AP Euro Test 3

Assignment 17 #16 The ideas of Copernicus were a. radically different from Aristotle's heavenly spheres b. nearly as complicated as Ptolemy c. were just like the ideas of today d. quite consistent with Bible ideas

b

Assignment 21 #25 As prime minister of Great Britain, Robert Walpole a. used the military to further Britain's world empire b. was forced to follow closely the policies of George I and George II c. pursued a peaceful foreign policy to avoid new land taxes d. was a great advocate of Empire

c

Assignment 17 #17 Following upon Copernicus's heliocentric theories a. Johannes Kepler used data to derive laws of planetary motion that confirmed Copernicus's heliocentric theory b. Kepler observed the heavens and proved planetary motion was circular around the sun c. Kepler used magic to prove that the Earth moves in a manner based on geometric figures d. Galileo and Kepler demonstrated that the motion of the planets was circular and unchanging

a

Assignment 17 #21 The first European to make systematic observations of te heavens using a telescope a. Galileo b. Copernicus c. Brahe d. Newton

a

Assignment 18 #18 Newton's universal law of gravitation proved that a. through its mathematical proof it could explain all motion in the universe b. motion in the universe operated on a series of distinct universal laws c. people could never comprehend why the planets moved the way they did d. the universe began with the "big bang"

a

Assignment 18 #24 On the Fabric of the Human Body a. was Andreas Vesalius' masterpiece on anatomical structure b. contained William Harvey's theories of blood circulation c. contained Paracelsus's theories on a macrocosm-microcosm universe d. was Galen's masterpiece that influenced so many doctors in the Middle Ages

a

Assignment 18b #1 Descartes believed that the world could be understood by a. the same principles inherent in mathematical thinking b. quiet contemplation and following of the Scriptures c. mystical experiences d. interpreting dreams and applying that knowledge to our everyday lives

a

Assignment 18b #14 The immediate reaction of the clerics to the theories of Copernicus a. condemnation, especially by Protestant leaders like Luther who condemned the discovery as contrary to their literal interpretation of the Bible b. broad approval motivated by their now higher educational achievements c. confused silence d. the calling of the Council of Dort by Protestants and Catholics to question the astronomer closely prior to trial for blasphemy

a

Assignment 18b #15 Copernicus's heliocentric theory was a. based on the observations of several earlier astronomers and his own computations b. published without fear of scorn or reprisal c. derived from vision he had d. a hoax he thought up to win an award in science

a

Assignment 18b #17 The greatest achievements in science during the 16th and 17th centuries came in what three areas? a. astronomy, medicine, and chemistry b. astronomy, botany, anf chemistry c. biology, mechanics, and ballistics d. engineering, physics, and dentistry

a

Assignment 18b #18 All of the following are considered possible influences and causes of the Scientific Revolution except a. the practical knowledge and technical skills emphasized by 16th century universities b. mathematical and naturalists skills of the Renaissance artists c. the Hermetic belief in magic and alchemy d. the human's rediscovery of Greek mathematicians and thinkers

a

Assignment 18b #2 Showing the disputatious nature of European scientific thinkers, Francis Bacon rejected the a. ideas of Copernicus and Kepler and misunderstood Galileo b. theories of Vesalius c. publications of the Royal Society d. political views of John Locke

a

Assignment 18b #3 Concerning the first important societies, the French Academy differed from the English Royal Society in the former's a. government support and control b. publication of scientific journals c. focus of theoretical work in mechanics and astronomy d. belief that science should proceed along the lines of a cooperative venture

a

Assignment 18b #9 Margaret Cavendish attacked the belief a. that humans through science were masters of nature b. that science was for the benefit of all humanity c. in women being equal to men, despite her position d. of a Newtonian world-machine

a

Assignment 19 #17 Enlightened thinkers can be understood as secularists because they strongly recommend a. the application of the scientific method to the analysis and understanding of all aspects if human life b. the rational dismantling of all churches and their competing but empty ideologies c. a complete stop to all efforts at the reform of justice d. rigorous state control of all forms of education

a

Assignment 19 #20 The works of Fontenelle announce the Enlightenment because they a. popularize a growing skepticism toward claims of religion b. portray churches as allies of scientific progress c. discourage amatuer conversations about scientific matters d. question the capacity of women to comprehend scientific discourse

a

Assignment 19 #21 A major inspiration for travel literature in the 18th century were the Pacific Ocean adventures of a. James Cooke b. Ferdinand de Lesseps c. Zheng He d. David Hume

