AP Gov Khan Academy Unit 3

"[I]t has already been incontrovertibly shown that on the present occasion a bill of rights was totally unnecessary, and that it might be accompanied with some inconveniency and danger if there was any defect in the attempt to enumerate the privileges of the people. This system proposes a union of thirteen sovereign and independent states in order to give dignity and energy to the transaction of their common concerns. It would be idle, therefore to countenance the idea that any other powers were delegated to the general government than those specified in the Constitution itself." Justice Thomas McKean at the Pennsylvania State Convention to ratify the Constitution, edited by John Back McMaster and Frederick D. Stone, 1788 Which of the following best summarizes the author's argument?

A Bill of Rights would potentially give the federal government more power than is explicitly stated in the Constitution

Based on previous rulings, the Supreme Court is most likely to view a case concerning which of the following as an establishment clause case?

A courthouse prominently displays the Ten Commandments

Which of the following scenarios would be an example of a violation of one of the civil liberties protected by the Bill of Rights?

A federal court refuses to provide a lawyer for a defendant who cannot afford one

Which of the following scenarios is an example of how a state can reasonably restrict speech protected under the First Amendment?

A group of protesters is arrested after staging a sit-in on the governor's front lawn to protest a Voter ID law

Based on previous rulings, the Supreme Court is most likely to view a case concerning which of the following as a symbolic speech case?

A man who was arrested for waving a Nazi flag at a rally

The establishment clause is best defined as which of the following?

A provision of the First Amendment which prohibits the federal government from making an official American religion

Based on previous rulings, which of the following scenarios would most likely violate the freedom of speech clause of the First Amendment?

A woman is arrested for shouting "Fire!" in a theater when there was no real emergency, causing a panic

Which of the following actions by a news organization would most likely be protected from prior restraint based on the precedent established by New York Times Co. v. United States (1971)?

Broadcasting a televised report that analyzes classified information about government surveillance of other countries

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of civil liberties and civil rights? Civil liberties Civil rights A Right to a fair court trial Freedom from racial discrimination B Freedom of religion Freedom of assembly C Freedom from gender discrimination Freedom from unreasonable search and seizure D Right to vote Right to privacyWhich of the following is an accurate comparison of civil liberties and civil rights? Civil libertiesCivil rightsARight to a fair court trialFreedom from racial discriminationBFreedom of religionFreedom of assemblyCFreedom from gender discriminationFreedom from unreasonable search and seizureDRight to voteRight to privacy

Comparison A

In 1976, a Nebraska state trial judge issued a gag order, restricting the press from publishing or broadcasting information about the case. The Nebraska Press Association appealed the ruling and the case went to the Supreme Court. The Court ruled that the press reporting events surrounding the trial would not affect the defendant's right to a fair trial. Which of the following constitutional protections or clauses does this case have in common with New York Times Co. v. United States (1971)?

Freedom of the press

Which statement accurately summarizes the impact of the New York Times Co. v. United States (1971) decision?

It limited the federal government's power to censor free speech or the publication of classified information

Which of the following statements best explains how the ruling in Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972) changed the balance of power between governments and protection for individual liberties?

It limited the power of state governments by declaring a state law requiring Amish children to attend school until they were 16 as a violation of the First Amendment

Which of the following statements best explains how the Court's ruling in Engel v. Vitale (1962) changed the balance between governmental power and individual liberty?

It limited the power of state governments by striking down a school policy that required the reading of a prayer at the start of the school day

Which of the following describes a reason why the Framers decided to include a Bill of Rights?

It was specifically designed to protect individual liberties and rights from a strong central government

"In the First Amendment, the Founding Fathers gave the free press the protection it must have to fulfill its essential role in our democracy. The press was to serve the governed, not the governors. The Government's power to censor the press was abolished so that the press would remain forever free to censure the Government. The press was protected so that it could bare the secrets of government and inform the people. Only a free and unrestrained press can effectively expose deception in government." -Justice Hugo Black Supporters of Black's view that "only a free and unrestrained press can effectively expose deception in government" could point to which of the following cases?

New York Times Co. v. United States (1971)

"The character of every act depends upon the circumstances in which it is done. The most stringent protection of free speech would not protect a man in falsely shouting fire in a theatre and causing a panic." Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. Supporters of Justice Holmes's argument could point to which of the following cases?

Schenck v. United States (1919)

W.A Rogers, "Now for a round-up," 1918. Cartoon depicting Uncle Sam rounding up men labeled "Spy" and "Traitor," while a flag reading "Sedition Law Passed" flies over the US Capitol. Source: Library of Congress(Opens in a new window) Which of the following Supreme Court cases is most relevant to the topic of the cartoon?

Schenck v. United States (1919)

"There are other good things of less moment. I will now add what I do not like [about the Constitution]. First the omission of a bill of rights providing clearly & without the aid of sophisms for freedom of religion, freedom of the press, protection against standing armies, restriction against monopolies, the eternal & unremitting force of the habeas corpus laws, and trials by jury in all matters of fact triable by the laws of the land & not by the law of Nations. . . . Let me add that a bill of rights is what the people are entitled to against every government on earth, general or particular, & what no just government should refuse or rest on inference." -Thomas Jefferson, letter to James Madison(Opens in a new window), 20 December 1787 Based on the text, which of the following statements would the author most likely agree with?

The Bill of Rights places necessary restrictions on the federal government's power

"There are other good things of less moment. I will now add what I do not like [about the Constitution]. First the omission of a bill of rights providing clearly & without the aid of sophisms for freedom of religion, freedom of the press, protection against standing armies, restriction against monopolies, the eternal & unremitting force of the habeas corpus laws, and trials by jury in all matters of fact triable by the laws of the land & not by the law of Nations. . . . Let me add that a bill of rights is what the people are entitled to against every government on earth, general or particular, & what no just government should refuse or rest on inference." -Thomas Jefferson, letter to James Madison(Opens in a new window), 20 December 1787 Based on the text, which of the following statements would the author most likely agree with? Choose 1 answer:

The Bill of Rights places necessary restrictions on the federal government's power

Which of the following scenarios is an example of how the federal government can restrict protected speech under the First Amendment?

The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) makes a rule requiring television networks to use an automated beep when a vulgar word is said on broadcast television

In 1961, students who attended public schools in Pennsylvania were required to read at least ten verses from the Bible. After students finished reading the readings, school officials required that all students recite the Lord's Prayer. In 1963, the Supreme Court heard the case and ruled that the readings and recitations violated a provision of the First Amendment. Which of the following constitutional clauses does this case have in common with Engel v. Vitale (1962)?

The establishment clause

In 2006, the Supreme Court heard a case about a state banning a substance used during religious ceremonies. The state banned the substance because it contained a drug prohibited by the Controlled Substances Act. But the religious organization, O Centro Espirita Beneficiente Uniao de Vegetal (UDV) said the government was interfering with religious practices by banning the use of the substance. The Supreme Court agreed and ruled that the government did not prove a compelling interest in regulating the UDV's use of drugs for religious ceremonies. Which of the following constitutional clauses does this case have in common with Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972)?

The free exercise clause

Which of the following statements accurately summarizes the decision in New York Times Co. v. United States (1971)?

The government violated the First Amendment and could not stop the newspaper from publishing its article