ap gov midterm review 2!

D

Arizona enacted an immigration law in 2010, claiming the legislation complemented existing federal law. The Obama administration disagreed, claiming the state law conflicted with national law. Which clause of the Constitution did the Supreme Court most likely use to strike down a section of the state law? A. commerce clause B. necessary and proper clause C. full faith and credit clause D. supremacy clause

B

Based on the data in the chart, which of the following is true? A. the percentage of liberal decision made by the federal districts courts on civil rights and civil liberties cases increased between 1900 and 1928 B. the percentage of liberal decision made by the SC on civil rights and civil liberties cases decreased between 1964 and 1996 C. the number of civil rights and civil liberties cases heard by the SC declined between 1944 and 1952 D. the number of civil rights and civil liberties cases heard by the federal district courts decreased between 1972 and 1992

A

Both Gitlow v. NY and NY Times v. Sullivan are USSC cases that dealt with which of the following amendments to the US Constitution? A. 1st B. 2nd C. 5th D. 15th

E

Brown v Board of Education vs Topeka (1954) was a significant SC ruling bc it A. placed limitations on the fed govt and affirmed the rights of the people and of the states B. made it illegal for members of the communist party to be schoolteachers C. upheld laws allowing for the internment of ethnic groups during wartime D. applied the freedom of press provision of the 1st amendment to the states by means of the 14th amendment E. held the "separate but equal" concept to be a violation of the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment

D

Critics of the winner-take-all aspect of the electoral college are most likely to make which of the following arguments? A. the winner-take-all system of the electoral college undermines the rights of the states B. a state's presidential election results rarely mirror a state's congressional election results C. the winner- take-all system of the electoral college drives presidential candidates to focus on winning states that are considered to be part of their core supporters D. the winner-take-all system of the electoral college encourages presidential candidates to focus their time and effort disproportionately on battleground states with larger pops

C

South Carolina passed a law to increase the state tax on gasoline to help fund repairs on highways and bridges. the state tax is in addition to the federal tax on every gallon of gasoline that is sold. which of the following constitutional provisions does this scenario illustrate? A. delegated pwrs B. reserved pwrs C. concurrent pwrs D. exclusive pwrs

B

The case US v Lopez (1995) struck down the Gun-Free School Zones Act b/c: A. it violated 4th amendment protections against unwarranted searches B. congress exceeded its authority in the use of the commerce clause C. the second amendment is a right incorporated to the states D. students retain their first amendment rights while attending public schools

C

The debates between Federalists and Anti-Federalists were primarily about which of the following issues? A. right of the people to rebel B. the existence of slavery C. the scope of power of the central government D. the need to establish a standard currency E. the representation of large and small states

E

Unlike the Articles of Confederation, the Constitution does which of the following? A. restricts the ability of congress to tax B. restricts the ability of congress to establish an army or navy C. establishes a unitary form of govt D. emphasizes state sovereignty over national sovereignty E. emphasizes both national sovereignty and federalism

A

Which of the following factors most likely led to shifts in SC decision making over time? A. the ideological composition of the justices on the SC shifted to become less liberal over time B. rather than pass new legislation, congress was inclined to refer civil rights legislation to the SC C. after 1960, the SC deferred to the wishes of state and local govts rather than voting to expand the authority of the federal govt D. constitutional amendments enabled the SC to issue more liberal decisions

A

Which of the following rulings is most likely to cite the SC decision in Tinker v Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969) as a legal precedent in support of the decision? A. ruling in favor of students to print their opinions in a school newspaper B. ruling against a public school's practice of having prayer at school assemblies C. a ruling supporting the creation of gun-free zones in public schools D. a ruling enforcing mandatory vaccinations for all children before attending school

B

Which of the following statements represents a trend supported by the data in the bar graph? A. both party caucuses in the house consisted of more moderate members in 2012 than in 2002 B. the republican caucus consisted of more ideologically conservative members in 1982 than in 2012 C. the number of house members between the most liberal republican and the most conservative democrat decreased between 1982 and 2012 D. the party caucuses in the senate are more ideologically diverse than those in the house of reps

D

Which of the following was a direct outcome of the 3/5 compromise? A. number of senators increased in slaveholding states B. slavery quickly declined, especially in larger cities in the south C. slaveholding states were able to count slaves to determine their number of senators D. the number of reps in the house of reps from slaveholding states increased