a

Assignment 19 #22 John Locke's philosophy contributed to the development of Enlightenment ideas by arguing that a person's character was shaped by a. environment, not innate ideas b. genetic heritage c. elementary education d. personal relationships

a

Assignment 19 #25 The French Philosophes mostly included people from a. the nobility and the middle class b. the lower class and the lower middle class c. aristocracy and nobility d. urban artisans and craftsmen

a

Assignment 20 #22 Deism was based on a. the Newtonian world-machine with God as its mechanic, designing the universe in accord with rational laws b. God answering prayers directed to him in song c. the divinity of Jesus as prime mover of the rational universe d. the denial of the existence of a Supreme Being

a

Assignment 20b #11 Rousseau's influential novel, Emile, deals with these key Enlightenment themes: a. proper child rearing and human education b. the best roles for women in making modern society c. the necessity of church marriage and reform of church teaching on this sacrament d. the abolition of the pope's restrictions on religious practices and the content of sermons

a

Assignment 20b #15 The strongest statement and vindication of women's rights during the Enlightenment was made by a. Mary Wollstonecraft b. Beatrice Williams c. Mary Astell d. Maria Cavendish

a

Assignment 20b #17 European music in the later 18th century was well characterized by a. Haydn and Mozart, who caused a shift in the musical center from Italy and Germany to the Austrian Empire b. Handel, the most religiously inspired of the period's composers c. the strictly elitist, aristocratic works of Haydn d. the innovative, secular compositions of Bach

a

Assignment 20b #18 a. The French Rococo painter who portrayed the aristocratic life as refined, sensual,nand civilized was a. Antoine Watteau b. Balthasar Neumann c. Madam Geoffrin d. Rembrandt

a

Assignment 20b #5 The Carnival of the Mediterranean world was a. a period of intense sexual activity and gross excesses b. strictly a secular event with no spiritual function c. a popular, lower-class event seldom characterized by acts of violence or aggression d. restricted by law and custom to only the educated classes

a

Assignment 22 #16 Enlightened absolutism in the 18th century a. could never completely overcome the political and social realities of the time b. was most successful in the strengthening of the administrative systems c. was limited to policies that did not undermine the interests of European nobility d. was successful in implementing legal reformers in many European states

a

Assignment 22 #19 During the 18th century, Spain a. was temporarily rejuvenated by the reforms of Philip V b. continued to decline as its empire in the west collapsed c. fought a series of wars against France d. became an international power again

a

Assignment 22 #23 Catherine the Great of Russia a. followed a successful policy of expansion against the Turks b. instigated enlightened reforms for the peasantry after the revolt of Emelyn Pugachev c. weakened the nobility with her extensive enlightened reforms d. successfully eliminated the power of the Duma

a

Assignment 23 # 18 The European nobility in the 18th century a. played a significant role in the administrative machinery or European states b. lost its former dominance in military affairs c. composed 20% of Europe's population d. was abolished in France

a

Assignment 28b #8 The philosophy of Rene Descartes a. stressed separation of mind of matter b. stressed a holistic universe of mind and matter devoid of a creator or God c. saw the material world as a living thing containing the human essence d. would not have a wide influence upon Western thought until the 19th century

a

Assignment 17 #19 Kepler's laws of planetary motion a. proposed a solution to the riddle about what substances made up planets b. gained acceptance despite disproving Aristotle's steady and unchanging motion of planets c. reverted to the Ptolemaic system with the Earth in the center d. showed the planets are constantly changing speed

b

Assignment 17 #20 One of the dramatic findings of Galileo's observations was that a. orbits of planets were elliptical rather than circular b. planets were not made of was not made of some perfect substance c. the solar system was much larger than previously thought d. the stars were smaller than previously thought

b

Assignment 17 #23 Galileo's Dialogue on the Two World Systems was really an attempt to a. embarrass Copernicus b. support Copernicus through a publication in Italian accessible to a wide audience c. attack Luther and Protestant theological restrictions on scientific inquiry d. apologize to the church for earlier theories he now saw as a mistake

b

Assignment 18 #16 Isaac Newton's scientific discoveries a. were resisted more in his own country, England, the the rest of Europe b. although readily accepted in his own country, was resisted on the continent c. were modern in their removal of God from universal laws d. were among the first to be printed in a language other than Latin

b

Assignment 18b #19 The Ptolemaic concept of the universe was also known as a. God's master plan b. the geocentric conception c. the lunacentric conception d. the expanding universe

