AP Euro Spring Semester Final
The feature of the Versailles Treaty that the Germans found very hard to accept was
Article 231, the "War Guilt Clause," which imposed heavy war reparation payments on Germany
In World War I, the Ottoman Empire fought on the side of
Austria and Germany
The rivalry between which states for domination of southeastern Europe helped create serious tensions before World War I?
Austria-Hungary and Russia
Which of the following helped lead to the outbreak of World War I
European states felt they had to uphold the power of their allies for their own internal security
One class that clearly benefited from World War I was:
Large Industrialists
Following the Bolshevik seizure of power in November 1917
Lenin approved the redistribution of land to starving peasants
World War I in the East was characterized by
More mobility that the trench warfare on the Western Front
All of the following areas were part of the British empire in the Far East EXCEPT:
Mozambique
All of the following nations were created out of the Austro-Hungarian Empire EXCEPT:
Poland
Even though the odds were against them, the Bolsheviks successfully took power in Russia due to
Ruthless discipline and leadership in part due to the military efforts of Leon Trotsky
The most famous of the Surrealistic painters was
Salvador Dali
What was the newly created state that was a thorn in Austria-Hungary's side and a primary cause of World War I?
Serbia
The primary an antagonists in the Balkans region were
Serbs & Austrians
Expectations for women during the war were
That they would return to their "normal" lives when the war ended
Austrian ultimatums to Serbia, hastening the outbreak of World War I, came in part because
The Austrians had received a "blank check" from Germany
The second battle of the Marne was
The end of Germany's final, futile effort to win the war
Which of the following was NOT an argument to justify imperialism at the turn of the century?
To lessen the burden of Europe's growing population
The Pan-German League advocated:
anti-socialist and anti-liberal policies
Social Darwinism was:
applying the ideas of Darwin to society
"Squadristi" were
armed bands of fascists who used violence to intimidate enemies
Vladimir Lenin
as a leader of the Bolshevik faction, promised "peace, land, and bread" and a quick Russian withdrawal from World War I
In his cyclical "De Rerum Novarum," Pope Leo XIII:
asserted that much in socialism was Christian in principle
For Woodrow Wilson, the most important thing after the war was to
assure acceptance of his Fourteen Points
On the eve of the outbreak of World War I in 1914, Wilhelm II of Germany
attempted to engage Nicholas II in a diplomatic dialogue to avoid war if possible
Friedrich Nietzsche:
believed that Christianity was a scourge and had deeply undermined the creative power of Western Civilization
The chief reason for the United States' entry into World War 1 was:
blatant German violations of the principles of neutrality and freedom of the seas
The Nazi leader Heinrich Himmler was responsible for
carrying out the racial and terroristic policies of the SS, fanatical bands of Nazis devoted to Hitler's crazed ideas
As soldiers on both sides realized that no one could gain an advantage in trench warfare:
daily life for the soldier became increasingly squalid, regimented, and miserable in filthy, rat-infested trenches
The entry of the United States into World War I in April 1917:
gave the nearly-defeated allies a psychological boost
As a result of World War I, eastern Europe
quickly overtook western Europe economically
The Meiji Restoration in Japan:
sent Japanese ambassadors abroad to be educated in the ways of the west and adopted many western-style political and military reforms
Russia's disastrous defeat in the Russo-Japanese War indirectly led to:
the Revolution of 1905
Who was responsible for the Special Theory of Relativity?
Einstein
The leader of the women's suffrage movement in England was:
Emmeline Pankhurst
Which of the following was NOT a pioneer in the field of nursing?
Emmeline Pankurst
The Triple Entente included which of the following countries?
England, France, Russia
Which of the following best applies to the regime of Czar Nicholas II of Russia?
Alexandra,Nicholas' wife, kept him isolated from the reality of domestic disturbances
The Cheka was a
Bolshevik secret police unit used to terrorize opponents
Upon seizing power, Lenin let it be known to the world that he wished for
Communist revolutions to break out all over the world
The great English liberal of the early 20th century was
David Lloyd George
The Treaty of Versailles
Forced Germany to accept "war guilt" and pay massive reparations for its aggression
The Spanish Civil War ended with the victory of
General Francisco Franco, who created a conservative, authoritarian, and anti-democratic regime with the strong backing of the Spanish Catholic Church
The outbreak of World War 1 was greatly accelerated by the Schlieffen Plan, which was
Germany's military plan to invade France rapidly through neutral Belgium before attacking Russia
The original Triple Alliance included which of the following countries?
