AP EURO FINAL

Groups of nobles who roamed the english countryside stealing from the rich and poor and demanding protection money

"Fur-collar crime" refers to...

The almanac, the chapbook, fairy tales/medieval romances/fantastic adventures, practical literature on rural crafts

As literacy expanded among the common people, what was the staple of popular literature other than the bible?

Oligarchies of wealthy business families

By 1300, most of the italian city-states were ruled by either signori or...

The first partition of poland in 1772

Catherine the great's goal of domestic reform never came to fruition, owing to...

wanted to stop the French monarchy's centralizing efforts

During the hundred years' war, the english kings were supported by some french barons because the latter...

The humanist challenge to the institutional power of the catholic church

Erasmus' critique of the clergy was most clearly influenced by which of the following historical developments at the time he wrote in praise of folly?

A just price- one that was fair to both consumers and producers

Europeans believed gain and bread should be available at...

He failed repeatedly to keep his promise of working with parliament

For what reason was a sentence of death imposed on king charles I?

To visit the grace of st thomas becket at canterbury cathedral

Geoffrey chaucer wrote the canterbury tales in the late 1300s. Where were the pilgrims in his story headed?

Questioning of social norms, by exposing europeans to non-european perspectives

Given the type of publication, diderot most likely hoped that his story would cause...

Arthur young

He argued for the benefits of enclosure in england because he believed it would lead to increased agricultural outputs

The necessity to provide for a densely populated country

Holland's leadership in farming methodology can be attributed to...

He came to power in florence denouncing vice and corruption, but as people tired of of his moral denunciations, he lost authority

How could you characterize girolamo savonarola?

The ability to shape the world around oneself according to one's will

How could you characterize the renaissance idea of virtu?

Colonial officials encouraged french traders to form ties with and marry native women

How did french colonies respond to the problem of the low migration levels from france?

Humans, lacking a fixed place, were the one part of the created world that could freely choose t o rise the heavens or sink into the realm of animals

How did pico della mirandola understand the uniqueness of humankind?

The political leaders of the territory or region determined whether to introduce reforms

How did the choice to embrace or reject the reform movement occur in a territory or region in the holy roman empire after the peace of augsburg was passed in 1555?

King richard II met the leaders of the revolt, agreed to charters protecting peasants' freedoms, but then tricked them and crushed the revolt with terrible ferocity

How did the english peasant revolt of 1381 end?

As the educated public adopted the enlightenment's critical worldview, they increasingly saw popular culture as superstitious and vulgar

How did the enlightenment affect attitudes toward popular culture?

Large-scale armed conflicts over religious faith came to an end

How did the peace of westphalia mark a turning point in european history?

It is a deeply Christian poem but also harshly criticizes some church officials

How does dante's divine comedy demonstrate the tensions of the fourteenth century?

Most goods were created by guilds or by capitalist investors who hired households to performs steps in the production process

How was much of the production of goods orgnanized in the 1300s and 1400s in western europe?

Through the development of their shipping industry and maintaining low rates to ship goods

How were the dutch able maintain a high standard of living throughout the 17th century?

The revolution did not constitute a fully democratic revolution since sovereignty was placed in the parliament, which only represented the upper classes

How would you characterize the english glorious revolution of 1688?

Involved, encouraging, active in the business, industrious

In christine de pizan's advice to the wives of artisans, how would you describe christian's view of the ideal artisan's wife?

Freeze salaries and wages at pre-1347 levels to combat inflation brought on by the black death

In issuing the stature of laborers (1351), what were english lords attempting to do?

Popolo

In renaissance italy, the *blank* were disenfranchised and heavily taxed, and they bitterly resented their exclusion from power

English laws against catholics would be erased and england grdually re-catholicized

In return for financial support, what did charles II of england secretly promise louis XIV of france?

Women's sphere of activity was private and domestic

In terms of gender relations, most renaissance humanists argued that...

Took over much of the east indies from portugal, creating a powerful company

In the 17th century, the dutch east india company...

Landholdings and common lands needed to be consolidated and enclosed in order to farm more efficiently

In the 18th century, advocates for agricultural innovation argued that...

Local parish church

In the 18th century, the *blank* remained the focal point of religious devotion and community cohesion

Vegetables

In the eighteenth century, the diet of the poorer classes consisted largely of bread and...

The house of orange

In the netherlands, tensions were always present between supporters of the staunchly republican estates and the supporters of...

Sugar

In the stage of european expansion, the history of slavery became intertwined with the history of what crop?

To prevent a signle italian state from dominating the peninsula

Italian balance of power diplomacy was designed...

The classics for what they could reveal about human nature

Italian humanists stressed the study of...

