AP Gov - Unit 4
A student gains admittance to a university solely based on academic performance.
Which of the following examples describes the core value of equality of opportunity?
The passage could convince more members of Congress to support Medicare for all.
Which of the following explains how the passage could influence policy trends in health care? ("Dr. Ann Toy, Marin Voice, August 27, 2018.")
Due to the nature of single-payer health-care systems, the federal government would be responsible for funding and administering a Medicare-for-all system.
Which of the following explains how the role of government in health-care policy would be influenced if the policy proposal in the passage were to be implemented? ("Dr. Ann Toy, Marin Voice, August 27, 2018.")
Taking part in civic education affects whether or not an individual participates politically.
Which of the following explains how the scenario described in the passage relates to political behavior? ("CIRCLE, 2013")
Most Democrats and Republicans surveyed believe that an increase in social security taxes is needed to address social security deficits.
Which of the following explanations is least supported by information on the chart? ("Relationship Between Party and Views On Policy Priorities")
The federal government should provide funding to families to pursue schooling options other than the public school system.
Which of the following is a necessary step for the government to take to protect school choice, based on the article? (Betsy DeVos, Secretary of Education, January 16, 2018)
The chart does not account for the segments of the population that identify as Independents.
Which of the following is a possible limitation depicted by the data presented in the chart? ("Relationship Between Party and Views On Policy Priorities")
The passage might convince a moderate to oppose a single-payer system of health care and contact their representatives in Congress to indicate their opposition.
Which of the following most likely explains how the views of moderates would be affected by this passage? ("Dr. Ann Toy, Marin Voice, August 27, 2018.")
The Republican Party
Which of the following parties would be most likely to support requiring voters to show photo identification when going to the voting booth?
The Republican Party
Which of the following political parties would be most likely to oppose reduced sentencing for nonviolent felony offenders?
Increasing taxes on the wealthiest Americans
Which of the following public policies would Democrats be most likely to support?
Securing a universal health care system
Which of the following public policies would Democrats be most likely to support?
Opening public lands for ranching and oil exploration
Which of the following public policies would Republicans be most likely to support?
Reducing government funding to organizations that provide reproductive services
Which of the following public policies would Republicans be most likely to support?
The line graph does not illustrate differences along party lines regarding the perception of the Federal Reserve.
Which of the following statements accurately explains a limitation of the line graph? ("Relationship Between Ideology and Views of the Federal Reserve")
tracking poll
A continuous poll to chart changes in opinion over time
The rule of law
A member of Congress is arrested and convicted of failing to pay the proper amount of income tax. Which of the following core American values is most relevant to this case?
benchmark poll
A poll usually used by a candidate to find out where the candidate stands before any campaigning. They learn strengths, weaknesses, and what issues to focus on
free enterprise
An economic system based mostly on markets and freedom of people to choose what to buy and sell
political ideology
Consistent set of political values and beliefs about the purpose and scope of government. (Conservative, liberal, and libertarian)
generational effects
Different voting patterns and political beliefs of people from different generations
liberals
Favorite more economic regulation, higher taxes on those with higher incomes, favorite government spending on entitlement programs to promote social and economic equality, decreased defense spending, focus on protecting the rights of the accused, believe government should not regulate private personal matters, support public education, oppose vouchers, especially those that can be used to attend religious schools, and favor social liberty.
fiscal policy
Government policy that attempts to manage the economy by controlling taxing and spending. Conducted by Congress and President
monetary policy
Government policy that attempts to manage the economy by controlling the money supply and thus interest rates. Conducted by the Federal Reserve
Keynesian economics
Government should stimulate the economy during recessions but increase in government spending to jumpstart the economy (liberals like this)
supply-side economics
Government should stimulate the economy during recessions by cutting taxes to encourage businesses to grow and taxpayers to spend more money; laissez-faire (conservatives like this)
free market economics
Government should take no action during a recession; the economy will fix itself (libertarians like this)
limited government
Governmental power is limited by the constitution
The trend appears to indicate that Clinton is more likely to win, but factors such as margin of error and the electoral system also need to be taken into account.
In the 2016 election, Donald Trump won the election despite losing the popular vote by about two percent. The line graph illustrates which of the following about presidential election polling? ("2016 Presidential Election Tracking Poll")
To support a parents' right to choose where their child goes to school
The author in the passage seeks to convince those uncertain about the policy of school choice to do which of the following? (Betsy DeVos, Secretary of Education, January 16, 2018)
Those making inferences from polling results should understand the methods used by pollsters.
The data from the two polls, which ask the same question, illustrate which of the following? ("What one issue mattered most to you in deciding how you voted for president?"
