AP MODULE 2 EXAM

How many bones comprise the appendicular skeleton? 80 104 126 132

126

How many layers does the dermis contain? 1 2 3 4

2

The adult skull is comprised of how many individual bones? 20 21 22 23

22

What is the total number of bones found in the foot and toes? 7 14 26 30

26

How many bones fuse in adulthood to form the hip bone? a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5

3

The epidermis of "thick skin" has how many layers? 3 4 5 6

5

How many bones are there in the upper limbs combined? 30 40 50 60

60

How many tarsal bones comprise the posterior half of the foot? 5 6 7 8

7

The cervical region of the vertebral column consists of ________________. A. 12 vertebrae B. a single bone derived from the fusion of five vertebrae C. 7 vertebrae D. 5 vertebrae

7 vertebrae

The brain case consists of how many bones? 6 8 10 12

8

How many bones are in the axial skeleton of an adult? 24 80 126 206

80

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skin and its accessory structures? Sensory Insulation Electrolyte balance All of the above are functions of skin

All of the above are functions of the skin

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the skin? It makes up approximately 16% of an adult human's body weight It is the largest organ system in the human body Its functions include protection and support All of the above are true

All of the above are true

When does the actual process of bone development, ossification (osteogenesis), begin? By the 3rd to 4th week of embryonic life By the 6th to 7th week of embryonic life By the 11th to 12th week of embryonic life By the 17th to 18th week of embryonic life By the 6th to 7th week of embryonic life

By the 6th to 7th week of embryonic life

Which cervical vertebra is known as the 'axis'? C1 C2 C3 C4

C2

Which aspect of the integumentary system contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. hypodermis dermis epidermis epithelium

Dermis

An individual has spent too much time sun bathing. Not only is his skin painful to touch, but small blisters have appeared in the affected area. This indicates that he has damaged which layers of his skin? -epidermis only -hypodermis only -epidermis and hypodermis -epidermis and dermis

Epidermis and dermis

Why are osteocytes spread out in bone tissue? They develop from mesenchymal cells. They are surrounded by osteoid. They travel through the capillaries. Formation of osteoid spreads out the osteoblasts that formed the ossification centers.

Formation of osteoid spreads out the osteoblasts that formed the ossification centers

Which of the following is false regarding calcium? It is the most abundant mineral found in bone Hypercalcemia may result in bones becoming brittle It cannot be produced by any biological processes When blood levels of calcium get too high, the thyroid gland is stimulated to release calcitonin

Hypercalcemia may result in bones becoming brittle

Which layer of the skin plays an important role in fat storage and insulation? dermis hypodermis dermis All of the above

Hypodermis

When you place your hands on your waist you can feel the arching superior margin of the ilium along your waistline. This is called iliac crest iliac fossa iliac arch arcuate line of ilium

Iliac crest

Which type of fracture occurs when one fragment is driven into the other, usually as a result of compression? closed fracture spiral fracture open fracture impacted fracture

Impacted fracture

After a skin injury, the body initiates a wound-healing response. The first step of this response is the formation of a blood clot to stop bleeding. Which of the following would be the next response? -increased production of melanin by melanocytes -increased production of connective tissue -an increase in Pacinian corpuscles around the wound -an increased activity in the stratum lucidum

Increased production of connective tissue

Squamous cell carcinomas are the second most common of the skin cancers and are capable of metastasizing if not treated. This cancer affects which cells? -basal cells of the stratum basale -melanocytes of the stratum basale -keratinocytes of the stratum spinosum -Langerhans cells of the stratum lucidum

Keratinocytes of the stratum spinosum

If you cut yourself and bacteria enter the wound, which of the following cells would help get rid of the bacteria? -Merkel cells -keratinocytes -Langerhans cells -melanocytes

Langerhans cells

Which are not considered a touch receptor? Langerhans cell Merkel cell Pacinian corpiscles

Langerhans cells

Which structure overlaps the nail on the sides, helping to anchor the nail body? nail bed nail fold nail cuticle nail root

Nail fold

Which of the following body systems does NOT play a critical role in calcium homeostasis? Skeletal system Reproductive system Digestive system Endocrine system

Reproductive system

Which of the following hormones promotes bone development via the action of osteoblasts? GH Calcitonin Thyroxine Sex hormones

