AP GOV Civil Liberties Review

Which of the following would most likely be protected by the First Amendment?

A student wears a black armband at school to protest government involvement in a war.

Which of the following best illustrates the protection of an individual's Fifth Amendment rights?

An appeals court rules that a lower court imposed excessive punishment on an individual who broke a law.

Which of the following illustrates a situation that would not be protected by the First Amendment due to time, place, and manner restrictions?

Antibusiness protestors are arrested and prosecuted for shutting down major intersections in New York City's Times Square during rush hour.

The president privately discusses with his staff a decision to increase economic sanctions on Iran. Before a final decision is made, a draft of the proposal is leaked to a reporter. The president orders the reporter and her newspaper to suspend publication of the plan, citing issues of national and economic security. Which of the following best indicates how a court would rule in this case if the Supreme Court's ruling in New York Times Co. v. United States (1971) was used as a precedent?

Because the president's staff leaked the documents and the newspaper obtained them in a legal manner, they may be published without prior restraint.

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the establishment clause and the free exercise clause?

Establishment Clause - Prohibits the federal government from promoting religion or creating a national religion Free Exercise Clause - Protects an individual's religious beliefs and reasonable religious practices

Most of the individual protections of the Bill of Rights now apply to the states because of the Supreme Court's interpretation of the Constitution's

Fourteenth Amendment

A classified Department of Defense study on the effectiveness of the United States involvement in the Afghanistan War is obtained by a newspaper. The president seeks to block the publication of the document. The court rules in favor of the newspaper, citing as precedent the Supreme Court's decision in New York Times Co. v. United States (1971). Based on the ruling in the Supreme Court's decision, which of the following lines of reasoning does the court most likely use?

Freedom of the press requires that the government show a significant danger to national security in order to stop publication.

In Engel v. Vitale (1962), which of the following provides the legal reasoning behind the Supreme Court's ruling?

It ruled that the state had no justifiable interest to compel students to listen to a nondenominational prayer led by public school teachers, finding a clear establishment clause violation.

The establishment clause in the First Amendment does which of the following?

Prohibits the setting up of a state church.

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of rights protected and not protected by the First Amendment?

Protected by the First Amendment - The right to burn a flag Not Protected by the First Amendment - Obscenity

Which of the following best defines civil liberties?

Provisions in the Bill of Rights that provide guarantees against arbitrary interference by government

A group unhappy with local law enforcement distributes a memo to members encouraging physical confrontations with police officers. The leaders of the group are promptly arrested. Which of the following Supreme Court cases best justifies the actions taken by law enforcement in this scenario?

Schenck v. United States (1919)

In the case of McDonald v. Chicago (2010) the Supreme Court ruled that the Second Amendment right to keep and bear arms for self-defense was applicable to the states. This ruling is an example of the application of the doctrine of

Selective incorporation

In Gideon v. Wainwright, the United States Supreme Court ruled that the

Sixth Amendment right-to-counsel provision applies to those accused of major crimes under state laws

The United States Supreme Court has used which of the following to incorporate the Bill of Rights into state law?

The Fourteenth Amendment

In McDonald v. Chicago (2010), the United States Supreme Court stated that, "[s]elf-defense is a basic right, recognized by many legal systems from ancient times to the present day" and that an individual's right to bear arms was "deeply rooted in this Nation's history and tradition." The quote points to which of the following amendments to the United States Constitution as a basis to limit state action?

The Second Amendment

Which of the following explains the constitutional reasoning in McDonald v. Chicago (2010) ?

The Second Amendment right to keep and bear arms for the purpose of self-defense is applicable to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment.

A public school district implemented a policy that allowed students to vote on whether they wanted a student-led prayer to be read at football games. This policy was later found to be unconstitutional by the United States Supreme Court. Which of the following clauses did the policy most likely violate?

The establishment clause

During an investigation, police officers find illegal drugs while searching a home for which they did not acquire a warrant. Which of the following would prevent the drugs from being used as evidence at trial?

The exclusionary rule

At a public high school, several students raised a banner and wore clothing in support of a candidate running in the upcoming presidential election during lunch period. The principal asked the students to put away the banner, citing safety concerns. Which of the following Supreme Court cases is most relevant to this scenario?

Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969)

In which of the following situations would the Supreme Court be most likely to utilize the doctrine of selective incorporation?

When an individual claims that a right protected by the Bill of Rights is infringed upon by a state

Which of the following cases decided whether a state could compel children to attend school beyond eighth grade even if it violated the students' sincerely held religious beliefs?

Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972)

The clear-and-present danger test devised by the Supreme Court was designed to define the conditions under which public authorities could

limit free speech

In Miranda v. Arizona, the United States Supreme Court declared that

police must inform criminal suspects of their constitutional rights before questioning suspects after arrest

With respect to prayer in public schools, the United States Supreme Court has ruled that

state-sponsored prayer violates the establishment clause of the First Amendment

The free-exercise clause protects

voluntary prayer by student groups before school