AP environmental science unit 1

as a component of animal cell membranes

A function of cholesterol that does not harm health is its role _____.

a positive region of one water molecule to a negative region of another water molecule

A hydrogen bond connects ________.

+2

An atom has 3 electrons, 5 protons, and 3 neutrons. What is the atom's charge?

8

An atom has 4 electrons, 5 protons, and 3 neutrons. What is the atom's mass number?

sediment

Based on the diagram, which of the following reservoirs contains the most phosphorus?

increase in number of shrews, decrease in number of hawks

Based on the data in the table, if the number of snakes were to suddenly decrease, which of the following changes would most likely occur in the food web of this ecosystem? (A)increase in number of shrews decrease in number of hawks(B)increase in number of hawks decrease in number of shrews(C)increase in number of grasshoppers decrease in number of plants(D)increase in number of spiders decrease in number of plants

Photosynthesis

Based on the diagram above, which of the following processes reduces the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?

lipids, saturated, solid, unsaturated, double, liquid

Butter and oil are examples of ______ . Butter is a ______ fat and it contains sidle bonds, which makes it _____ at room temperature. Oils are _________ fats and they contain _____ bonds, which make it _________ at room temperature

Hawks and snakes

ConsumerOrganisms that are being eaten Shrews Hawks Grasshoppers Snakes Spiders Plants Shrews X Hawks X X Grasshoppers X SnakesX Spider X Based on the data in the table, which of the following pairs of organisms has two ecological relationships, both competition and predation?

share electrons

Covalent bonds are bonds that

light

Where do plants get the energy to make organic molecules?

Ice caps and glaciers

Where is the majority of fresh water found on Earth?

Resource partitioning of the seeds reduces competition, and the five different species can live in the same tree.

Five different species of warblers, seed-eating birds, live in the same species of conifer trees. All of the birds migrate to coniferous forests during the summer, and different species reside in different areas in the same tree. They feed on the seeds of the conifer trees, but the different species do not mate with each other. Which of the following best explains why the different warbler species can all have habitats in the same conifer trees? Niche overlap occurs between the five different species, and living in the same tree increases competition for seeds. Not all the warblers are residents in the forest at the same time of the year because of different migration patterns. Physiological differences in beak structure allow the warblers to consume different species of seeds through symbiotic relationships. Resource partitioning of the seeds reduces competition, and the five different species can live in the same tree.

a polysaccharide found in animals

Glycogen is _____.

The chance of survival decreases when there is intraspecific competition for resources among surviving yearlings.

In a fish species, the number of eggs that hatch and survive for one year varies depending on the number of eggs that were produced. As the number of eggs produced increases past a threshold number, the survival rate of the offspring decreases. Which of the following statements best explains why only a limited number of offspring can survive in a fish population?

150 kcal

In a given ecosystem, producers convert solar energy into 15,000 kcal of chemical energy stored in organic compounds. Which of the following is the most likely amount of energy available to secondary consumers?

3

In the nitrogen cycle illustrated above, nitrification occurs in which of the following steps?

Proteins

Of the following macromolecules, which is synthesized according to directions carried by DNA?

Forest A has a higher rate of decomposition by bacteria than forest B.

Scientists calculated the net primary productivity at two different forest sites. Both forests have the same gross primary productivity. Forest A has a net primary productivity of 1,650 kcal/m2/year and forest B has a net primary productivity of 1,110 kcal/m2/year. Which of the following statements is best supported by the data?

B

Which letter correctly identifies a process of the hydrologic cycle in which the phase of water is changed from a liquid to a gas?

Increased infiltration

The diagrams above show an area that was once a pasture that has since undergone changes to the vegetation over time. Which of the following changes in the hydrologic cycle is most likely to occur as a result of the change in vegetation in the area?

4

This atom can form up to _____ single covalent bond(s).

Desert

This biome contains plants that are adapted to prevent water loss due to the low average rainfall and high temperatures year-round.

Savanna

This biome is characterized by long dry seasons and is dominated by grasses, shrubs, and grazing animals.

saturated fat

This figure is an example of a(n) _____.

phospholipid

What type of lipid is the main water-insoluble component in a cell-membrane?

carbon dioxide

Where do plants get the carbon they use to make organic molecules?

D

Which letter correctly identifies the part of the hydrologic cycle that is most directly affected by impervious building materials, such as concrete and asphalt?

Intestinal bacteria inhabit the gut of humans.

Which of the following best describes a symbiotic relationship?

Gross primary productivity is the total amount of solar energy captured by producers through photosynthesis over time.

Which of the following best describes gross primary productivity in an ecosystem?

Energy is harnessed by producers, and available energy decreases with each trophic level transfer.

Which of the following best describes the movement of energy in an ecosystem?

Net primary productivity is the amount of energy lost through respiration by producers subtracted from the gross primary productivity of an ecosystem.

Which of the following best describes the net primary productivity of an ecosystem?

A large proportion of energy is lost as heat as it is transferred up the pyramid, so there is not enough energy available to support another level.

Which of the following best explains why terrestrial trophic pyramids usually do not have levels higher than tertiary consumers?

Decomposers

Which of the following categories of organisms, which are required for the cycling of matter in an ecosystem, is missing from the table?

There is not a gaseous phase of the phosphorus cycle, and therefore the movement of phosphorus into oceanic reservoirs is very slow.

Which of the following is the best explanation for why there is such a small amount of phosphorus that moves into aquatic systems?

the ocean

Which of the following major storage reservoirs of carbon, stored in the form of carbon dioxide, is not represented in this diagram?

Horse

Which of the following organisms is an hetertroph? horse pine tree hardwood tree none of the above

electron

Which of the following parts of an atom has a negative charge?

Denitrifying bacteria and volcanic activity

Which of the following pathways indicate how nitrogen is added to the largest nitrogen reservoir?

Phosphorus and nitrogen are both required for plant growth.

Which of the following would best describe X in the diagram above?

RNA

Which of these is NOT a lipid? phospholipid cholesterol RNA steroids wax

celluose

Which of these is a polysaccharide?

olive oil

Which of these is rich in unsaturated fats? beef fat lard butter olive oil

fats

Which of these provides your body with energy?