Sex hormones

The papillary layer of the dermis is most closely associated with which layer of the epidermis? -stratum spinosum -stratum corneum -stratum granulosum -stratum basale

Stratum basale

As you are walking down the beach, you see a dead, dry, shriveled-up fish. Which layer of your epidermis keeps you from drying out? -stratum corneum -stratum basale -stratum spinosum -stratum granulosum

Stratum corneum

Which of the following is false regarding the clavicle? The clavicle is the third most commonly fractured bone clavicle is known as the collarbone There are sex differences in this bone Blood vessels are rarely affected when it is fractures

The clavicle is the third most commonly fractured bone

Which of the following is false regarding the fontanelle? The fontanelles decrease in size and disappear by age 1 The largest fontanelle is located on the anterior head. They are important during birth because they allow the skull to reshape

The fontanelles decrease in size and disappear by age 1

Which of the following is false regarding endochondral ossification? Bone develops by replacing hyaline cartilage The process is faster than intramembranous ossification Long bones are a result of this process All of the above are true

The process is faster than intramembranous ossification

Which of the following is false regarding sebaceous glands? They generate and secrete a substance called sebum Most sebaceous glands are associated with hair follicles They help to lubricate skin and hair These glands are more active during childhood

These glands are most active during childhood

If someone is producing lacrimal fluid, what is likely happening? Their nose is running They are crying They are drooling They are sweating

They are crying

A ___________________ degree burn fully extends into the epidermis and dermis, destroying the tissue and affecting the nerve endings and sensory function. First Second Third Fourth

Third

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the pelvis? The pelvis consists of four bones Its primary role is to support the weight of the upper body when sitting and to transfer this weight to the lower limbs when standing When standing in the anatomical position, the pelvis is tilted posteriorly It protects internal organs

When standing in the anatomical position, the pelvis is tilted posteriorly

The area of a bone where the nutrient foramen passes forms what kind of bone marking? a. a hole b. a facet c. a canal d. a fissure

a hole

The Hair matrix contains -the hair follicle -the hair shaft -the glassy membrane -a layer of basal cells

a layer of basal cells

Wolff's law, which describes the effect of mechanical forces in bone modeling/remodeling, would predict that ________ a. a right-handed pitcher will have thicker bones in his right arm compared to his left b. a right-handed cyclist will have thicker bones in her right leg compared to her left c. a broken bone will heal thicker than it was before the fracture d. a bed-ridden patient will have thicker bones than an athlete

a right handed pitcher will have thicker bones in his right arm compared to his left

A typical lumbar vertebra has ________. A. a bifid spinous process B. a short, rounded spinous process C. articulation sites for ribs D. a transverse foramen

a short rounded spinous process

A shoulder separation results from injury to the ________. a. glenohumeral joint b. costoclavicular joint c. acromioclavicular joint d. sternoclavicular joint

acromioclavicular joint

What structure is an extension of the spine of the scapula? acromion coracoid process supraglenoid tubercle glenoid cavity

acromion

The paranasal sinuses are __________. A. not connected to the nasal cavity B. air-filled spaces found within the frontal, maxilla, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones only C. divided at the midline by the nasal septum D. air-filled spaces found within all bones of the skull

air-filled spaces found within the frontal, maxilla, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones only

Yellow marrow has been identified as ________. a. an area of fat storage b. a point of attachment for muscles c. the hard portion of bone d. the cause of kyphosis

an area of fat storage

Which of the following is the correct order of phases in which hair growth occurs? anagen, catagen, telogen catagen, telogen, anagen telogen, anagen, catagen anagen, telogen, catagen

anagen, catagen, telogen

sebaceous glands -are a type of sweat gland -are associated with hair follicles -may function in response to touch -release a watery solution of salt and metabolic waste

are associated with hair follicles

Eccrine sweat glands -are present on hair -are present in the skin throughout the body and produce watery sweat -produce sebum -act as a moisturizer

are present throughout the body and produce watery sweat

Bedsores -can be treated with topical moisturizers -can result from deep massages -are preventable by eliminating pressure points -are caused by dry skin

are preventable by eliminating pressure points

The primary curvatures of the vertebral column ___________. A. are remnants of the original fetal curvature B. include the cervical curve C. develop after the time of birth D. include the lumbar curve