Detract from the sovereignty of god

John calvin rejected the idea of free will because he believed it would....

The catholic reformation

Loyola's "rules" were created to most directly support what?

Gold

Mercantilist finance ministers were concerned with the countries' accumulation of...

Controlled b an oligarchy of wealthy businessmen who dominated the provincial estates

Most of the political power in the dutch republic was...

Christian humanists

Northern european writers and artists who interpreted italian ideas in terms of their own religious traditions

Military dictatorship

Oliver cromwell's protectorate was ultimately a...

Increasing control of the state and powerful monarchs over the church

The dissolution of the jesuit order in 1773 is a striking indicator of the...

The power of the ruler was absolute and prevented civil war

The english philosopher thomas hobbes held that...

Indian ocean trade

The european voyages of the fifteenth century were derived from a desire to share in the wealth of the...

Jean baptiste colbert

The finance minister under louis XIV. He argued for mercantilist policies to protect french companies

John locke

The glorious revolution and the concept of representative government found its best defense in the second treatise of civil government by...

Great commercial revival in italy

The most important factor in the emergence of the italian renaissance was the

Controlled by an oligarchy of wealthy businessmen

The most political power in the dutch republic was...

a fear of the establishment of Catholic absolutism by James II

The primary cause of the english glorious revolution was...

Called for a warm, emotional religion that everyone could experience

The religious revival movement known as pietism...

Industrious revolution

The shift that occurred as families in northwestern europe focused on earning wages instead of producing goods for household consumption; this reduced their economic self-sufficiency but increased their ability to purchase consumer goods

Incan empire

The spanish explored all over the new world in search of gold. While they found limited amounts of gold, they were much more successful in acquiring silver. Their largest silver mines were in potosi in the modern-day country of bolivia. This region was conquered from the...

Maintain the ethnic purity of the english living in ireland by preventing intermarriage or cultural assimilation

The statute of kilkenny attempted to...

The elimination of common rights and access to land turned small peasant farmers into landless wage earners

The transformation for the english and scottish countryside in the enclosure era is best characterized as...

Proletarianization

The transformation of large numbers of small peasant farmers into landless rural wage-earners

Cameralism

The view that absolute monarchy was the best form of government but that it should increase the public good

Prince Henry the navigator

Though not much of a sailor himself, this person would serve an important role in the age of exploration by sponsoring many of the portuguese voyages of discovery

Salvation came through faith as a free gift of god's grace

What best describes martin luther's doctrine of salvation?

Interactions between jews and christians increased, and rabbinic controls diminished

What change within the jewish community accompanied the enlightenment movement?

Regulation of trade and imposing tariffs on foreign imports

What did adam smith believe to be a duty of the government?

They involved both rural and urban laboring people

What did the rebellions that swept across europe in the late fourteenth and early fifteenth centuries involve?

The guidebook of the courtier

What educational book by baldassare castiglione provided a treatise on training a young man in the discipline and fashion needed for the courtly ideal of being a gentleman?

Manilac

What filipino city became most important for the spanish in trading with china?

Painter

What occupation did jaun de pareja learn during his time as a slave to diego velaquez?

The new world precious metal exacerbated the rising inflation rate in a spanish economy that struggled to meet the demands of its population

What was an unintended consequence of the spanish mining silver from the new world?

Diseases introduced from the old world

What was most responsible for the dramatic decline of indigenous populations in the new world?

Jansenism

What was the catholic version of pietism?

The methods of natural science should be used to examine all aspects of life

What was the core concept of the enlightenment?

A new type of society in which people derived their self-identity as much from their consuming practices as form their work lives

What was the result of the consumer revolution of the eighteenth century?

An inconclusive standoff that set the stage for the future seven years' war

What was the result of the war of the austrian succession?

Lutherans taught respect for authority while calvinists encouraged opposition to political authorities who were considered ungodly

What were lutheran and calvinist attitudes toward secular rulers?

Horses

What were unknown to the people of the new world prior to 1492?

Johann gutenberg

Who was the most prominent metal smith who helped develop metal movable print?

Princes and commercial elites who were often patrons of art

Who would have most likely read mirandola's work?

Political loyalty and feeling centered on a passionate attachment to the individual city-states

Why did a unified italian state fail to develop in the fifteenth century?

There was a steady drop in prices owing to the expanded use of colonial slave labor

Why did sugar and tea become commonly consumed products by all social classes in the eighteenth century?

Charles I imposed unwelcome laws, reforms, and taxes on the country

Why did the english government arrive at a crisis situation by 1640 that would lead to civil war?

He refuted the idea of predestination, insisting that anyone who earnestly sought salvation could earn it

Why was john wesley's methodism particularly appealing?