AP Government - Chapter 5 - Civil Liberties
Interest groups are protected under the Constitution by the
First Amendment
Schenck v United States
1919--Case involving limits on free speech. Established the "clear and present danger" principle.
Brown v Board of Education
1954 - The Supreme Court overruled Plessy v. Ferguson, declared that racially segregated facilities are inherently unequal and ordered all public schools desegregated.
Citizens United v Federal Election Commission
A 2010 landmark Supreme Court case that ruled that individuals, corporations, and unions could donate unlimited amounts of money to groups that make independent political expenditures.
Engel v Vitale
A nondenominational prayer was authorized to be said at the start of each day at local public schools. Result: The prayer violated the establishment clause. = 1st A.
Which of the following would most likely be protected by the First Amendment?
A student wears a black armband at school to protest government involvement in a war.
2nd Amendment
A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.
Wisconsin v Yoder
Amish do not have to attend school after 8th grade - right to freedom of religion 1st Amendment
14th Amendment
Declares that all persons born in the U.S. are citizens and are guaranteed equal protection of the laws
Mapp v Ohio
Established the exclusionary rule was applicable to the states (evidence seized illegally cannot be used in court) (found porn when wasn't looking for it)
4th Amendment
Freedom from unreasonable searches and seizures
1st Amendment
Freedom of Religion, Speech, Press, Assembly, and Petition
In Engel v. Vitale (1962), which of the following provides the legal reasoning behind the Supreme Court's ruling?
It ruled that the state had no justifiable interest to compel students to listen to a nondenominational prayer led by public school teachers, finding a clear establishment clause violation.
8th Amendment
No cruel or unusual punishment
The establishment clause in the First Amendment does which of the following?
Prohibits the setting up of a state church.
Which of the following best defines civil liberties?
Provisions in the Bill of Rights that provide guarantees against arbitrary interference by government
6th Amendment
Right to a fair, speedy trial
7th Amendment
Right to a trial by jury in civil cases
Which of the following Supreme Court cases establishes that a woman has a due process right to make a decision whether or not to have an abortion?
Roe v. Wade (1973)
NY Times v United States
Ruling on the Pentagon Papers which exposed government deception in the Vietnam War Government tried to stop using Prior Restraint Court Ruled Government did not meet "heavy burden" necessary to stop publication
Tinker v Des Moines
The case that ruled that students do not lose Constitutional rights when they entered the building but they can be limited if they cause a disruption - wore black arm bands
9th Amendment
The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.
10th Amendment
The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.
The "wall of separation" doctrine refers to the
division of church and state
The free-exercise clause protects
voluntary prayer by student groups before school
The author's main argument is that the Second Amendment
was added to the Constitution to ensure that militias would have arms
According to the clear and present danger test, speech may be restricted
when it incites violent action
Which of the following scenarios, related to the First Amendment, best illustrates the "right . . . to petition the Government . . ." ?
A citizen calls a member of Congress to persuade her to vote yes on a bill.
Which of the following scenarios illustrates an action that would be protected by the free exercise clause in the First Amendment?
A person wears a necklace bearing a Christian cross to work.
Gideon v Wainwright
A person who cannot afford an attorney may have one appointed by the government
5th Amendment
Criminal Proceedings; Due Process; Eminent Domain; Double Jeopardy; Protection from Self incrimination
3rd Amendment
No quartering of troops
Roe v Wade
The 1973 Supreme Court decision holding that a state ban on all abortions was unconstitutional. Basis on the women's right to privacy
Miranda v Arizona
The accused must be notified of their rights before being questioned by the police
A public school district implemented a policy that allowed students to vote on whether they wanted a student-led prayer to be read at football games. This policy was later found to be unconstitutional by the United States Supreme Court. Which of the following clauses did the policy most likely violate?
The establishment clause
McDonald v Chicago
The right of an individual to "keep and bear arms" protected by the 2nd Amendment is incorporated by the due process clause of the 14th Amendment and applies to the states.
The clear-and-present danger test devised by the Supreme Court was designed to define the conditions under which public authorities could
limit free speech