B

a political science professor is researching the effects that the 15th and 26th amendments have had on the american political system. which of the following is the most likely reason the professor is researching these amendments? A. to study the expansion of the right to equal protection under the law B. to study the expansion of voting rights C. to study the expansion of due process rights D. to study the expansion of federal authority over states

B

a woman= arrested for possessing illegal substances that were obtained after warrantless search of her home by police. which of the following best explains whether the evidence could be used in criminal trial? A. the due process rights of 5th amendment require that the evidence be reviewed by the prosecution before being admitted as evidence in court B. the exclusionary rule, derived from the fourth amendment, prevents the evidence from being used against the suspect C. since the evidence obtained suggests illegal activity, the evidence may be used against the defendant in criminal trial D. if the case is in the state court system,the evidence can be used against the defendant

C

based on the data, which of the following is the most likely consequence for the legislative process in congress? A. more competitive races for house seats in the general election B. a decrease in party-line voting on impt legislation introduced in the house C. an increase in gridlock and failure to compromise on legislation D. greater cooperation between congress and the pres on nominations

B

based on the passage above, which of the following constitutional provision would the author most likely identify as a solution to the problem of the imperial presidency? A. congress exercising the power to regulate commerce B. congress insisting that it declare war prior to the use of international force C. the president making stronger use of bureaucratic discretion D. congress creating term limits for all members of govt

E

compared to the general population, delegates to presidential nomination conventions are A. less interested in politics B. less educated C. financially worse off D. more likely to register as indep E. more ideological

C

congress passes a law requiring that all public accommodations provide access for people with disabilities. the USSC rules that the law does not apply to the airline industry. which of the following is the best way for congress to provide people with disabilities access to the airline industry in light of the court's ruling? A. appeal the ruling to the united states court of appeals B. override the court with a two-thirds majority in both chambers C. pass a new law that specifies that the airlines must provide access for people with disabilities D. remove members of the SC who ruled against the law and have the president appoint new justices

A

cooperative federalism can best be described by which of the following statements? A. different levels of govt are involved in common policy areas B. govt must have cooperation from the people in order to make legislative decisions C. local levels of govt can make decision on issues more efficiently than state and national governments can D. the federal govt must make regulations that can be applied across every state in the same way E. business and govt an work together to more effectively accomplish shared goals

C

explanations for low voter turnout include all of the following EXCEPT A. registration requirements B. weak party affiliation C. laws protecting voting rights for minorities D. weekday elections E. frequency of elections at the state and local level

A

in may of 2015, a federal appeals court ruled that the national security agency's collection of americans' phone records was in violation of the USA PATRIOT act. which of the following core values are involved in the national debate regarding the surveillance program referred to in this scenario? A. liberty versus stability and order B. majority rule versus minority rights C. states' rights versus federal authority D. common good versus freedom of expression

D

on nov 2, 2014, poll reported 51 perc of americans support legalizing marijuana, while 47 percent oppose legalization. the reported margin of sampling error was +/- 4 perc. which of the following inferences can be made from the poll? A. more people support marijuana legalization than oppose it B. more states are passing laws in support of marijuana legalization C. a majority of people under 35 yrs of age support legalizing marijuana D. it is unclear whether more ppl support marijuana legalization than oppose it

A

since 1972, voters in pres elections have A. become more focused on individual candidates B. increasingly based their votes on televised candidate debates C. become more influenced by party platforms D. become more likely to focus on local rather than national conditions E. become more likely to rely on print media for info

B

the SC ruled in McDonald v Chicago (2010) that a citizen's right to keep and bear arms at home for self-defense is protected from state and federal infringement. which of the following is most relevant to that decision? A. full faith and credit B. selective incorporation C. equal protection D. eminent domain

E

the differences shown in the table demonstrate which of the following? A. political efficacy B. women's greater political participation C. men's greater political participation D. age discrimination E. the gender gap

C

the free-exercise clause protects A. the president from forcibly revealing private conversations with staff B. individuals who, for religious reasons, refuse to pay social security taxes C. voluntary prayer by student groups before school D. a persons right to burn the american flag E. a persons right to practice polygamy

C

the graphic illustrates which of the following statements about political parties? A. federalism leads to a multiparty system in which at least 3 parties generally compete for control of local, state, national govts B. the founders refused to join political parties because they agreed that parties were contrary to the public interests, so parties did not form until well after the ratification of the constitution C. there is an ongoing debate btwn political parties over the pwr and scope of the fed govt, even as economic and demographic changes have altered party coalitions D. the constitution settled the debate over the pwr of the fed go, but political parties formed nonetheless to help congress organize itself over regional interests

