AP Gov. Chapter 3
Which of the following parts of the United States Constitution is incorporated to the states based on the ruling in McDonald v. Chicago (2010)?
"[T]he right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed."
Which of the following scenarios is an example of a constitutional application of affirmative actions?
A federal contractor actively recruits qualified minorities and women for positions in the company.
In the Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States (1964), the Supreme Court ruled that Congress had the power under the commerce clause to pass the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Which of the following explains how this case is similar to Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954)?
Both cases challenged the authority of Congress to pass legislation that addressed local segregation.
Housing Covenants are agreements in the deed of a property that restricts the owner from doing certain things with the property. Some covenants prevented owners from selling to individuals of a specific race or ethnic group. In the case Shelly v. Kraemer (1948), the Supreme Court struck down racially restrictive housing covenants under the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. Which of the following cases is most similar to Shelly v. Kraemer (1948)?
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954)
5th Amendment
Due process, no self-incrimination, no double jeopardy
Which of the following cases addresses the issue of mandatory public school prayer?
Engel v. Vitale (1962)
1st Amendment
Freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition
Which of the following cases involves a state law that prevents women who are pregnant from seeking abortions?
Roe v. Wade (1973)
Students at a public university hold a peaceful protest to demonstrate against an increase in the cost of college tuition. Which of the following constitutional protections best applies to this scenario?
The First Amendment
A person accused of a crime cannot afford an attorney, so the state provides the accused with a public defender. Which of the following amendments in the Bill of Rights best applies in this scenario?
The Sixth Amendment
the elimination of literacy tests resulted from
The Voting Rights Act of 1965.
Under Roe v. Wade (1973), as originally decided, when may the state largely prohibit women from having abortions?
The state's interesting prohibiting abortions is greatest during the third trimester of the pregnancy; thus, the state may prohibit women from seeking abortions one some conditions.
Providing equal funding for women in school programs resulted from
Title IX of the Education Amendments in 1972.
7th Amendment
Trial by jury in civil cases
Once the Supreme Court rules on a case,
a different Supreme Court may change the initial ruling through a similar case.
The Supreme Court has the difficult job of balancing everyone's individual freedoms, as listed in the Bill of Rights, against
government's control and regulation of those rights to keep everyone safe and protected.
In most cases of social movements, government
has a delayed reaction to the population.
Speaking falsehoods that damage a person's reputation qualifies for litigation as
slander.
People who have suffered harm may sue others in court for damages under
tort law.
Which of the following cases arose from a state law that mandates public schools to begin the with the reading of a nondenominational prayer by a school official?
Engel v. Vitale (1962)
8th Amendment
No cruel & unusual punishment, no excessive bail.
3rd Amendment
No quartering of soldiers
The case Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) upheld the standard of "separate but equal" in American law. Which of the following explains how this case relates to Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954)?
Plessy established a precedent that was eventually overturned in the Brown case.
2nd Amendment
Right to keep and bear arms
In McDonald v. Chicago (2010), the Court ruled that the Second Amendment right to bear arms was applicable to the states. Which of the following sections of the United States Constitution did the Supreme Court use to support its ruling?
The doctrine of selective incorporation through the Fourteenth Amendment, holding that state action limiting gun rights deprived persons of "life, liberty, or property, without die process of law"
In Roe v. Wade (1973), the United States Supreme Court used what provision of the United States Constitution to extend the right to privacy to women seeking abortions?
The due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment
In Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954), the Supreme Court struck down racial segregation in public schools, finding that "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal." What constitutional clause did the Court rely most heavily on to reach this decision?
The equal protection clause
Ending segregation in public places resulted from
the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
10th Amendment
States' reserved rights
When governments impose prior restraint, they
stop the press from printing material.
Under the Accommodation Doctrine, governments may support religion if
they show no preference towards one religion and do not advance religious doctrine.
4th Amendment
No unreasonable search and seizure, probable cause arrests
Under the 5th and 14th Amendments, procedural due process means
government actions must be in accordance with the law.
9th Amendment
Non-enumerated rights retained by people
Which of the following is a doctrine based on the Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution that was used in McDonald v. Chicago (2010) to limit the power of states and protect the right to keep and bear arms?
Selective incorporation
6th Amendment
Speedy, public & local trial, confront witnesses, attorney
Which if the following is an example of affirmative action?
Harvard Medical School actively recruits highly qualified minorities and female applicants for its residency program.
In Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972) how did the Supreme Court's decision address state interests and individual rights?
It balanced the state's interest in compulsory education with the students' free exercise rights.
The police searched a suspect's smartphone without getting a warrant and found photo evidence of criminal activity. After a thorough investigation, the suspect was charged and the evidence obtained from the smartphone was used in the trial. Which of the following amendments contains the Bill of Rights Protections that were most likely violated in this scenario?
The Fourth Amendment
To qualify as "obscene," material must
be patently offensive, described in the law as obscene, and appeal to prurient interests with no redeeming social value.
Government protects the freedom of speech unless when doing so
creates a clear and president danger, promotes imminent lawless action, and creates a negative impact based on time, place, and conditions of speech.
On March 30, 1981, six secret service agents and police officers who were surrounding the President with guns were able to
do nothing to protect the President.
The Free Exercise Clause ensures that
government may not interfere with students' religious practices unless they break the law.
Affirmative Action was
initiated with President Kennedy's 1961 Executive Order 10925, in use for decades to provide minorities with advantages in hiring and college acceptance to help make up for prior oppression, and effectively halted by Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978)
Writing for the court in Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978), a case weighing whether or not race can be considered in college admissions, Supreme Court Justice Lewis Powell wrote that "...Race or ethnic background may be deemed a 'plus' in a particular applicant's file, yet it does not insulate the individual from comparison with all other candidates for the available seats." Which of the following legal concepts is Justice Powell considering in his statement?
Equal protection clause
In Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954), the Supreme Court reached the following conclusion: "[I]n the field of public education the doctrine of 'separate but equal' has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal. Therefore, we hold that the plaintiffs and others similarly situated for whom the actions have been brought are, by reason of the segregation complained of, deprived of the [protections of the of the Fourteenth Amendment]." What generally does the Fourteenth Amendment provide for?
Equal protection of the laws and due process
The United States Supreme Court reviewed state-mandated racial segregation in public schools. The Court stated that the separate schools "involved have been equalized, or are being equalized, with respect to buildings, curricula, qualifications and salaries of teachers, and other 'tangible' factors. Our decision, therefore, cannot turn on merely a comparison of these tangible factors [among the] schools involved in each of the cases. We must look instead to the effect of segregation itself on public education." Which of the following rules or clauses did the Supreme Court use to address the issue of racial segregation in public schools?
The Fourteenth Amendment's equal protection clause in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954)
Elizabeth Warren took out a fake political as on Facebook saying that Mark Zuckerberg supported President Trump, and Twitter decided to
adopt a new policy not to accept political ads.
Under the 5th and 14th amendments, substantive due process means
government must have fair and just laws prescribing government action.
Of the 7,000-8,000 cases appealed to the Supreme Court in any one year, the Supreme Court will typically hear
less than 100 cases.
The Supreme Court has extended protections of the Bill of Rights to states through the 14th Amendment
to prevent state infringement of basic liberties and reduce or eliminate state regulations in the process known as Selective Incorporation.