AP Gov CH 1 & 2
A alleged weakness of the majoritarian democratic model is its
Reliance on the American public to be knowledgeable and participartory.
To create social and economic equality, governments must
restrict individual freedom
People often seem inconsistent in their political beliefs because
they may favor government action to promote one value but not another
The idea that all adults within the boundaries of a political community should be allowed to vote is known as
universal participation
in a totalitarian regime there is a general desire for the government to control
business, labor, education, religion
pluralist democracy in the united states tends to favor
the well-organized
Why do most democracies give power to representatives rather than directly to citizens?
Bringing large numbers of citizens together for discussions and votes is difficult. Decisions may require specialized knowledge not possessed by the average citizen. Discussion of political issues takes more time than most people are willing to spend.
Liberals are more likely to favor generous government support for
Education, wildlife protection, public transportation, and a whole range of social programs
according to john locke the fundamental purpose of government is the protection of
Life, Liberty, and Property
a popular election is the primary mechanism for democratic government in which model?
Majoritarian model
According to the elite theory, the United States is actually a(n)
Oligarchy
the ancient greeks classified governments as autocracies oligarchies or democracies based on
The number of citizens involved in governing
many observes of american politics contend that the majoritarian model is NOT a good description of our system because
a majority of american citizens are ignorant of or uninterested in politics
everyone in the united states is entitled to protection from unreasonable searches and seizures. this is an example of
a right
According to the pluralist theory, group struggle is democratic if
all groups are allowed to participate.
countries that fail to adequately develop democratic procedures and norms fall into
authoritarianism
for the united states the core substantive principles of democracy are embedded in
bill of rights and other amendments to the constitution
A politician who appeals to and often deceives the masses by manipulating their emotions and prejudices is a(n)
demagogue
Compared to citizens in other nations, Americans
do not value order very much
Capitalism is best described as a(n)
economic system in which production and property are privately owned, with a minimum of government interference
examples of public goods are
education, sanitation, and highways
america's massive interstate highway system was initiated during the_____ administration
eisenhower
The idea that the most important government decisions are made by an identifiable and stable minority that shares certain characteristics is called
elite theory
When a college seeks to increase minority enrollment through affirmative action, the college is trying to achieve
equality of opportunity
If all citizens in society are given access to higher education but a particular social classes experiences higher dropout and failure rates, what has that society failed to provide?
equality of outcome
the text observed that the process of democratization is made quite difficult by
ethnic and religious conflicts
the pluralist model assumes
existence of interest groups, a decentralized structure of gov, ready access to public officials, openness to arguments for or against government policies
international organizations such as the league of nations and the united nations
explicitly respect national sovereignty as a guiding principle
franklin roosevelt's four freedoms included all of the following except
freedom from inequality
The concepts associated with the values commonly pursued by government include
freedom, order, equality
thomas hobbes supported a strong central government because
he believed that only a strong government could restrain people's selfish, animal instincts
A citizen's group gathers enough signatures on a petition to force a popular vote on a statewide lottery proposal. This proposal would represent a(n)
initiative
When the authors say that we live in an era of "globalization," they mean that citizens and nations are increasingly
interdependent
although they are instruments of majoritarian democracy, initiatives are often sponsored by
interest groups
one of the weaknesses of the procedural model of democracy is that
it permits policies that violate standards of substantive democracy
in order to understand political ideology, we must look at both the scope of governmental action and
its purpose
The broad, basic definition of government given by the text is
legitimate use of force within specified geographic boundaries to control human behavior
compared with equality of outcome, equality of opportunity requires a comparatively ____ level of government activity
low
The oldest objective of government is
maintaining order
The best contemporary example of an oligarchy would be a(n)
military dictatorship
all of the follwing are principles of procedural democracy except
minority rights
The concept of pluralism rests on the premise that
modern society consists of many groups that share economic, religious, ethnic, and cultural interests
globalization can be seen as a threat to
national sovereignty
those who claim that the pluralist model fits the united states better than the elite theory point out that
no identifiable elite wins consistently over a broad range of issues
the division of authority in the US constitution among competing branches and levels of government has encouraged the development of
pluralism
authors suggest that the united states fulfills the ____ model quite well
pluralist
Whereas majority rule is defined as decision making by 50 percent plus one person, _________ is defined as decision making by most participants.
plurality rule
governments authority to maintain order is known as its ____ power
police power
Each citizen having one vote demonstrates
political equality
democratization is the
process of institutionalizing the rules of procedural democracy and establishing substantive democratic policies.
of the following major objectives of government the most recent one is
promoting equality
Public goods can best be described as benefits and services
provided by government to benefit all citizens.
which theorist argues that a fundamental component of pluralist democracies is multiple centers of power without a sovereign
robert dahl
agreement among substantive theorists breaks down when the discussion moves from civil rights to
social rights and economic rights
A good contemporary example of a socialist government is found in:
sweden
A government pursuing laissez-faire policies would
take a hands-off attitude toward the economy
Anarchists have gained some visibility in recent years as a result of protests related to
the world trade organization
An underlying assumption of the text is that perfect freedom and order can never be achieved because
these three values are inherently in conflict and cannot be provided simultaneously
in athens, _____ were excluded from participation in assemblies
women, slaves, those who were new to the area
which president(s) promotes democracy abroad as a major foreign policy objective of his/their administration
woodrow wilson and george bush