Ap Euro all multiple choice questions
Great Britain
Which European country led the way in the legalization of unions?
Europe
Which region increased its wealth and power relative to the rest of the world in the nineteenth century?
50 million
According to the best estimates, about how many people died in the Second World War?
Reestablished a harsh dictatorship
After the Second World War, the Soviet Union
A British policy that aimed to give Hitler whatever he wanted to avoid war
As practiced in the 1930s, appeasement was
The Soviet army already occupied much of Eastern Europe
At the time of Yalta Conference in 1945, why was the position to the Soviet Union much stronger in negotiations with the United States and Great Britain?
Cut taxes and ballooned the government deficit
Between 1981 and 1989, Ronald Reagan and the U.S. Congress
Emerging as a radical reform Communist who embraced the democratic movement and led Russia to declare independence from the Soviet Union
Boris Yeltsin's role in the disintegration of the Soviet Union included
1884
Britain enacted near-universal adult male suffrage in what year?
Russian peasants were seizing land in a grassroots agrarian upheaval
By the summer of 1917, what was the situation in the Russian countryside?
Economic and technological transformation
Changes in the structure if European society after the Second World War were primarily the result of
It was the last major effort to drive the British out of India by military force
Describe the Great Rebellion (1857-1858)
The Catholic Church
Gabriel Marcel found the answer to the postwar broken world in
By cutting government spending and squeezing wages and prices
How did German chancellor Heinrich Bruning try to cope with the Great Depression in the early 1930s?
He promised to expropriate land from the large landowners
How did Mao Zedong gain the support of the peasantry in China?
He left big business to regulate itself and never purged its members
How did Mussolini build support from big business in Italy?
The reforms created equality before the law for all citizens, which increased religious disputes and split the Muslims into secularist and traditionalist camps
How did Ottoman Empire efforts at reform in the hatter half of the nineteenth century undermine the empire's stability?
Not wanting to shoulder the blame, they insisted moderate politicians should take responsibility for the defeat
How did Paul von Hindenburg and Erich Ludendorff react to Germany's loss in the war in the fall of 1918
The government and people all embraced the war with patriotic enthusiasm
How did Russia meet the onset of World War I in 1914?
By setting production goals and limiting wages and prices, thus controlling the economy
How did governments during World War I intrude even further into people's daily lives than they had in the nineteenth century?
They were lower
How did real wages for workers and peasants in the USSR in 1937 compare with those in the Russian Empire in 1913?
They established puppet governments with collaborators wiling to rule the states in accord with German needs
How did the Nazis manage the Northern European states that they conquered?
It created coalition governments of leftist political parties but reserved key government posts for Moscow-trained Communists
How did the Soviet Union initially organize the Eastern European nations as it threw out pro-Nazi regimes?
Even though the Czech Communist Party had won significant electoral support, Stalin still orchestrated the overthrow of the government and establishment of a one-party Communist dictatorship
How did the Soviet Union's treatment of Czechoslovakia in 1948 demonstrate its intention to consolidate its hold on Eastern Europe?
It encouraged European nations to let go of their former colonies
How did the United States respond to the decolonization movement in the first years after the Second World War?
He offered the East Germans an economically advantageous swap of East German currency for West German currency?
How did the West German chancellor Helmut Kohl build support for German reunification in East Germany?
They invaded the two regions and defeated the independence movements
How did the Western powers react to the declarations of the independence by Syria and Iraq shortly following World War I?
As a sign that the war was not close to ending
How was the Tet Offensive, launched by the Vietcong in January 1968, perceived in the United States?
It became violent and bloody when Communist leaders ordered security forces to slaughter thousands
How was the revolution in Romania in 1989 different from the revolutions in the rest of Eastern Europe?
The Western World had overemphasized rationality and stifled the authentic passions that drive human activity and true creativity
In his philosophical writings, Fredrick Nietzsche argued that
Modern mass media such as cinema and radio
In the early 20th century, the traditional arts and amusements of people in villages and small towns was overshadowed by
An advocate of improved public transportation
In the nineteenth century, Edwin Chadwick gained fame as
Gallipoli
In which 1915 battle did the British unsuccessfully try to take the Dardanelles and Constantinople from the Ottoman Turks?
An ordinary man's aimless wanderings through the streets and pubs of Dublin
James Joyce's Ulysses weaves ironic parallels between the adventures of Homer's hero Ulysses and
A strong national leader whose efforts to provide jobs to stimulate the economy would serve all people, rich and poor
Louis Napoleon believed that national unity and social progress were best served by
Protestantism in Northern Europe
Max Weber, the most prominent and influential late-nineteenth century sociologist, argued that the rise of capitalism was directly linked to
The love affair of an adulterous middle-class housewife
The 1857 novel Madame Bouvary caused its author, Gustave Flaubert, to be prosecuted for outrage against public morality and religion because it portrayed
Further encourage mutual trust among the allies
The Allies adopted the principle of unconditional surrender of Germany and Japan in order to
the repression of liberal and revolutionary movements all over Europe
The Holy Alliance became a symbol of
Initiated a series of measures to reform Japan along modern lines
The Meiji Restoration restored the Japanese emperor to power in 1867 and
Increased demand for technologists and managers
The growth of the middle class in the postwar era has been attributed primarily to
A faith in the creativity and nobility of the people
The most important reasons for the linking of nationalism with liberalism or radical democratic republicanism was
Relied on high-tech and service-oriented jobs for economic growth rather than on heavy industry and manufacturing jobs
The postindustrial society that emerged at the end of the 1970s
Hiroshima
The target of the first two atomic bombs dropped on Japan in 1945 was
Would involve soldiers and civilians in a total national effort to win
The term "total war" is applied to World War I to capture the idea that the war
A small farmer or rural craftsperson
The typical European immigrant of the late 19th century was
To unify the states of northern and perhaps central Italy in an expanded kingdom of Sardinia
Until 1859, what was Cavour's goal?