are remnants of the original fetal curvature

In response to stimuli from the sympathetic nervous system, the arrector pili ________. -are glands on the skin surface -can lead to excessive sweating -are responsible for goose bumps -secrete sebum

are responsible for goosebumps

True ribs are ________. A. made entirely of bone, and thus do not have a costal cartilage B. ribs 8-12 C. attached via their costal cartilage to the next higher rib D. attached via their costal cartilage directly to the sternum

attached via their costal cartilage directly to the sternum

Why is cartilage slow to heal? a. because it eventually develops into bone b. because it is semi-solid and flexible c. because it does not have a blood supply d. because endochondral ossification replaces all cartilage with bone

because it does not have a blood supply

Bones grow in diameter due to bone formation ________. a. in the medullary cavity b. beneath the periosteum c. in the epiphyseal plated. within the metaphysis

beneath the periosteum

match

bone formation - osteoblasts // maintain mineral concentration of matrix - osteocytes // develop into osteoblasts - osteogenic cells // bone resorption - osteoclasts

The skeletal system is made of __________. a. muscles and tendons b. bones and cartilage c. vitreous humor d. minerals and fat

bones and cartilage

In a compound fracture ____________. a. the break occurs at an angle to the bone b. the broken bone does not tear the skin c. one fragment of broken bone is compressed into the other d. broken bone pierces the skin

broken bone pierces the skin

What is the anatomical term for the heel bone? talus navicular cuboid calcaneus

calcaneus

Which of the following represents the correct sequence of zones in the epiphyseal plate? a. proliferation, reserved, maturation, calcification b. maturation, proliferation, reserved, calcification c. calcification, maturation, proliferation, reserved d. calcification, reserved, proliferation, maturation

calcification, maturation, proliferation, reserved

Which of the following is most likely to be released when blood calcium levels are elevated? a. thyroxine b. calcitonin c. parathyroid hormone d. vitamin D

calcitonin

With respect to their direct effects on osseous tissue, which pair of hormones has actions that oppose each other? a. estrogen and testosterone b. calcitonin and calcitriol c. estrogen and progesterone d. calcitonin and parathyroid hormone

calcitonin and parathyroid hormone

In general, skin cancers -are easily treatable and not a major health concern -occur due to poor hygiene -can be reduced by limiting exposure to the sun -affect only the epidermis

can be reduce by limiting exposure to sun

Which region of the humerus articulates with the radius as part of the elbow joint? trochlea styloid process capitulum olecranon process

capitulum

Which of the following can be found in areas of movement? a. hematopoiesis b. cartilage c. yellow marrow d. red marrow

cartilage

The papillary and reticular layers of the dermis are composed mainly of -melanocytes -keratinocytes -connective tissue -adipose tissue

connective tissue

Name the short, hook-like bony process of the scapula that projects anteriorly. a. acromial process b. clavicle c. coracoid process d. glenoid fossa

coracoid process

Which suture joins the frontal bone to the left and right parietal bones? coronal sagittal lamboid

coronal

Bone tissue can be described as ________. a. dead calcified tissue b. cartilage c. the skeletal system d. dense, hard connective tissue

dense, hard connective tissue

The clavicle ________. a. develops via intramembranous ossification b. develops via endochondral ossification c. is the last bone of the body to begin ossification d. is fully ossified at the time of birth

develops via intramembranous ossification

Which of the following does not comprise an adult hip bone? duodenum ilium ischium pubis all of the above

duodenum

Which types of glands are found all over the skin's surface, but are especially abundant on the palms of the hand, the soles of the feet, and the forehead? sebaceous glands eccrine sweat glands sudoriferous glands apocrine sweat glands

eccrine sweat glands

Embryonic development if the axial skeleton involves __________. A. intramembranous ossification, which forms the facial bones. B. endochondral ossification, which forms the ribs and sternum C. the notochord, which produces the cartilage models for the vertebrae D. the formation of hyaline cartilage models, which give rise to the flat bones of the skull

endochondral ossification, which forms the ribs and sternum

Bones grow in length due to activity in the ________. a. epiphyseal plate b. perichondrium c. periosteum d. medullary cavity

epiphyseal plate

Which of the following hormones are responsible for the adolescent growth spurt? a. estrogen and testosterone b. calcitonin and calcitriol c. growth hormone and parathyroid hormone d. thyroxine and progesterone

