ap psych 1/6/2023

short-term

"The magical number seven, plus or minus two" refers to the storage capacity of __________ memory.

imited in capacity

A basic assumption underlying short-term memory is that it is

anterograde amnesia

After having a stroke resulting from a blockage of blood to the medial temporal lobe, Gerald could not remember new information, such as the books he had just read, new songs he had just heard, or the faces of new people he had just met. Gerald was experiencing

proactive interference

Arnold so easily remembers his old girlfriend's birthday that he finds it difficult to recall his new girlfriend's birthday. Arnold's difficulty best illustrates

working memory

As his AP Psychology teacher was lecturing, Tanner was thinking about competing in a swim meet later that afternoon. Where are Tanner's current thoughts being processed?

long-term memory formation

By shrinking the hippocampus, prolonged stress is most likely to inhibit the process of source misattribution

implicit; explicit

Cerebellum is to __________ memory as hippocampus is to __________ memory.

Elizabeth studies for a half hour before she goes to bed each night the week before the exam.

Dr. Rudolph's class has a big test coming up next week. Which of the following students is using a studying strategy that is most likely to lead to memory consolidation?

encoding failure

During English class, Caleb is worried about an unfinished history project he needs to turn in later in the day. While the English teacher and other students discuss a short story the class just read, Caleb's attention is focused on how to finish the history project. The next day he is unable to recall the short story details presented in English class. The recall problem is most likely due to

procedural

Episodic memory is to explicit memory as __________ memory is to implicit memory.

flashbulb memories

Exceptionally clear memories of emotionally significant events are called

sensory

Explicit memory is to long-term memory as iconic memory is to __________ memory.

echoic

For a moment after hearing his dog's high-pitched bark, Mr. Silvers has a vivid auditory impression of the dog's yelp. His experience most clearly illustrates __________ memory.

photographic, or picture-image, memory that lasts for only a few tenths of a second

Iconic memory refers to

depressed

Lars was feeling depressed at the time he read a chapter of his history textbook. Lars is likely to best recall the contents of that chapter when he is

an increase in a neuron's firing potential

Long-term potentiation refers to

a failure to establish memories after the injury, but a preservation of memories prior to the injury

One of the symptoms of anterograde amnesia is

episodic

Recalling the first time your dad took you iceskating is an example of __________ memory.

the body's release of stress hormones

The accuracy of the flashbulb memories of those who witnessed the 2010 earthquake in Haiti best illustrates that memory formation is facilitated by the spacing effect

deja vu

The eerie sense of having previously experienced a situation is known as

essentially unlimited

The human capacity for storing long-term memories is

long-term potentiation

The increase in synaptic firing potential that contributes to memory formation is known as

incorporation of misleading information into one's memory of an event

The misinformation effect refers to the

When rehearsal of incoming information is prevented, which of the following will most likely occur?

There will be no transfer of the information to long-term memory.

engage in effortful processing

To prevent encoding failure you should

an acronym

Using the mnemonic ROY G BIV to remember the colors of the rainbow from the longest to shortest wavelength illustrates the use of

the peg-word system

Visually associating five items needed from the grocery store with mental images of a bun, a shoe, a tree, a door, and a hive best illustrates the use of

priming

Watching a TV soap opera involving martial conflict and divorce led Andrea to recall several instances in which her husband had mistreated her. The effect of the TV program on Andrea's recall provides and example of

visual imagery

We are more likely to remember the words "typewriter, cigarette, and fire" than the words "void, process, and inherent." This best illustrates the value of

parallel processing

We can encode many sensory experiences simultaneously, some automatically, because of which property of the brain?

Erik studied Italian in college. After he graduated, he went backpacking in Europe, where he realized he had forgotten a lot of Italian. Years later, he went on another trip to Italy and was surprised to discover that he remembered about the same amount of Italian as during his first trip.

Which of the following best illustrates Ebbinghaus' forgetting curve?

The hippocampus is one of the last brain structures to mature.

Which of the following offers the best explanation for infantile amnesia?

Semantic encoding refers to the processing of

meanings

The tendency for distributed study to yield better long-term retention than massed study is known as

the spacing effect