AP Psych Unit 13

Which of the following does the text's author call psychology's most powerful tool for sorting reality from wishful thinking? a. ESP or "psychic powers" b. Regression toward the mean c. Client perception d. Control group e. Placebo effect

control group

Some patients whose depression resists drugs have benefited from which experimental treatment? a. Transference b. Meta-analysis c. Antipsychotic drugs d. Deep-brain stimulation e. Resistance

deep-brain stimulation

Which of the following is most effectively treated with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)? a. Psychosis b. Schizophrenia c. Obsessive-compulsive disorder d. Depression e. Generalized anxiety disorder

depression

biomedical therapy

prescribed medications or procedures that act directly on the person's physiology

In which kind of therapy would the therapist be most likely to note the following during a session: "Blocks in the flow of free associations indicate resistance"? a. Cognitive therapy b. Psychoanalysis c. Client-centered therapy d. Behavioral therapy e. Person-centered therapy

psychoanalysis

regression toward the mean

the tendency for extreme or unusual scores to fall back (regress) toward their average.

Which of the following is the best phrase for a bond of trust and mutual understanding between a therapist and client who are working to overcome the client's problem? a. Therapeutic alliance b. EMDR c. Evidence-based practice d. Meta-analysis e. Outcome research

therapeutic alliance

group therapy

therapy conducted with groups rather than individuals, permitting therapeutic benefits from group interaction

psychodynamic therapy

therapy deriving from the psychoanalytic tradition that views individuals as responding to unconscious forces and childhood experiences, and that seeks to enhance self-insight

behavior therapy

therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors

systematic desensitization

A type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli. Commonly used to treat phobias.

psychoanalysis

Sigmund Freud's therapeutic technique. Freud believed the patient's free associations, resistances, dreams, and transferences - and the therapist's interpretations of them - released previously repressed feelings, allowing the patient to gain self-insight.

Which of the following was the purpose of lobotomies? a. To alleviate depression b. To minimize delusions and hallucinations c. To "erase" troubling memories d. To recover repressed memories e. To separate the reasoning centers of the brain from the emotional centers

To separate the reasoning centers of the brain from the emotional centers

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

a biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient

In the context of psychoanalytic theory, experiencing strong positive or negative feelings for your analyst is a sign of what? a. Counterconditioning b. Meta-analysis c. Transference d. Tardive dyskinesia e. Aversive conditioning

transference

psychotherapy

treatment involving psychological techniques; consists of interactions between a trained therapist and someone seeking to overcome psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth

Which of the following is seen as an effective treatment for severe depression that does not respond to drug therapy? a. Lobotomy b. Token economy c. ECT d. Crisis debriefing e. EMDR therapy

ECT

active listening

Empathic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies. A feature of Rogers' client-centered therapy.

therapeutic alliance

a bond of trust and mutual understanding between a therapist and client, who work together constructively to overcome the client's problem

unconditional positive regard

a caring, accepting, nonjudgmental attitude, which Carl Rogers believed would help clients to develop self-awareness and self-acceptance

rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT)

a confrontational cognitive therapy, developed by Albert Ellis, that vigorously challenges people's illogical, self-defeating attitudes and assumptions

client-centered therapy

a humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathic environment to facilitate clients' growth. (Also called person-centered therapy.)

cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)

a popular integrative therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) with behavior therapy (changing behavior)

meta-analysis

a procedure for statistically combining the results of many different research studies

lobotomy

a psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients. The procedure cut the nerves connecting the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain

aversive conditioning

a type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol)

insight therapies

a variety of therapies that aim to improve psychological functioning by increasing a person's awareness of underlying motives and defenses

Which of the following best describes meta-analysis? a. Evidenced-based practice b. A treatment versus no treatment group c. A tendency for smaller scores to move toward the average d. Regressing from unusual to usual e. A way to combine the results of lots of studies

a way to combine the results of lots of studies

Echoing, restating, and seeking clarification of what a person expresses (verbally or nonverbally) in a therapy session is called a. active listening. b. virtual reality exposure therapy. c. systematic desensitization. d. family therapy. e. classical conditioning.

active listening

Which of the following is a feature of client-centered therapy? a. Free association b. Active listening c. Resistance d. Freudian interpretation e. Medical/biological treatment

active listening

virtual reality exposure therapy

an anxiety treatment that progressively exposes people to simulations of their greatest fears, such as airplane flying, spiders, or public speaking

eclectic approach

an approach to psychotherapy that, depending on the client's problems, uses techniques from various forms of therapy

token economy

an operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some sort for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange the tokens for various privileges or treats

Which kind of drug is most closely associated with increasing the availability of norepinephrine or serotonin? a. Antidepressant b. Antipsychotic c. Antianxiety d. Mood-stabilizing e. Muscle relaxant

antidepressant

Dr. Welle tries to help her clients by teaching them to modify the things they do when under stress or experiencing symptoms. This means that Dr. Welle engages in __________ therapy. a. behavior b. cognitive c. group d. rational-emotive behavior e. client-centered

behavior

counterconditioning

behavior therapy procedures that use classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors; include exposure therapies and aversive conditioning