estrogen and testosterone

Thoracic vertebrae have several additional articulation sites, each of which is called a ______________, where a rib is attached. dens facet pedicle spinous process

facet

The diaphysis contains ____________. a. the metaphysis b. fat stores c. spongy bone d. compact bone

fat stores

One of the functions of the integumentary system is protection. Which of the following does not directly contribute to that function? -stratum lucidum -desmosomes -folic acid synthesis -Merkel cells

folic acid synthesis

On the base of the skull, the occipital bone contains the large opening of the _____________________________, which allows for passage of the spinal cord as it exits the skull. foramen minimus foramen maximus foramen major foramen magnum

foramen magnum

Why are osteocytes spread out in bone tissue? a. They develop from mesenchymal cells. b. They are surrounded by osteoid. c. They travel through the capillaries. d. Formation of osteoid spreads out the osteoblasts that formed the ossification centers.

formation of osteoid spreads out the osteoblasts that formed the ossification centers

The axial skeleton ____________. A. forms the vertical axis of the body B. includes only the bones of the lower limbs C. consists of 126 bones D. includes all bones of the body trunk and limbs

forms the vertical axis of the body

Which area of the pelvis is occupied by portions of the small and large intestines and is more closely associated with abdominal cavity? greater pelvis pelvic prim pelvic inlet major pelvis

greater pelvis

Which bony landmark of the femur serves as a site for muscle attatchments? greater trochanter lesser trochanter

greater trochanter

Which bony landmark is located on the lateral side of the proximal humerus? a. greater tubercle b. trochlea c. lateral epicondyle d. lesser tubercle

greater tubercle

During endochondral ossification of a long bone, ________. a primary ossification center will develop within the epiphysis mesenchyme will differentiate directly into bone tissue growth of the epiphyseal plate will produce bone lengthening all epiphyseal plates will disappear before birth

growth of the epiphyseal plate will produce bone lengthening

The pelvis ________. a. has a subpubic angle that is larger in females b. consists of the two hip bones, but does not include the sacrum or coccyx c. has an obturator foramen, an opening that is defined in part by the sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments d. has a space located inferior to the pelvic brim called the greater pelvis

has a subpubic angle that is larger in females

The middle cranial fossa ____________. A. is divided at the midline by a small area of the ethmoid bone B. has the foramen rotundum, foramen ovale, and foramen spinosum C. is bounded anteriorly by the petrous ridge D. is bounded posteriorly by the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone

has the foramen rotundum, foramen ovale, and foramen spinosum

The sternum ________. A. has the sternal angle located between the manubrium and body B. articulates directly with the thoracic vertebrae C. receives direct attachments from the costal cartilages of all 12 pairs of ribs D. consists of only two parts, the manubrium and xiphoid process

has the sternal angle located between the manubrium and body

Which of the following occurs in the spongy bone of the epiphysis? a. bone growth b. bone remodeling c. hematopoiesis d. shock absorption

hematopoiesis

The bony openings of the skull include ______________. A. carotid canal, which is located in the anterior cranial fossa B. superior orbital fissure, which is located at the superior margin of the anterior orbit C. mental foramen, which is located just below the orbit D. hypoglossal canal, which is located in the posterior cranial fossa

hypoglossal canal, which is located in the posterior cranial fossa

Similar to the hair, nails grow continuously throughout our lives. Which of the following is furthest from the nail growth center? -nail bed -hyponychium -nail root -eponychium

hyponychium

Which component forms the superior part of the hip bone? a. ilium b. pubis c. ischium d. sacrum

ilium

Bones that surround the spinal cord are classified as ________ bones. a. irregular b. sesamoid c. flat d. short

irregular

The tubercle of a rib ___________. A. provides for passage of blood vessels and a nerve B. is for articulation with the transverse process of a thoracic vertebra C. is the area of greatest rib curvature D. is the articulation with the body of a thoracic vertebra

is for articulation with the transverse process of thoracic vertebra

A fontanelle ________. A. is the cartilage model for a vertebra that later is converted into bone B. gives rise to the facial bones and vertebrae C. is the rod-like structure that runs the length of the early embryo D. is the area of fibrous connective tissue found at birth between the brain case bones

is the area of fibrous connective tissue found at birth between the brain case bones