B

the language in the first paragraph of the selection most closely parallels that of which of the following documents? A. preamble to the US constitution B. declaration of independence C. federalist 10 D. brutus 1

C

the washington post receives a top secret report that details how the executive branch mishandled a deal made with a foreign nation regarding nuclear weapons. the executive branch attempts to stop the publishing of the report, but the publishers cite the precedent in NY times company v US (1971) establishing which of the following legal rules? A. the application of strict scrutiny B. the exclusionary rule for evidence C. the heavy presumption against prior restraint D. time, place, manner restrictions

A

which best describes a likely reason for the information depicted in the graph? A. an increase in concerns over media bias B. an increase in the median age of the population C. a decrease in the number of media outlets D. a decrease in ideological news coverage

B

which constitutional principle best explains the differences in poverty rates presented in the map? A. checks and balances B. federalism C. equal protection D. enumerated powers

D

which of the following amendments to the united states constitution addresses the grievance that a woman is not permitted "to exercise her inalienable right to the elective franchise"? A. 14th B. 15th C. 17th D. 19th

C

which of the following best captures a portion of the author's argument? A. women elected officials have not done enough to pass laws promoting women's rights B. men and women are legally equal, but women are morally superior to men C. the govt has made women subservient by denying them the right to vote D. women have faced too much suffrage due to the actions of the govt

C

which of the following illustrates a situation that would not be protected by the 1st amendment due to time, place, and manner restrictions? A. a student is expelled from school for wearing a black t-shirt expressing opposition to a law recently passed by the state legislature B. an organization regarded as a hate group is not able to obtain a permit to march thru a major city bc of its message C. antibusiness protestors are arrested and prosecuted for shutting down major intersections in NYC's time square during rush hour D. an independent political advocacy organization is prevented by the FCC from running political advertisements on television

B

which of the following is a correct comparison btwn the US constitution and the articles of confederation? A. CONST- favored stronger national govt AOC- favored a federal system B. CONST- granted congress the power to levy taxes AOC- granted states alone the power to levy taxes C. CONST- required approval by 3/4 of congress for a constitutional amendment AOC- required unanimity of congress to amend D. CONST- granted congress the power to declare war AOC- granted the congress power to regulate trade

A

which of the following is a correct comparison of the positions of libertarians and conservatives on matters of social policy? A. LIBS- support the right of same sex marriage CONS- oppose the right of same sex marriage B. LIBS- oppose the criminalization of rec drug use CONS- support stricter gun control laws C. LIBS- support the use of the death penalty CONS- oppose the use of the death penalty D. LIBS- support laws to restrict abortion CONS- oppose affirmative action programs

E

which of the following is a fundamental element of the US constitution? A. recognition of the centrality of political parties in govt B. direct election of members of the executive branch C. executive branch that is more powerful than the legislature D. emphasis on a unitary system of govt E. division of govt authority across political institutions

B

which of the following is a limitation of the data when drawing a conclusion about the most important problem facing the country in 2017? A. the results are incomplete, and only 3 perc of respondents were taken into account when the list was compiled B. the data were collected in a short time frame, which does not reveal full-year trends C. the data were compiled from an exit poll; therefore, the data reflect only the views of registered voters D. respondents were presented with a list of problems from which they could choose more than once

C

which of the following is an example of congress using its implied powers? A. congress changing the tax code so that individuals making more than 350k per year have to pay higher taxes B. congress requesting that the supreme court review the constitutionality of a state gun-control law C. congress passing occupational safety regulations for the private sector D. congress ratifying a new trade agreement with mexico and canada

D

which of the following is true based on the info in the map? A. the number of people living in poverty is lower in maine (ME) than in new jersey (NJ) B. northern states tend to have higher poverty rates than southern states C. the poverty rate in the US has increased since the last census was taken D. the poverty rate in the US varies by state and region

B

which of the following is true of PACS? A. they are a part of political party organizations B. they make campaign contributions to gain access to legislators C. they are allowed to contribute to only one candidate in a given contest D. they effectively control the presidential campaigns E. they may operate at the state level but not at the national level