In an effort to help a child overcome a fear of dogs, a therapist pairs a trigger stimulus (something associated with dogs) with a new stimulus that causes a response that is incompatible with fear (for example, an appealing snack or toy). Which clinical orientation is this therapist using? a. Psychodynamic b. Behavioral c. Biomedical d.Client-centered e. Humanistic

behavioral

exposure therapies

behavioral techniques, such as systematic desensitization, that treat anxieties by exposing people (in imagination or actuality) to the things they fear and avoid

Which of the following is a similarity between humanistic and psychoanalytic therapies? a. Both approaches focus on the present more than the past. b. Both approaches are more concerned with conscious than unconscious feelings. c. Both approaches focus on taking immediate responsibility for one's feelings. d. Both approaches focus on growth instead of curing illness. e. Both approaches are generally considered insight therapies.

both approaches are generally considered insight therapies

evidence-based practice

clinical decision making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise and patient characteristics and preferences

A psychotherapist states, "Getting people to change what they say to themselves is an effective way to change their thinking." This statement best exemplifies which kind of therapeutic approach? a. Behavioral b. Psychodynamic c. Biomedical d. Cognitive e. Active listening

cognitive

Which of the following therapeutic approaches is scientifically supported? a. Recovered-memory therapies b. Rebirthing therapies c. Cognitive therapy d. Energy therapies e. Crisis debriefing

cognitive therapy

Which kind of therapy below is most closely associated with the goal of altering thoughts and actions? a. Aversive conditioning b. Psychodynamic c. Client-centered d. Family e. Cognitive-behavioral

cognitive-behavioral

Most antipsychotic drugs mimic a certain neurotransmitter by blocking its activity at the receptor sites. These drugs affect which one of the following neurotransmitters? a. Adrenaline b. Epinephrine c. Serotonin d. Dopamine e. Acetylcholine

dopamine

Which neurotransmitter is affected by antipsychotic medications? a. Epinephrine b. Dopamine c. Norepinephrine d. Acetylcholine e. Serotonin

dopamine

antianxiety drugs

drugs used to control anxiety and agitation

antidepressant drugs

drugs used to treat depression, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder.

antipsychotic drugs

drugs used to treat schizophrenia and other forms of severe thought disorder

A psychotherapist who uses a blend of therapies is practicing what kind of approach? a. Eclectic b. Psychodynamic c. Cognitive d.Cognitive-behavioral e. Humanistic

eclectic

Many clinical psychologists incorporate a variety of approaches into their therapy. They are said to take a(n) ___________ approach. a. transference b. biomedical c. psychoanalytic d. eclectic e. psychodynamic

eclectic

Mary Cover Jones helped a little boy named Peter overcome his fear of rabbits by gradually moving a rabbit closer to him each day while he was eating his snack. This was one of the first applications of a. group therapy. b. virtual reality exposure therapy. c. aversive therapy. d. exposure therapy. e. cognitive therapy.

exposure therapy

Allowing people to discover, in a social context, that others have problems similar to their own is a unique benefit of what kind of therapy? a. Psychodynamic b. Psychopharmacological c. Group d. Cognitive e. Humanistic

group

Which of the following is one of the ways humanistic therapies differ from psychoanalytic therapies? a. Humanist therapies believe the past is more important than the present and future. b. Humanist therapies boost self-fulfillment by decreasing self-acceptance. c. Humanist therapies believe the path to growth is found by uncovering hidden determinants. d. Humanist therapies believe that unconscious thoughts are more important than conscious thoughts. e. Humanist therapies focus on promoting growth, not curing illness.

human therapies focus on promoting growth, not curing illness

interpretation

in psychoanalysis, the analyst's noting supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight

resistance

in psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material

transference

in psychoanalysis, the patient's transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships (such as love or hatred for a parent)

Which of the following is considered a benefit of group therapy? a. It is the most effective therapy for children. b. It is particularly effective in the treatment of antisocial personality disorder. c. It is particularly effective in the treatment of schizophrenia. d. It is the only setting proven effective for virtual reality exposure therapy. e. It saves time and money when compared with other forms of therapy.

it saves time and money when compared with other forms of therapy

On which of the following are token economies based? a. Classical conditioning b. Operant conditioning c. Group therapy d. Cognitive therapy e. Cognitive-behavioral therapy

operant conditioning

Which of the following is not recommended by therapists as a way to help prevent or get over depression? a. Recovered-memory therapies b. Aerobic exercise c. Light exposure d. Increased social connections e. Antirumination strategies

recovered memory therapies

What do psychodynamic therapists call the blocking of anxiety-laden material from the conscious? a. Resistance b. Interpretation c. Transference d. Face-to-face therapy e. Interpersonal psychotherapy

resistance

psychosurgery

surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior

repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)

the application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain; used to stimulate or suppress brain activity

resilience

the personal strength that helps most people cope with stress and recover from adversity and even trauma

psychopharmacology

the study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior

cognitive therapy

therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking and acting; based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions

family therapy

therapy that treats the family as a system. Views an individual's unwanted behaviors as influenced by, or directed at, other family members