b

Assignment 18b #20 The general conception of the universe before Copernicus was that a. it was orderly with heaven at the center and the Earth orbiting it b. the Earth was the stationary center and heavenly spheres orbited it c. the Earth rested on the shell of a giant tortoise d. the world was flat

b

Assignment 18b #5 Organized religions in the 17th century a. conceded the accomplishments of science and separated theology from science proper b. rejected scientific discoveries that conflicted with the Christian view of the world c. contributed greatly to scientific debates d. largely ignored science as merely a "toy for the minds of God's children"

b

Assignment 19 #19 European intellectual life in the 18th century was marked by the emergence of a. anti-Semitism and sharper persecution of minorities b. secularization and a search to find the natural laws governing human life c. sophism and the mockery of past traditions d. monastic schools and medieval modes of training religious thinkers

b

Assignment 19 #24 Newton and John Locke a. created two antagonistic religious systems of thought b. provided inspiration for the Enlightenment by arguing that through rational reasoning and the human acquisition of knowledge one could discover natural laws governing all aspects of human society c. claimed that mathematics and science would bring about the cure for the evils of society but only very slowly d. saif the philosophes were the prophets of the future and that their rejection of the scientific revolution was justified

b

Assignment 20 #18 A key new type is enlightened writing fueling skepticism about the "truths" of Christianity and European society was a. a psychological b. travel reports and comparative studies of old and new cultures c. ribald stories of peasant ignorance d. aristocratic joke books showing the bad humor of supposed social elites

b

Assignment 20 #23 Which of the following best applies to Denis Diderot a. His materialistic, atheistic beliefs became tempered by his adoption of deism b. His Encyclopedia had considerable impact, particularly after its price was greatly reduces c. His Encyclopedia had little impact d. The core of his educational beliefs expressed his devotion to secual monogamy and chastity

b

Assignment 20 #25 Diderot's most famous contribution to the Enlightenment's battle against religious fanaticism, intolerance, and prudery was his a. great play "Is Rome Burning?" b. 23-volume Encyclopedia compiling articles by many influential philosophes c. autobiography published in French d. biography of Newton, "the greatest European"

b

Assignment 20b #3 In 18th century Europe, churches, both Catholic and Protestant, a. declined in numbers and influence b. still played a major role in social and spiritual areas c. was responsible for the dramatic role in literacy d. had not changed much in two centuries

b

Assignment 20b #6 Concerning the European legal system, by the end of the 18th century a. a trend away from imprisonment and toward capital punishment began b. corporal and capital punishment were on the decline c. criminal punishments became more cruel as violent crimes increased d. the death penalty was abolished in Western Europe

b

Assignment 21 #17 In a sincere effort to reform his domains typical of enlightened rulers, the Austrian emperor Joseph II issued a. three new court circulars on improved operations for the imperial bureaucracy b. 6,000 decrees and 11,000 new laws c. an avoidance of military entanglements, especially under Frederick the Great d. social mobility for the peasants through social service

b

Assignment 21 #18 A continuing trend throughout 18th century Prussia was a. the uncontrollable growth of the royal state bureaucracy b. the social and military dominance of the Junker nobility c. an avoidance of military entanglements, especially under Frederick the Great d. social mobility for the peasants through the civil service

b

Assignment 21 #20 France in the 18th century a. thrived under the strong leadership of Louis XV and Louis XVI b. suffered from severe economic depression throughout the century c. was torn apart by a series of civil wars d. lost an empire while acquiring a huge public debt

b

Assignment 22 #18 European diplomacy during the 18th century was predicted on the idea that a. sea power was the basis of real power b. in a balance of power, one state should not be allowed to dominate another c. a country's empire determined its greatness d. the charisma of a ruler determined a country's success

b

Assignment 22 #22 Emelyn Pugachev is noted in Russian history for a. leading a successful rebellion among peasants b. causing greater repression of the peasantry due to his unsuccessful rebellion c. leading the Russian army in its capture of Turkish land d. the assassination of Catherine the Great

b

Assignment 17 #18 Tycho Brahe a. was a major supporter of Copernicus's theory within the scientific community b. did most of his work in Italy c. recorded astronomical data from the observatory he built at Uraniborg castle d. was a Protestant minister who attacked the new modes of scientific inquiry

c

Assignment 17 #22 The Catholic Roman Inquisition attacked Galileo for his scientific ideas with the encouragement of a. European monarchs fearful of losing their authority b. even Protestant theologians who hated Galileo, and Italian scholar c. elements within the church pledged to defend ancient Aristotelian ideas and Catholic orthodoxy d. the pope who refused to believe the Earth and planets really move