Which of the following supports body weight when sitting? a. iliac crest b. ischial tuberosity c. ischiopubic ramus d. pubic body

ischial tuberosity

Which of the following true about the radius bone? It is found on the medial side of the forearm It has a head that articulates with the radial notch of the ulna It does not articulate with any of the carpal bones It has the radial tuberosity located near its distal end

it has a head that articulated with the radial notch of the ulna

Which of the following is FALSE regarding club foot? It is the most common lower limb deformity It is more common in boys than girls It is caused by fetal positioning within the uterus All of the above are true

it is caused by fetal positioning within the uterus

Which of the following is true about the tibia? It has an expanded distal end called the lateral malleolus It is not a weight-bearing bone It is firmly anchored to the fibula by an interosseous membrane It can be palpated (felt) under the skin only at its proximal and distal ends

it is firmly anchored to the fibula by an interosseous membrane

The sternal angle is the _________. A. site for attachment of the clavicle B. junction between the manubrium and body C. junction between the body and xiphoid process D. site for the attachment of the floating ribs

junction between the manubrium and body

The Hunchback of Notre Dame was most likely suffering from which disorder? lordosis kyphosis scoliosis spinal stenosis

kyphosis

Each osteocyte is located in a space called a(n) ___________________________ and is surrounded by bone tissue. osteon lacuna central canal canaliculi

lacuna

Which of the following are found in compact bone and cancellous bone? a. Haversian systems b. Haversian canals c. lamellae d. lacunae

lamellae

A typical vertebra has _________. A. a vertebral foramen that passes through the body B. a superior articular process that projects downward to articulate with the superior portion of the next lower vertebra C. lamina that spans between the transverse process and spinous process D. a pair of laterally projecting spinous processes

lamina that spans between the transverse process and spinous process

Which of the following cell types is not found in the stratum basale? melanocytes Langerhans cells Merkel cells basal cells

langerhans cells

At the base of the nail, a thick layer of epithelium over the nail matrix forms a crescent-shaped region called the _____________________. cuticle hyponychium lunula eponychium

lanula

Which one of the following foods is best for bone health? a. carrots b. liver c. leafy green vegetables d. oranges

leafy green vegetables

The ischial spine is found between which of the following structures? inferior pubic ramus and ischial ramus pectineal line and arcuate line lesser sciatic notch and greater sciatic notch anterior superior iliac spine and posterior superior iliac spine

lesser sciatic notch and greater sciatic notch

Which bony landmark of the femur serves as a site for muscle attachments? fovea capitis lesser trochanter head medial condyle

lesser trochanter

Long bones enable body movement by acting as a ________. a. counterweight b. resistive force c. lever d. fulcrum

lever

Which category of bone is among the most numerous in the skeleton? a. long bone b. sesamoid bone c. short bone d. flat bone

long bone

Which of the following is not formed via intramembranous ossification? long bones clavicles flat bones of the skull cranial bones

long bones

Without red marrow, bones would not be able to ________. a. store phosphate b. store calcium c. make blood cells d. move like levers

make blood cells

Which of the following is the only movable bone of the skull? mandible ethmoid bone lacrimal bone

mandible

Which of the following is the largest of the paranasal sinuses? ethmoid frontal sphenoid maxillary

maxillary

What structure contributes to the knee joint? lateral malleolus of the fibula tibial tuberosity medial condyle of the tibia lateral epicondyle of the femur

medial condyle of the tibia

The proximal and distal rows of carpal bones articulate with each other to form the _________________________. radiocarpal joint carpometacarpal joint midcarpal joint metacarpophalangeal joint

midcarpal joint

When calcium levels are too high or too low, which body system is primarily affected? a. skeletal system b. endocrine system c. digestive system d. nervous system

nervous system

Which ligament of the vertebral column supports the skull and prevents it from falling forward? posterior longitudinal supraspinous nuchal ligamentum flavum

nuchal

Which is found only in the cervical region of the vertebral column? A. nuchal ligament B. supraspinous ligament C. anterior longitudinal ligament D. ligamentum flavum

nuchal ligament

For both compact and spongy bones, the arteries enter through the ____________________, small openings in the diaphysis trabeculae nutrient foramen central canal lacunae