Germany, Italy, Austria
The most important consequence of the first year of World War I was
a deadly stalemate on the Western Front
Following Germany's failure to pay its war reparations, France occupied Germany's Ruhr Valley, resulting in
a policy of passive resistance by the German government and German resort to printing money to pay war debts
Just prior to World War I, European society was marked by:
a sense of confusion and anxiety leading to feelings of imminent catastrophe
The fact that European states fighting in World War I had to effectively organize masses of men and material for years of deadly combat led to:
all of these
Freud maintained that a human being's inner life was a battleground between all of the following EXCEPT:
alter ego
Before the outbreak of World War I in 1914, the general outlook for the future by most Europeans was
highly optimistic with material progress expected to create an "earthly paradise"
Joseph Stalin's emergence as leader of the Communist Party was aided by
his position as general secretary
Walter Gropius was best know for his
ideas of functionalism and practicality in architecture
In art, modernism found its beginnings in the work of Pissarro called
impressionism
The greatest difference between naturalism and realism in literature was:
in general, naturalism was more pessimistic than realism
Between 1890 and 1914, in part through conscription, European military forces
increased dramatically
After 1924, American financial investment in Europe
increased rapidly but soon came to crisis
During World War I, Adolf Hitler
joined the German army, fought on the front lines, and received medals for his bravery
The urbanization of Europe brought religion under attack from all of the following EXCEPT:
legal socities
Internal opposition to the war in European nations came largely from
liberals and socialists appalled by the scale of human slaughter and the costs of nationalism and militarism
The development of trench warfare in France was characterized by
long periods of dreary boredom broken by murderous artillery barrages and terrifying frontal assaults by enemy troops
Among the 19th century European political movements, the one most responsible for triggering World War I was:
nationalism
The growth of Mussolini's Fascist movement was aided by
nationalistic resentment toward Italy's treatment in World War I
Mussolini's Fascist dictatorship in Italy
never created the degree of totalitarian control found in Russia and Germany in the 1930s
The Russian army's problems during World War I include all of the following EXCEPT
not enough manpower
Lenin's "April Theses":
outlined a Russian movement toward socialism led by groups of soldiers, workers, and peasants
Hitler took Poland in 1939
peacefully, with the reluctant acquiescence of Britain and France
Desperate for any innovations in battle that might bring some success in terrible trench fighting, all sides in the conflict employed new weapons perfected by European science, such as
poison gas shells
Which of the following actually benefited from World War I?
skilled and highly skilled workers
Theodor Herzl, the leader of the Zionist movement:
sought to spare European Jews from anti-semitism by advocating the creation of a Jewish state in Palestine
Economic and labor conditions in Nazi Germany were characterized by
strict police control of the working classes through the Nazi-sponsored German Labor Front
The first professional occupation to be opened up to women was:
teaching
The IMMEDIATE cause of World War I was:
the assassination of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Bosnia
The basis of the Bismarckian System was:
the isolation of France through a series of military alliances
The collapse of Russia's government in March 1917 was aided by all of the following EXCEPT:
the leadership of the Mensheviks in the provisional government
As public morale and support for the war dwindled
the liberal French government under Clemenceau found it impossible to end internal dissent
The experimental work of early 20th century physicists challenged and ultimately invalidated:
the rational,mechanical conception of universe described in the classical physics of Newton
A major cause of the Great Depression was
the recall of American loans from European countries
Culture in Nazi Germany centered around
the simplistic, petty-bourgeois art Hitler loved, with sentimental and realistic scenes glorifying strong, heroic Aryans
In August 1914, the perception of the upcoming war among Europeans was that:
the war would be very short, possibly only weeks in duration
The major motivation of French Prime Minister Georges Clemenceau's terms of surrender was
to punish Germany and gain security for France
The First Moroccan Crisis had the result of:
uniting France and England in a new alliance
The usual tactic of trench warfare was to:
use heavy artillery bombardments and then launch direct frontal infantry assaults on well-defended enemy positions
According to Sigmund Freud, behavior:
was determined by one's unconscious and inner drives of which people are not aware
According to Freud, the superego:
was the locus of conscience and represented the inhibitions and moral values society imposes on people
The "Boxers":
were Chinese nationalists who tried to expel all foreigners from the country through armed rebellion
During the 19th century, Jews:
were emancipated in most countries, but still restricted
Economically, World War I
witnessed governments gradually take full control of all aspects of their economies