c

Assignment 18 #17 In newton's principia, he demonstrated through his rules of reasoning that the universe was a. a chaotic, unpredictable place b. in fact, a mathematical impossibility c. a regulated machine operating according to universal laws d. finite and its boundaries are clearly defined

c

Assignment 18 #20 Paracelsus revolutionized the world of medicine by a. disproving Galen's ancient theory of two seperate blood systems b. dissecting humans rather than animals c. advocating the chemical philosophy of medicine d. rejecting the medieval medical philosophy of the four humors

c

Assignment 18b #11 Benedict Spinoza believed that women a. were equal to men b. were little more than animals without a soul c. were "naturally inferior" to men d. could stand on their own, but society functioned far better when mea alone ruled

c

Assignment 18b #12 The overall effect of the Scientific Revolution on the argument about women was to a. dispel traditional myths of female inferiority b. increase the role of women in their child-bearing years c. generate facts about differences between men and women that were used to prove male dominance d. demonstrate that there was no difference in the sexes' skeletons

c

Assignment 18b #16 Scholars devoted to Hermeticism a. believed that the world was very recent creation still imperfect b. credited the devil with control over the dark matters of nature c. saw the world as a living embodiment of divinity where humans could use mathematics and magic to dominate nature d. retreated from study of the natural world to concentrate on mastery of theories of nature

c

Assignment 18b #4 The role of women in the Scientific Revolution is illustrated by a. the scientific community's growing acceptance of female members b. Maria Merian's breakthrough in astronomy c. Margaret Cavendish, who participated in her day's scientific debates d. Maria Winkelmann, an entomologist accepted into the Berlin Academy of Sciences

c

Assignment 20 #19 The leader of the Physiocrats and their advocacy of natural economic laws was a. Denis Diderot b. Adam Smith c. Francois Quesnay d. Cesare Beccaria

c

Assignment 20 #20 Voltaire was best known for his criticism of a. the German monarchical system b. the separation of church and state c. religious intolerance d. Plato and Greeks

c

Assignment 20b #12 For Rousseau, what was the source for inequality and the chief cause of crimes? a. government was an evil that needed to be eliminated b. the individual's will is the most important c. freedom is achieved by being forced to follow what is best for the "general law" d. a child was a small adult with all the same abilities and obligations

c

Assignment 20b #14 The Rococo artistic style of the 18th century was a. confined to France b. best expressed in the architectural works of Baron d'Holbach c. evident in the masterpiece of Balthasar Neumann d. characterized by strict geometric patterns and an emphasis on power

c

Assignment 20b #16 18th century writers, especially in England, used this new form of literacy to attack the hypocrisies of the era a. epic poetry b. autobiography c. novels d. short stories

c

Assignment 20b #2 The Jews of 18th century Europe a. were assimilated into French society through the unanimous calls of the philosophes for integration b. were most persecuted in France and Poland c. were most free in participating in banking and commercial activities in tolerant cities d. won the right to publicly practice their religion in Austria with Joseph II's Toleration Patent of 1781

c

Assignment 20b #9 The 18th century musical composition had been called one of these rara works that appeal immediately to everyone, and yet is indisputably a masterpiece of the highest order is a. Bach's St. Matthew's Passion b. Haydn's The Season c. Handel's Messiah d. Mozart's The Marriage of Figaro

c

Assignment 21 #16 Enlightenment political thought advanced the concept of human natural rights including all of the following except a. equality before the law b. the right to assemble c. freedom from taxation d. freedom to worship

c

Assignment 21 #19 During the 18th century, the idea of Divine Right a. remained a strong basis for government b. was gradually replaced by more Republican ideas concerning government c. was gradually replaced by the idea of "enlightened absolutism" justified by utilitarian arguments d. was best exemplified by the reign of Joseph II

c

Assignment 22 #17 Labeled as "one of the most enlightened monarchs of his time" a. Charles III b. Joseph II c. Gustavus III d. Frederick William

c

Assignment 22 #20 Which of the following countries did not participate in the partition of England? a. Austria b. Prussia c. England d. Russia

c

Assignment 22 #21 The dismemberment of Poland in the late 18th century a. occurred after decades of warfare between its neighbors b. was reversed by the successful rebellion of General Kosciuszko c. showed the necessity of a strong, centralized monarchy d. resulted from the Polish king's repeated attacks on his neighbors