nutrient foramen

The _____________________bone is the single bone that forms the posterior skull and posterior base of the cranial cavity temporal sphenoid frontal occipital

occipital

The lambdoid suture joins the parietal bone to the ________. A. occipital bone B. other parietal bone C. temporal bone D. frontal bone

occipital bone

A fracture can be both ________. a. open and closed b. open and transverse c. transverse and greenstick d. greenstick and comminuted

open and transverse

Which of the following are incapable of undergoing mitosis? a. osteoblasts and osteoclasts b. osteocytes and osteoclasts c. osteoblasts and osteocytes d. osteogenic cells and osteoclasts

osteoblasts and osteocytes

Which of the following are incapable of undergoing mitosis? osteoblasts and osteoclasts osteocytes and osteoclasts osteoblasts and osteocytes osteogenic cells and osteoclasts

osteoblasts and osteocytes

Which cells do not originate from osteogenic cells? a. osteoblasts b. osteoclasts c. osteocytes d. osteoprogenitor cells

osteoprogenitor cells

With regards to hair, which of the following is made of connective tissue and contains blood capillaries and nerve endings from the dermis? follicle bulb root papilla

papilla

An individual using a sharp knife notices a small amount of blood where he just cut himself. Which of the following layers of skin did he have to cut into in order to bleed? -stratum corneum -stratum basale -papillary dermis -stratum granulosum

papillary dermis

Which of the following is a bone of the brain case? A. zygotmatic bone B. maxillary bone C. lacrimal bone D. parietal bone

parietal bone

The fibrous membrane covering the outer surface of the bones is the _______________. a. periosteum b. epiphysis c. endosteum d. diaphysis

periosteum

match

points of attachment for muscles, protect internal organs - flat bones // protect tendons from compressive forces - sesamoid bones // used for leverage - long bones // provide stability support while showing some motion - short bones

Which function of the skeletal system would be especially important if you were in a car accident? a. storage of minerals b. protection of internal organs c. facilitation of movement d. fat storage

protection of internal organs

With regard to the epiphyseal plate, the _________________________is the region closest to the epiphyseal end of the plate and contains small chondrocytes within the matrix. reserve zone zone of maturation and hypertrophy proliferative zone zone of calcified matrix

reserve zone

The absence of sun exposure can lead to a lack of vitamin D in the body, leading to a condition called ____________________________. rickets scurvy eczyma vitiligo

rickets

Which is the lateral-most carpal bone of the proximal row? trapezium hamate pisiform scaphoid

scaphoid

Which of the following is the correct order of the carpal bones in the proximal row, running from the lateral (thumb) side to the medial side? lunate, triquetrum, scaphoid, pisiform scaphoid, triquetrum, lunate, pisiform pisiform, triquetrum, lunate, scaphoid scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform

scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform

Parts of the sphenoid bone include the ___________. A. glabella B. sella turcica C. squamous portion D. zygomatic process

sella turcica

Most of the bones of the arms and hands are long bones; however, the bones in the wrist are categorized as ________. a. flat bones b. short bones c. sesamoid bones d. irregular bones

short bones

Most of the bones of the arms and hands are long bones; however, the bones in the wrist are categorized as ________.flat bones short bones sesamoid bones irregular bones

short bones

Which of the following nutrients is not vital to bone health? Vitamin K Calcium Vitamin D Sodium

sodium

Which of the following is not a function of the hypodermis? -protects underlying organs -helps maintain body temperature -source of blood vessels in the epidermis -a site to long-term energy storage

source of blood vessels in the epidermis

Which of the following is not a function of the hypodermis? protects underlying organs helps maintain body temperature source of blood vessels in the epidermis a site to long-term energy storage

source of blood vessels in the epidermis

The first type of bone to form during fracture repair is __________ bone. a. compact b. lamellar c. spongy d. dense

spongy

Flat bones, like those of the cranium, consist of a layer of ____, lined on either side by a layer of compact bone. spongy bone yellow marrow articular cartilage hyaline

spongy bone

_______________________________is a cancer that affects the keratinocytes of the stratum spinosum and presents as lesions commonly found on the scalp, ears, and hands. basal cell carcinoma squamous cell carcinoma melanoma cuboidal cell carcinoma

squamous cell carcinoma

Which part of the clavicle articulates with the manubrium? shaft sternal end acromial end coracoid process

