AP Euro: Chapter 19
What was guaranteed by the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen?
All men were created equal, freedom of the press and speech, end to exemption from taxes, access to public office based on talent, outlaw of arbitrary arrests
Concordat of 1801
An agreement: the Pope gained the right to depose French bishops, the Catholic Church was no longer an enemy of the French government, clergy would be paid by state, the accomplishments of the Revolution were acknowledged by the Pope, he agreed to raise no questions of Church lands confiscated during the Revolution, those who required Church property could keep it
What allowed the American colonists to win the American Revolution?
Assistance provided by foreign countries that were eager to gain revenge against Britain, France supplied arms and money, French officers and soldiers served in Washington's Continental Army
Who did the Legislative Assembly declare war upon in 1792?
Austria
The cahiers de doleances called for abolishing the fiscal privileges of the _____________ and the _____________.
Church, nobility
What was Napoleon's stance on the Catholic Church?
Devoid of any personal faith, came to terms with it in order to stabilize his regime
Battle of Austerlitz
Eastward from Ulm, Napoleon faced a large Russian army under Tsar Alexander I and some Austrian troops, the combined allied forces outnumbered Napoleon's forces, but the tsar chose poor terrain for the battle, and Napoleon devastated the allied forces, Austria sued for peace, Tsar Alexander took his remaining forces back to Russia
True or False: The National Assembly called for the legal defense of seigneurial rights throughout the country.
False
True or False: The National Convention established a calendar that kept most Christian Holidays.
False
True or False: The Reign of Terror was directed mainly against the Catholic clergy.
False
True or False: When the Estates General was called in 1789, they had to unanimously agree to vote by head.
False
True or False: the National Convention adopted measures to make the new republic more Christianized.
False
Why was Napoleon's invasion of Russia a failure?
Hope for victory depended on quickly meeting and defeating the Russian armies, but the Russian forces refused to give battle and retreated hundreds of miles while torching their own villages and countryside to prevent Napoleon's army from finding food and forage; tried to invade and fight in Russia during the wintertime
Who was head of the Committee of Public Safety and presided over the Reign of Terror?
Maximilien Robespierre
Who was allowed to vote by the French Constitution of 1791?
Men over the age of 25 paying taxes equivalent in value to three days' unskilled labor
Continental System
Napoleon's effort to bar British goods from the Continent in the hope of weakening Britain's economy and destroying its capacity to wage war
What did Napoleon expect from those within his empire?
Obedience and acceptance everywhere of certain revolutionary principles
What happened to Napoleon after his defeat in Russia?
Played the ruler on the island of Elba
Just prior to the start of the French Revolution, what happened to the number of poor in France?
Reached crisis proportions; almost one-third of the population
How did Napoleon impact French Civil Code?
Recognizing the principle of the equality of all citizens before the law, the right of individuals to choose their professions, religious toleration, the end of serfdom and feudalism
Where did they send Napoleon after his final defeat?
Saint Helena
How did Napoleon rise through the army?
Saved the National Convention from a rioting mob
Treaty of Tilsit
Signed by Napoleon and the rulers of Prussia and Austria at the beginning of July, ended the fighting and gave Napoleon the opportunity to create a new European order
What event proved that the ideas of the Enlightenment could be realized politically?
The American Revolution
What symbol of the monarchy was attacked on July 14, 1789?
The Bastille
Which government of the Revolution had to increasingly rely on military support for its survival?
The Directory
What was Napoleon's Grand Empire?
The French empire, a series of dependent states, and allied states
How did Nationalism help bring down Napoleon?
The French spread and aroused it in other countries, which aided in uprisings against Napoleon's rule
Who made up the First Estate in France?
The clergy
What hurt the king's attempt to stop the Revolution in July and August 1789?
The common people in a series of urban and rural uprisings
How did Napoleon destroy aspects of the French Revolution?
The creation of a new aristocracy, the strong protection accorded to property rights, and the use of conscription for the military make it clear much equality had been lost, liberty had been replaced by an initially benevolent despotism that grew increasingly arbitrary, shut down sixty of France's seventy-three newspapers and insisted that all manuscripts be subjected to government scrutiny before they were published, government police opened mail
Why did Louis XVI call the Estates General in 1789?
The government was on the verge of a complete financial collapse because they could not borrow any more money, but didn't want to raise taxes
What was the immediate cause of the French Revolution?
The near collapse of government finances
Who made up the Second Estate?
The nobility
60% of the victims of the Reign of Terror were _________________.
The peasant and laboring classes
Who made up the Third Estate?
The peasants
How did Napoleon use Prefects to implement taxation and other policies?
They oversee and supervise all aspects of a local government
Sieyes wrote "What is the Third Estate" to support the political demands of the ___________________.
Third Estate
Why did Britain need to tax the American colonies?
To pay for expenses the British army had incurred in defending the colonists
True or False: During the Directory, the economic regulations and controls adopted by the Committee of Public Safety were dropped in favor of more laissez-faire policies.
True
True or False: The National Convention in 1792 abolished the monarchy and established a republic.
True
True or False: The chief accomplishment of the National Convention was to preserve the revolution from being destroyed by foreign enemies.
True
True or False: The early stages of the radical revolution was controlled by the Mountain.
True
Once the Estates General arrived in Versailles, what did the Third Estate demand?
Voting by head
What was the one issue that divided the Estates General in June and July 1789?
Voting by head or by order
Where was Napoleon's final defeat?
Waterloo, Belgium
How did Napoleon's rule impact women?
Women were now "less equal than men", their property came under the control of their husbands when they married, they were treated as minors in lawsuits, their testimony was regarded as less reliable than that of men
What was the French revolutionary slogan?
"liberty, equality, fraternity"