c

Assignment 23 #16 New European attitudes toward children are made visible in all of the following except a. changes in the ordinary clothing for children b. the production of more games and toys for children c. a reinforcement of the custom of primogeniture d. the great interest of lower-class mothers in breast-feeding mothers

c

Assignment 23 #17 A favorite type of private charity supported by the rich in 18th century Europe was a. the dowry b. welfare programs c. foundling homes d. church schools

c

Assignment 23 #19 Which of the following statements best describes 18th century European cities? a. they were cleaner that medieval cities b. they were decreasing in population c. they were filthy and lacked proper sanitation d. they were becoming more democratic

c

Assignment 23 #20 European warfare in the 18th century was characterized by a. the continued reliance on mercenary armies b. ideological fervor leading to bloody battles c. limited objectives and elaborate maneuvers d. massive direct confrontations and pitched battles

c

Assignment 23 #23 The French philosophes a. flourished in an atmosphere of government support b. sought no extension of Enlightenment to other disciplines c. were literate intellectuals who meant to change the world by advancing reason and rationality d. supported state censorship of ideas contrary to their own

c

Assignment 23 #23 Which of the following statements concerning the 7 Years' War is correct ? a. its immediate origins can be traced to the failure of Frederick II's Pragmatic Sanction b. The French defeated the British in India due to their superior forces c. with the defeat of the French navy and Treaty of Paris, Britain became the world's greatest colonial power d. it immediately led to the French Revolution

c

Assignment 23 #24 The Diplomatic Revolution resulted when Maria Theresa refused to recognize the loss of a. Hungary b. Galicia c. Silesia d. Bosnia

c

Assignment 17 #24 What actions did the Catholic Church pursue concerning Galileo and his ideas? a. authorities reluctantly agreed to his theories b. turned him over to the Papal Curia c. allowed Galileo six months to change his mind concerning his theories d. forced to recant them in a trial before the inquisition

d

Assignment 17 #25 Galileo's ideas on motion included the a. law of planetary motion b. law of force x distance c. spring reaction model d. principle of inertia

d

Assignment 18 # 22 Science became an integral part of Western culture in the 18th century because a. people perceived it to be rationally superior to other belief systems b. its mechanistic nature was popular with the lower classes c. the victory of radical political groups following the Puritan Revolution encouraged freedom of expression d. it offered a new means to make profits and maintain social order

d

Assignment 18 #19 The Greco-Roman doctor who had the most influence on medieval medical thought was a. Hippocrates b. Rhazes c. Ptolemy d. Galen

d

Assignment 18 #21 Which of the following in NOT associated with major changes to scientific research a. Vesalius b. Harvey c. Paracelsus d. Galen

d

Assignment 18 #22 Science became an integral part of Western culture in the 18th century because a. people perceived it to be rationally superior to other belief systems b. its mechanistic nature was popular with the lower classes c. the victory of radical political groups following the Puritan Revolution encouraged freedom of expression d. it offered a new means to make profits and maintain social order

d

Assignment 18 #23 The key figure of the Scientific Revolution who would inspire the search for natural laws in other fields, including society and economics was a. Galileo b. Bacon c. Descartes d. Newton

d

Assignment 18 #25 William Harvey's On the Motion of the Heart and Blood refuted the ideas of a. the immune system being associated with the pancreas b. the brain stem being disconnected from the brain c. the independent functioning of the lymph system d. the liver as the beginning point of the circulation of blood

d

Assignment 18b #10 Antoine Lavoisier a. discovered the law of gasses b. gave scientific proof to the theories of Newton c. reconciled religion and reason in his Pensees d. is regarded as the father of modern chemistry

d

Assignment 18b #13 The scientist whose work led to the law that states that the volume of a gas varies with the pressure exerted upon it and who argued that matter is composed of atoms was a. William Harvey b. Paracelsus c. Vesalius d. Robert Boyle

d

Assignment 18b #6 Francis Bacon was important to the Scientific Revolution for his emphasis on a. the separation of mind and matter b. pure theoretical science c. science's urgent need to catalogue all of nature's diversity d. empirical, experimental observation

d

Assignment 18b #7 What was the name of Descartes' book that expounded his theories about the universe? a. On the Revolution of Heavenly Bodies b. On the Fabric on the Human Body c. Two Natures d. Discourse on Method

d

Assignment 19 #16 The scientist philosopher who provides a link between the scientists of the 17th century and the philosophes of the next was a. Voltaire b. Diderot c. Hume d. Fontelle

d

Assignment 19 #18 The German philosopher Immanuel Kant proclaimed the motto of the Enlightenment to be a. "Death to Priests!" b. "Convert the Kings to Peace!" c. "Liberty, Equality, Fraternity!" d. "Dare to Know!"