Republicans believe climate change is a priority for state governments rather than the federal government.
The data in the chart is too limited to support which if the following generalizations? ("Relationship Between Party and Views On Policy Priorities")
Whether or not there was a decrease in support for the Federal Reserve after the 2008 financial crisis
The data in the line graph would be least useful to a researcher interested in finding out which of the following? ("Relationship Between Ideology and Views of the Federal Reserve")
Limited government
The idea of having a constitution, which includes a separation of powers and a system of checks and balances, promotes which of the following core American values?
rule of law
The idea that no person is above the law
The timing of political events covered by the news which temporarily influenced preferences
The polling in the summer of 2016 shows a sharp increase in popular support for Clinton, followed by a sharp increase in popular support for Trump. Which of the following factors most likely accounts for these increases in popular support? ("2016 Presidential Election Tracking Poll")
political socializatiom
The process of a person obtaining their political ideology. It is affected by their family/parents, peers, education, media, and religion
Some life experiences that socialize individuals into politics affect specific behaviors but not partisanship or ideology.
The students mentioned in the passage did not have a strong preference in candidates or increased levels of partisanship, despite their exposure to civics education. Which of the following explains this type of political socialization? ("CIRCLE, 2013")
described as momentum by the trailing Trump campaign to encourage supporters to vote
The trend in late October and early November showing Clinton ahead but an increase in support for Trump most likely would be ("2016 Presidential Election Tracking Poll")
The formats of the survey questions are different. (One used open-ended format, while the other gives five choices.)
Which of the following elements of polling likely created the difference in the poll results? ("What one issue mattered most to you in deciding how you voted for president?"
globalization
US political culture has both influenced and been influenced by the political values of people from other countries
States without the death penalty were more likely to cast their ballots for the Democrat, Hillary Clinton, in the 2016 election.
Using both maps, which of the following best explains how states WITHOUT the death penalty voted in the 2016 presidential election?
The maps show that the southern and middle parts of the United States have conservative views on social issues.
Using both maps, which of the following best explains why support for the death penalty is concentrated in the southern and middle parts of the United States?
The maps show that states with the death penalty were more likely to vote for the Republican, Donald Trump, in the 2016 election.
Using both maps, which of the following explains how states WITH the death penalty voted in the 2016 election?
The maps show that states with the lowest corporate tax rate were more likely to vote for the Republican, Donald Trump, in the 2016 election.
Using both of the maps, which of the following best explains how states with the lowest corporate tax rates voted in the 2016 election?
The maps indicate that states that have high corporate tax rates are more likely to enact liberal policies.
Using both of the maps, which of the following best explains the role that ideology has played in the shaping of corporate tax rates?
The maps show that states with the highest corporate tax rates were more likely to vote for the Democrat, Hillary Clinton, in the 2016 election.
Using both the maps, which of the following best explains how states with the highest corporate tax rates voted in the 2016 election?
Opponents of school choice could take the Department of Education to federal court and have the school choice policy declared unconstitutional.
Which of the following actions would give opponents of school choice the best chance of preventing the Department of Education from adopting the policy outlined above? (Betsy DeVos, Secretary of Education, January 16, 2018)
More people become more socially conservative over time than more socially liberal.
Which of the following are supported by the data in the table? ("Progression of Political and Social Views by Generation, 2014")
The closed-ended format limited respondents to fewer options, which forced respondents to focus on the most important issue of those options.
Which of the following best explains how the format affected the polls? ("What one issue mattered most to you in deciding how you voted for president?"
Political socialization
Which of the following concepts is most closely related to the passage? ("CIRCLE, 2013")
Most who identify as very conservative believe that the Federal Reserve should be abolished.
Which of the following descriptions is the information on the line graph too limited to support? ("Relationship Between Ideology and Views of the Federal Reserve")
Equality of opportunity
each person has an opportunity to succeed, however equality of outcome is not guaranteed
public opinion polls
poll to measure public opinion on a particular issue
entrance/exit polls
taken as people enter or exit polling places on election day. Used to predict election outcome, to gain insight into voter behavior, and to analyze how different democratic groups voted
conservatives
traditional American values, favor less economic regulation, lower taxes, cut government spending on entitlement programs (freebies), increased defense spending, more police, more punishment of crime, government should protect traditional values even if this intrudes on individual freedoms, support vouchers to attend private schools, and favor social order.
libertarians
want total freedom, little to no regulation beyond protection of property rights, minimal taxation, dramatic decrease in government spending, including on entitlement programs, favor of dramatic reduction in defense spending, decriminalization of victimless crime's and protecting the rights of the accused, Believe government should not regulate private personal matters, favor privatization of education, and favor social liberty.