decrease in velvet mesquite trees in this ecosystem would affect the hydrologic cycle because it would affect transpiration. Transpiration is a process that helps form the water cycle. It occurs when the plant roots absorb water into the soil, then the water travels from the roots to the leaves, and then the water evaporates on the surface of the leaves into the air. If there was a decrease in mesquite trees, less water would evaporate into the air, and there would be less precipitation.
Which of the best definition of an adaption?
A trait created by natural selection
Given the semiarid climate in Arizona, describe why flood irrigation may not be the best choice.
Flood irrigation may not be the best choice because the crops could die out due to receiving too much water. The crops would harvest less crops as a result.
Describe specifically why Arizona farmers might use furrow irrigation over other irrigation techniques.
Furrow irrigation is an irrigation method where water is laid out in channels in a way where gravity plays the role of providing the right amount of water so plants could grow. Arizona farmers might use furrow irrigation over other irrigation techniques because the plants would get the right amount of water, so they wouldn't die due to lack of water or flooding.
The change in the genetic composition of a population over time due to random mating is called
Genetic drift
Human construction of buildings and pavement affect the hydrological cycle by I. increasing runoff II. increasing evaporation III. increasing percolation
I and III only
In addition to temperature, a terrestrial biome is defined by I. annual percipitation II. distinctive animal species III. distinctive plant species
I and III only
Which of the following processes create genetic diversity in a population? I. Mutation II. Allele division III. Recombination
I and III only
Permafrost is an important factor in which of the following biomes? I. Tundra II. Boreal forest III. Cold desert
I only
Identify a hypothesis for the investigation.
If the farmer uses an insecticide, the alfalfa yields will increase. If the farmer does not use any form of pest control method, the alfalfa yields will decrease.
Which of the following processes is also known as ammonification?
Mineralization
Describe the relationship between nitrogen-fixing bacteria and velvet mesquite trees.
Nitrogen fixing bacteria are capable of transforming nitrogen gas from the atmosphere into fixed nitrogen compounds that are used by plants. Plants such as mesquite trees can use nitrogen compounds for growth.
Based on the information in the diagram, identify a primary consumer.
One primary consumer in the diagram is the pallid-winged grasshopper. They feed off of brittlebush and plants, which makes them a primary consumer because primary consumers only feed off of plants.
Acid rain is associated with which geochemical cycle?
Sulfur
Plant growth in which of the following biomes is primarily constrained by precipitation?
Temperate grassland
Which of the following biomes has the highest soil nutrient levels?
Temperate seasonal forest
If three additional plots D-F became available, explain how the farmer could modify the investigation to increase the reliability of the results.
The farmer could use two plots for one method of pest control to see how the results vary, and if the results for one pest control are consistent or inconsistent.
In a particular zoo the population of spider monkeys has a higher proportion of individuals with light golden brown fur than spider monkeys in the wild. If the monkeys were recently captured from the wild and if fur color is largely determined by genetics, what evolutionary process is at work?
The founder effect
Which evolutionary effect results in reduced genetic variation in a community?
The founder effect
Identify the independent variable for the investigation.
The independent variable is the method of pest control used.
Based on the information in the diagram, describe how an increase in the grasshopper mouse population would affect lower trophic levels in the short term.
The plants in the lower trophic levels would decrease because there would be more grasshoppers that would be eating them.
Based on the information in the diagram, identify a K-selected species
The red-tailed hawk is a k-selected species. They have a slow growth rate, which causes the population to reach capacity slowly.
Phosphorus
is easily lost from soils due to leaching
Which one of the following is fixed from the atmosphere by bacteria?
nitrogen
A phenotype is
the set of traits expressed in an individual
The percipitation line below the temperature line in a climate diagram shows
when plant growth will be limited by precipitation