C

which of the following is true of the voting rights act of 1965? A. it was unnecessary bc the 15th amendment effectively guaranteed african americans the right to vote B. it has never been applied to any group except southern african americans C. it has been a major instrument for increasing the number of african american and other minority voters D. it was declared unconstitutional by the ussc in shaw v reno E. it requires that minority officeholders be elected

C

which of the following represents the most likely way the information in the table will be used? A. the media will use the data tot present horse race coverage of elections B. PACS will use the data to determine which candidates for elected office they will support C. congress will use the data to suggest that there is support for their legislative proposals D. social movements will use this data in their legal briefings before the federal courts

C

which of the following scenarios best explains how the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment has influenced political behavior? A. Grassroots libertarian advocacy organizations have advocated in favor of less economic regulation of the marketplace B. the SC has ruled that the 5th amendment prohibition on double jeopardy was made applicable to the states C. Civil rights leaders such as MLK cited constitutional arguments as a basis for opposing segregation and inequality D. Pres FDR's state of the union address urged Congress to pass legislation that would ensure greater economic security for the American people

A

which of the following scenarios best explains the inclusion of Title IX as part of the Education Amendments of 1972? A. members of congress added the amendment to the bill in response to social movements seeking to address inequality in education for women B. paid lobbyists added the amendment on behalf of teachers unions in order to increase pay and tenure for public school teachers C. pres lyndon johnson used the power of the bully pulpit to pressure members of congress to pass a bill that would legally desegregate schools D. the department of justice added the amendment in order to provide legal guidance to states to enforce the ERA

A

which of the following scenarios explains how demographic factors affect voter participation in elections? A. wealthier individs are more likely to become involved in campaigns because they believe that their actions may influence the candidates B. individs who belong to marginalized groups are likely to participate in elections because their issues are often highlighted by political party leaders C. PACS raise money from their donors, which they use to run television advertisements during campaigns D. gerrymandered districts are likely to produce competitive districts, which leads to lower turnout rates in elections

B

which of the following scenarios is most closely related to the SC's decision in Citizens United v FEC (2010)? A. a member of congress establishes a political action committee to gain influence within the camber. B. a labor union spends millions of dollars of independently run negative advertisements about a presidential candidate shortly before the election C. a state senator receive a large cash donation from a corporate executive in exchange for specific political favors D. a lobbyist writes the language of a bill that is later introduced into both chambers of congress

B

which of the following situations best reflects the author's concern about an "imperial" presidency? A. the senate ratifying treaties without executive approval B. the president issuing an increasing number of executive agreements C. congress declaring war independent of the president D. the president appointing a new secretary of education

C

which of the following statements about americans' trust in the mass media is best supported by the data in the graph? A. it generally increased over time B. it experienced its largest increase in 2013 C. it generally decreased over time D. it experienced its largest decrease in 2016

E

which of the following statements about political parties and the US constitution is true? A. according to the constitution, only two major political parties may exist at any time. B. the constitution requires political parties to be restricted by both federal and state law C. the constitution indicates that political party leaders at the national level be elected by political party leaders at the state level D. the constitution specifies that political party leaders must be native-born US citizens E. the issue of political parties is not addressed in the constitution

C

which of the following statements is a correct implication of the author's argument? A. the modern president has abused the power of the executive branch through the use of the bully pulpit B. federal courts play a substantial role in the american political system, but they have been unable to check the executive C. the perception of multiple crisis has led to the growth of an executive branch that is undermining the separation of power in the govt D. the constitution has failed to protect the separation of pwrs by giving the executive branch and the president too much pwr

D

which of the following statements is best supported by the date in the table above? A. latinos are fairly homogeneous in their party identification B. latinos have become substantially more supportive of the dem party than they were in the 1950s C. the majority of latinos probably voted for clinton in 1992 D. latinos of cuban descent are more supportive of the republican party than are latinos of mexican or puerto rican descent E. latinos of mexican descent are less likely to consider themselves independent than are latinos of cuban or puerto rican descent

B

which of the following statements regarding political parties is true based on the graphic? A. the dem party has consistently favored states rights B. the rep party initially emerged as an antislavery political party C. regional interests have not played a major role in any of the party systems D. the dem and rep parties were the two major parties during the 1st party system

A

which of the following= best example of categorical grant? A. money given to states for special education programs B. money given to individs in the form of tax rebates C. money given to states unconditionally D. money given to states to spend at their discretion on transportation E. money given directly to private business for economic development