d

Assignment 20 #16 Above all, Montesquieu's The Spirit of the Laws was concerned with a. the superior position of executive leadership b. the importance of the legislature c. the judiciary being the most important element of government d. maintaining balances among the various branches of government

d

Assignment 20 #17 The recognized capital of the Enlightenment was a. Geneva b. Berlin c. London d. Paris

d

Assignment 20 #21 An early female philosophe who published a translation of Newton's Principia and who was the mistress of Voltaire was a. Mary Wollstonecraft b. Marie Antoinette c. Mary Astell d. the Marquise du Chatelet

d

Assignment 20 #24 The belief in natural laws underlying all areas of human life led to a. scientific theism b. an abandonment of the scientific method c. intellectual stagnation d. the social sciences

d

Assignment 20b #1 John Wesley a. was responsible for the resurgence of Catholic piety b. supported a rationalistic approach to Protestantism c. spread teachings of pietism d. created his evangelical Methodist movement using revivalist techniques

d

Assignment 20b #10 The best statement of laissez-faire was made in 1776 by a. Thomas Jefferson b. John Locke c. John Adams d. Adam Smith

d

Assignment 20b #19 The establishing of the modern fictional novel is generally attributed to the a. French b. Russians c. Germans d. English

d

Assignment 20b #20 Great Britain led the way in the 18th century in producing a. magazines b. newspapers c. coffee houses d. all of the above

d

Assignment 20b #4 A cheap and popular alcoholic drink in 18th century England was a. beer b. whiskey c. wine d. gin

d

Assignment 20b #7 A less brutal approach to justice and punishment in the 18th century is associated with a. Voltaire b. Diderot c. Montesquieu d. Beccaria

d

Assignment 20b #8 Of great importance to the Enlightenment were the salons, which a. provided social mobility to men but women were excluded b. were usually run by men but allowed female guests c. provided a forum for the serious discussion of the ideas of scholastic philosophy d. provided a forum for discussing the ideas of the philosophes

d

Assignment 21 #21 Under the reign of Frederick William I, Prussia a. saw the size of its army diminish b. reduced the size and scope of the government c. witnessed the nobles dominate important administrative posts d. became a highly centralized European state

d

Assignment 21 #22 Frederick the Great of Prussia a. was one of the most cultured monarchs of the 18th century b. increased Prussian territory c. reduced the size of the Prussian military d. and and b

d

Assignment 21 #23 The Austrian Empire under Joseph II a. reversed the enlightened reforms of Joseph's mother, Maria Theresa b. rescinded all of Hungary's privileges c. saw the nobility's power permanently stripped away d. witnessed general discontent due to Joseph's enlightened but radical reforms

d

Assignment 21 #24 The reign of Louis XIV was predominantly concerned with a. solving the government's debt b. establishing a strict code of moral behaviour throughout France c. regaining land lost in the 7 Years' War d. a ludicrous attention to court intrigues

d

Assignment 22 #24 The enlightened legal reforms expressed by Catherine the Great in her Instruction a. succeeded in abolishing serfdom in all of Russia b. succeeded in establishing an equal system of law for all Russian citizens c. instigated changes in Russian government that sapped the power of the old nobility d. accomplished little due to heavy opposition and were soon forgotten

d

Assignment 22 #25 Political developments in 18th century Great Britain included a. the monarchy losing its few remaining powers of Parliament b. the redistribution of boroughs to make the electoral system for the House of Commons more fair c. William Pitt the Younger's corrupt power leading to calls for popular reform d. the increasing influence of the king's ministers under George III

d

Assignment 23 #21 The special legal privileges of the nobles include all of the following except: a. judgement by peers b. immunity from severe punishments c. exemptions from most taxes d. guarantees against becoming poor

d

Assignment 23 #22 European population growth in the second half of the 18th century a. saw all of the great powers grow in population except Russia b. occurred despite increased death and infant mortality rates c. was due to the absence of famines and elimination of most major diseases d. was nearly double the rate of the first half of the century

d

Assignment 23 #25 The War of Austrian Succession a. was limited only to Habsburg territory b. made the Prussian king ruler of Austria c. was fought between Austria and France d. was fought between Austria and Prussia

d