AP MODULE 4: LECTURE - CH 12

Endoneurium directly surrounds a/an __________.

axon

The ____________ extends laterally from the spinal cord and attaches to the dura mater, helping to limit lateral movement of the spinal cord.

denticulate ligament

The spinal cord extends from the level of the _______________ to the level of the ____________.

foramen magnum, first lumbar vertebra

Neuron cell bodies are located in the __________ matter, and myelenated axons are located in the __________ matter.

gray, white

There are _____ enlargements of the spinal cord where nerves supplying the extremities enter and leave.

two

The three columns of the white matter are the ___________ columns.

ventral, dorsal, and lateral

There are ___ pairs of spinal nerves that exit the vertebral column.

31

Place the following parts of a reflex arc in the correct order beginning with the sensory receptor. (1) motor neuron(2) interneuron(3) effector(4) sensory neuron(5) sensory receptor

5, 4, 2, 1, 3

Moving inferiorly, there are ____ ____ nerves, ____ ____ nerves, ____ ____ and ____ ____ nerves, and only one coccygeal nerve.

8 cervical; 12 thoracic; 5 lumbar; 5 sacral; 1 coccygeal.

When a doctor gives a patient epidural anesthesia, they are inserting a needle between which two structures?

Body of the vertebrae and dura mater

Identify the only spinal nerve that does not have a specific cutaneous sensory distribution.

C1

Which of the following would be a likely result of damaging the musculocutaneous nerve?

Difficulty flexing the shoulder

Which of the following would be a likely result of severing the tibial and common fibular nerves?

Difficulty with dorsiflexion and plantar flexion

A patient suffering from nerve damage is having trouble maintaining posture and moving his vertebral column. Which component of the nearby spinal nerves has been damaged?

Dorsal rami

A man in a car accident cannot feel his left leg but is able to contract the muscles there. What component of the relevant spinal nerves of spinal cord region has been damaged?

Dorsal root

In an adult, the spinal cord extends down the vertebral column to the level of which vertebrae? a) S4-S5 b) S1-S2 c) L1-L2 d) L4-L5

L1-L2

A dermatome is the area of skin supplied with sensory innervation by

a pair of spinal nerves.

Damage to the T11 and T12 spinal nerves could result in loss of movement in the __________ and __________ but would not affect the movement of the __________. - Diaphgram, lower limbs, hips - Upper limbs, intercostals muscles, diaphragm - Shoulders, neck, lower limbs - Lower limbs, hips, upper limbs

Lower limbs, hips, upper limbs.

What structure makes the dorsal root different from the ventral root?

The dorsal root has a ganglion.

Major branches of a spinal nerve are called __________. a) rami b) roots c) plexus d) rootlets

a) rami

Spinal nerves C5-T1 make up the ____________ plexus.

brachial

Dermatomal maps are important clinically because they?

can be used to help locate nerve damage.

The __________ enlargement of the spinal cord is the location where nerves that supply the upper limbs enter and leave the spinal cord, and the __________ enlargement is the location where nerves that supply the lower limbs enter and leave the spinal cord.

cervical, lumbosacral

Rami that carry axons associated with the sympathetic division of the ANS formed from the rami of thoracic and upper lumbar spinal nerves are called ____ rami.

communicating

Interneurons are not usually found in __________.

monosynaptic reflex arcs

Ventral rami of some spinal nerves join with each other to form a

plexus

Each half of the gray matter is organized into the ____________ horns.

posterior, anterior, lateral