AP Euro French Rev Study Guide

an 1805 naval battle in which Napoleon's forces were defeated by a British fleet under the command of Horatio Nelson. Napoleon not actually there.

Battle of Trafalgar

1819, it discouraged liberal teachings in southern Germany. Censorship imposed by Metternich.

Carlsbad Decrees

Established and led by Robespierre, fixed bread prices and nationalized some businesses. Created to protect the revolution. Basically secret police and also controlled the war effort. Instigated the Reign of Terror.

Committee of Public Safety

(1814-1815 CE) Meeting of representatives of European monarchs called to reestablish the old order after the defeat of Napoleon.

Congress of Vienna

A political or theological orientation advocating the preservation of the best in society and opposing radical changes.

Conservatism

French revolutionary leader who stormed the Paris bastille and who supported the execution of Louis XVI but was guillotined by Robespierre for his opposition to the Reign of Terror (1759-1794)

Danton

Statement of fundamental political rights adopted by the French National Assembly at the beginning of the French Revolution. In 1789

Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen

They consisted of the Roman Catholic Clergy; they received special privileges and paid no direct taxes

First Estate

1848 Revolution in France? What caused the people to revolt? Whom did they overthrow?

French people wanted to overthrow King Louis Phillipe because he broke his promises to the people. They replaced him with Louis Napoléon Bonaparte.

Panic that spread through the French countryside after the storming of the Bastille in 1789; peasants thought they were mobilized against

Great Fear

a league of European nations formed by the leaders of Russia, Austria, and Prussia after the congress of Vienna

Holy Alliance

English admiral who defeated the French fleets of Napoleon but was mortally wounded at Trafalgar (1758-1805)

Horatio Nelson

The brief period during 1815 when Napoleon made his last bid for power, deposing the French King and again becoming Emperor of France

Hundred Days

In the 1780s over 50% of France's annual budget was expended on what?

Interest payments on debt

1818-1883. 19th century philosopher, political economist, sociologist, humanist, political theorist, and revolutionary. Often recognized as the father of communism. Analysis of history led to his belief that communism would replace capitalism as it replaced feudalism. Believed in a classless society.

Karl Marx

Idea that government should play as small a role as possible in economic affairs.

Laissez-faire

A belief that government can and should achieve justice and equality of opportunity.

Liberalism

What "ism" did Metternich blame for the warfare and bloodshed of the late 18th and early 19th centuries?

Liberalism

queen and king during the French Revolution, Marie was Austrian (French hate Austrians) lived a spoiled, lavish lifestyle when the rest of France was starving

Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette

French revolutionary leader (born in Switzerland) who was a leader in overthrowing the Girondists and was stabbed to death in his bath by Charlotte Corday (1743-1793)

Marat

English writer and early feminist who denied male supremacy and advocated equal education for women

Mary Wollstonecraft

From Corssica: made his way from the bottom to the top. Overthrew the French revolutionary government (The Directory) in 1799 and became emperor of France in 1804. Failed to defeat Great Britain and abdicated in 1814. Returned to power briefly in 1815 but was defeated and died in exile.

Napoleon Bonaparte

A comprehensive and uniform system of laws established for France by Napoleon; made to be interpreted; very good and concise; served as an example to other countries

Napoleonic Code

French journalist who published the declaration of rights of women and the female citizens.

Olympe de Gouges

lists of grievances drawn up by each of the three Estates during the Estates General. "Cahiers de doleances"

Petition of Grievances

This was the alliance between Great Britain, Austria, Russia, and Prussia after the Napoleonic era

Quadruple Alliance or Concert of Europe

This was the period in France where Robespierre ruled and used revolutionary terror to solidify the home front. He tried rebels and they were all judged severely and most were executed. Mostly 3rd Estate got guillotined. Ended with Robespierre's execution.

Reign of Terror? Who was it directed at? How did it end?

A French political leader of the eighteenth century. A Jacobin, he was one of the most radical leaders of the French Revolution. He was in charge of the government during the Reign of Terror, when thousands of persons were executed without trial. After a public reaction against his extreme policies, he was executed without trial.

Robespierre

19th century artistic movement that appealed to emotion rather than reason

Romanticism

Which countries helped Greece to gain independence from the Ottoman Empire? When did Greece gain independence?

Russia, Britain, France in 1821

The second class of French society made up of the noblility

Second Estate

A system in which society, usually in the form of the government, owns and controls the means of production.

Socialism

Which country revolted against Napoleon in 1808?

Spanish and Portuguese

Destruction of the prison seen as the true start of the French Revolution. The Bastille was a symbol of monarchical power, which the people wanted to break down after the firing of Necker, who was the finance minister to King Louis XVI who seemed to be on the side of the people.

Storming of the Bastille? Why?

Before the French Revolution where did the French government get most of its money?

Taxing the third estate

vow by members of the 3rd estate not to disband until a constitution was written

Tennis Court Oath

What sort of people primarily represented the third estate at the estates general meeting in 1789?

The educated Third Estate: lawyers and government officials

97% of the population (the rest of France) They consisted of the bourgeoisie, the san-culottes and the peasants; they paid high taxes and had no special privileges

Third Estate

How did revolutions in France in 1830 and 1848 affect other parts of Europe?

Threatened the monarchies of Europe but did little else.

Why did the Directory continue French wars of conquest begun by early revolutionary governments?

To meet ever present, ever unsolved economic problems; large, victorious French armies reduced unemployment at home and able to live off territories they conquered and plundered.

Despite a petition calling out the hypocrisy of the DOROMAC towards women, they were not given equality.

What sort of laws did the National Assembly pass in regards to women between 1789 and 1791?

It was meant to disrupt British trade. Since napoleon can't invade Britain, he tries to damage Britain's economy. It failed, however, as countries like Spain and Russia break the deal.

What was the purpose of the Continental System?

Russia, and with 600,000 troops. Russia retreats and burns as they go, to prevent French advances. Epic failure for France, as Russian winter, lack of food, and attacks leave only 93,000 to escape by the end of it.

Which country did Napoleon invade in 1812 to punish for not following the continental system?

How did Lord Byron die?

malaria