sternal end

From deep to superficial, the layers of the "thin skin" are the_________________________________________. stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, and stratum corneum stratum granulosum, stratum corneum, stratum spinosum, and stratum basale stratum basale, stratum granulosum, stratum corneum, and stratum spinosum stratum corneum, stratum basale, stratum spinosum, and stratum corneum

stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, and stratum corneum

Which layer of your epidermis prevents desiccation (keeps you from drying out)? stratum corneum stratum basale stratum spinosum stratum granulosum

stratum corneum

Langerhans cells are commonly found in the -stratum spinosum -stratum corneum -stratum granulosum -stratum basale

stratum spinosum

Which of the following is NOT a function of hair? thermoregulation communication sensory input structural support

structural support

Collagen lends ________ to the skin -elasticity -structure -color -UV protection

structure

Which of the following is a function of the axial skeleton?A. protects nerves and blood vessels at the elbow B. supports trunk of body C. allows for movements of the ankle and foot D. allows for movement of the wrist and hand

supports trunk of body

Which of the following provides for passage of a sensory nerve to the skin of the forehead? infraorbital foramen supraorbital foramen infraorbital margin supraorbital margin

supraorbital foramen

Which feature lies between the spine and superior border of the scapula? suprascapular notch glenoid cavity superior angle supraspinous fossa

supraspinous fossa

Which tarsal bone articulates with the tibia and fibula? calcaneus cuboid navicular talus

talus

Sesamoid bones are found embedded in _________. a. joints b. muscles c. ligaments d. tendons

tendons

Which of the following is false regarding the gross anatomy of a long bone? The medullary cavity is filled with yellow marrow The epiphysis is the tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of the bone The endosteum is where bone growth, repair, and remodeling occur The function of articular cartilage is to reduce friction and act as a shock absorber

the epiphysis is the tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of the bone

Which of the following bones is (are) formed by intramembranous ossification? a. the metatarsals b. the femur c. the ribs d. the flat bones of the cranium

the flat bones of the cranium

Which of the following is false regarding spongy bone? The osteocytes are arranged in concentric circles It contains osteocytes housed in lacunae Open spaces support shifts in weight distribution All of the above are true

the osteocytes are arranged in concentric circles

Which event takes place during the seventh week of development? appearance of the upper and lower limb buds flattening of the distal limb bud into a paddle shape the first appearance of hyaline cartilage models of future bones the rotation of the limbs

the rotation of the ribs

How can a fractured diaphysis release fat globules into the bloodstream? a. the bone pierces fat stores in the skin b. the yellow marrow in the diaphysis is exposed and damaged c. the injury triggers the body to release fat from healthy bones d. the red marrow in the fractured bone releases fat to heal the fracture

the yellow marrow in the diaphysis is exposed and damaged

In endochondral ossification, what happens to the chondrocytes? a. they develop into osteocytes b. they die in the calcified matrix that surrounds them and form the medullary cavity c. they grow and form the periosteum d. they group together to form the primary ossification center

they die in the calcified matrix that surrounds them and form the medullary cavity

Which of the following does not play a role in calcium homeostasis a. thyroxine b. calcitonin c. parathyroid hormone d. vitamin D

thyroxine

Which of the following are only found in cancellous bone? a. canaliculi b. Volkmann's canals c. trabeculae d. Calcium salts

trabeculae

Which of the following are only found in cancellous bone? canaliculi Volkmann's canals trabeculae calcium salts

trabeculae

The internal and external calli are replaced by _____________. a. hyaline cartilage b. trabecular bone c. osteogenic cells d. osteoclasts

trabecular bone

Which of the following is not among the three general classes of bone markings? tuberosities holes articulations projections

tuberosities

Which of the following is part of the axial skeleton? A. thigh bone B. foot bones C. vertebral column D. shoulder bones

vertebral column

Calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine if ________ is lacking. a. vitamin D b. vitamin K c. calcitonin d. fluoride

vitamin D

In humans, exposure of the skin to sunlight is required for. -vitamin D synthesis -arteriole constriction -folate production -thermoregulation

vitamin D synthesis

The inferior tip of the sternum is the ___________________________. This small structure is cartilaginous early in life, but gradually becomes ossified starting during middle age. xiphoid process sternal angle clavicular notch manubrium

xiphoid process