AP Government - Chapter 5 - Civil Liberties

Interest groups are protected under the Constitution by the

First Amendment

Schenck v United States

1919--Case involving limits on free speech. Established the "clear and present danger" principle.

Brown v Board of Education

1954 - The Supreme Court overruled Plessy v. Ferguson, declared that racially segregated facilities are inherently unequal and ordered all public schools desegregated.

Citizens United v Federal Election Commission

A 2010 landmark Supreme Court case that ruled that individuals, corporations, and unions could donate unlimited amounts of money to groups that make independent political expenditures.

Engel v Vitale

A nondenominational prayer was authorized to be said at the start of each day at local public schools. Result: The prayer violated the establishment clause. = 1st A.

Which of the following would most likely be protected by the First Amendment?

A student wears a black armband at school to protest government involvement in a war.

2nd Amendment

A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.

Wisconsin v Yoder

Amish do not have to attend school after 8th grade - right to freedom of religion 1st Amendment

14th Amendment

Declares that all persons born in the U.S. are citizens and are guaranteed equal protection of the laws

Mapp v Ohio

Established the exclusionary rule was applicable to the states (evidence seized illegally cannot be used in court) (found porn when wasn't looking for it)

4th Amendment

Freedom from unreasonable searches and seizures

1st Amendment

Freedom of Religion, Speech, Press, Assembly, and Petition

In Engel v. Vitale (1962), which of the following provides the legal reasoning behind the Supreme Court's ruling?

It ruled that the state had no justifiable interest to compel students to listen to a nondenominational prayer led by public school teachers, finding a clear establishment clause violation.

8th Amendment

No cruel or unusual punishment

The establishment clause in the First Amendment does which of the following?

Prohibits the setting up of a state church.

Which of the following best defines civil liberties?

Provisions in the Bill of Rights that provide guarantees against arbitrary interference by government

6th Amendment

Right to a fair, speedy trial

7th Amendment

Right to a trial by jury in civil cases

Which of the following Supreme Court cases establishes that a woman has a due process right to make a decision whether or not to have an abortion?

Roe v. Wade (1973)

NY Times v United States

Ruling on the Pentagon Papers which exposed government deception in the Vietnam War Government tried to stop using Prior Restraint Court Ruled Government did not meet "heavy burden" necessary to stop publication

Tinker v Des Moines

The case that ruled that students do not lose Constitutional rights when they entered the building but they can be limited if they cause a disruption - wore black arm bands

9th Amendment

The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.

10th Amendment

The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.

The "wall of separation" doctrine refers to the

division of church and state

The free-exercise clause protects

voluntary prayer by student groups before school

The author's main argument is that the Second Amendment

was added to the Constitution to ensure that militias would have arms

According to the clear and present danger test, speech may be restricted

when it incites violent action

Which of the following scenarios, related to the First Amendment, best illustrates the "right . . . to petition the Government . . ." ?

A citizen calls a member of Congress to persuade her to vote yes on a bill.

Which of the following scenarios illustrates an action that would be protected by the free exercise clause in the First Amendment?

A person wears a necklace bearing a Christian cross to work.

Gideon v Wainwright

A person who cannot afford an attorney may have one appointed by the government

5th Amendment

Criminal Proceedings; Due Process; Eminent Domain; Double Jeopardy; Protection from Self incrimination

3rd Amendment

No quartering of troops

Roe v Wade

The 1973 Supreme Court decision holding that a state ban on all abortions was unconstitutional. Basis on the women's right to privacy

Miranda v Arizona

The accused must be notified of their rights before being questioned by the police

A public school district implemented a policy that allowed students to vote on whether they wanted a student-led prayer to be read at football games. This policy was later found to be unconstitutional by the United States Supreme Court. Which of the following clauses did the policy most likely violate?

The establishment clause

McDonald v Chicago

The right of an individual to "keep and bear arms" protected by the 2nd Amendment is incorporated by the due process clause of the 14th Amendment and applies to the states.

The clear-and-present danger test devised by the Supreme Court was designed to define the conditions under which public authorities could

limit free speech