Dramatic, colorful scenes that stirred emotions
What characteristic distinguished romantic painting?
Both engaged in state-controlled social engineering projects meant to replace individualism with unified "people"
What characteristics did Communist and fascist dictatorships?
It sent more goods and inventions to Europe than it received
What characterized China's trade with Europe in the centuries before the Industrial Revolution?
Nearly all land was used for buildings, which meant parts or open areas were almost nonexistent
What characterizes early-nineteenth century British cities?
Most could hire a full-time maid to cook and clean
What describes middle-class households of the nineteenth century?
Since there are no timeless or absolute truths, people must struggle to define their essence after they are born, completely on their own
What did Jean-Paul Sartre mean by the expression "existence precedes essence"?
Discover the inner meaning of bittersweet memories of childhood and youthful love
What did Marcel Proust attempt to do in his novel Remembrance of Things Past?
Gradually reduced American involvement in the Vietnam War
What did Richard Nixon do following his election to the U.S. presidency in 1968?
The acquisition of colonies was essential to Great Nations
What did the German historian Heinrich von Treitshcke argue about imperialism?
He emphasized free-market capitalism
What did the West German minister of the economy do in 1957 to foster economic growth?
To reconcile socialism with internal party democracy, in which local decision by trade unions, managers, and consumers would replace rigid bureaucratic planning
What did the leaders of the Prague Spring hope to accomplish Czechoslovakia?
They spent most of their lives as virtual slaves
What happened to most Chinese immigrants to Cuba?
They moved into skilled industrial jobs
What is one way that women became more visible in society during World War I?
The Cold War against the Soviet Union
What position did Christian Democrats across Europe endorse during the 1950s?
The repeal of the laws
What resulted from the Ladies National Association's protest against the British Contagious Diseases Act in the nineteenth century?
It forced German society to conform to National Socialist ideology
What was the Nazi Party policy of "coordination"?
A secret agreement by Britain and France to divide up former Ottoman territories
What was the Sykes-Picot Agreement of 1916?
The promotion of the "greatest good for the greatest number"
What was the basic principle of philosopher Jeremy Bentham's utilitarianism?
Only Soviet troops would liberate Eastern Europe
What was the consequence of Franklin D. Roosevelt's agreement with Joseph Stalin at the Teheran Conference that the British-American armies would launch a frontal assault on France?
It encouraged peasants to sell their surpluses in free markets and allowed private traders and small manufacturers to do business again
What was the effect of Lenin's New Economic Policy (NEP)?
His assertion that characteristics parents acquired in the course of their lives could be passed onto their offspring by heredity.
What was the flaw in Jean-Baptiste Lamarck's theory of evolution?
To establish that it held final political authority and that the army was responsible to it
What was the goal of the Prussian Parliament in the 1850s and 1860s?
Belgium quickly withdrew from the Congo, granting it independence with irresponsible haste
What was the outcome of the decolonization of the Belgian Congo?
It created a new class of property owners
What was the result of Margaret Thatcher's effort to encourage low and moderate income renters to but their apartments?
The creation of two separate German states: West and East
What was the result of breaking the Berlin blockade in 1948-49?
After Britain withdrew from Palestine in 1948
When did Jews in Palestine proclaim the state of Israel?
The murder of Germans with physical and mental disabilities prior to the war
Where did Nazi administrators initially gain experience in mass murder?
Stalingrad
Which battle was the decisive turning point in the clash between the Soviet Union and Germany?
The Catholic Church
Which institution did Otto von Bismarck's Kulturkampf target?
Neville Chamberlain
Which leader becomes the embodiment of appeasement in the lead up to the war?
Well below those in the West but well above those in the developing world
Which of the following described Eastern Bloc living standards in the 1970s?
Tadeusz Mazowiecki
Who was Poland's first non-Communist prime minister in 1989?
Leni Riefenstahl
Who was the director of Triumph of the Will, a brilliant piece of cinematic propaganda based on the 1934 Nazi Party rally at Nuremberg?
Betty Friedan
Who was the founder of the National Organization for Women?
He views the United States as the main threat to French independence
Why did Charles de Gaulle withdraw France from NATO?
To test the Anglo-French alliance and boost German influence over international affairs
Why did German Kaiser William II instigate the First Moroccan Crisis in 1905?
The higher incidence of marriage for expectant mothers
Why did illegitimacy rates decline after 1850?
They believed that only by copying some European achievements could they escape Western domination
Why did some non-Westerners become "modernizers" in the face of the new imperialism?
The passage of 1815 revisions to the Corn Laws
Why did the latent conflict in Britain between the aristocracy and the working class become an open conflict in 1815?
Japan
in 1904, Russian territorial ambitions in Asia led to war with which other country?