AP PSYCH: UNIT 4

a. anticipates events

Classical conditioning is the type of learning in which a person links two or more stimuli and a. anticipates events b. receives a reward c. shuts down d. lays them out in space e. forgets about them

c. naturally triggers a response

In classical conditioning, the unconditioned stimulus a. is Pavlovian b. objectively studies psychology c. naturally triggers a response d. is initially irrelevant, and then comes to trigger a response e. is a naturally occurring response

who was the one who experimented with dogs and their salivation

Ivan Pavlov

who created the law of effect?

Thorndike

b. learning

Which of the following is best defined as a relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience? a. habituation b. learning c. stimulus d. acquisition e. response

All of the following are examples of primary reinforcers except a a. high score on an exam for which a student studied diligently b. large meal following an extended time without food c. hug from a loved one d. cold drink on a hot day e. rat's food reward in a Skinner box

a. high score on an exam for which a student studied diligently

biofeedback

allow people to monitor their subtle physiological responses; term for the electronic recording and presentation of information to an individual regarding their own physiological state

The work of Pavlov and Watson fits best into which of psychology's perspectives? a. Gestalt psychology b. humanism c. behaviorism d. trait theory e. neuropsychology

c. behaviorism

What do we call the kind of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer? a. respondent behavior b. punishment c. operant conditioning d. classical conditioning e. shaping

c. operant conditioning

The learned ability to distinguish between a conditoned stimulus and a stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus is known as? a. generalization b. conditioning c. acquisition d. discrimination e. extinction

d. discrimination

Which of the following best describes a discriminative stimulus? a. an innately reinforcing stimulus b. an event that decreases the behavior it follows c. an amplified stimulus feeding back information to responses d. something that elicits a response after association with a reinforcer e. something that when removed increases the likelihood of the behavior

d. something that elicits a response after association with a reinforcer

Lynn is teaching learning. Every time she claps her hands, Charlie turns of the light. When Randy claps in approval of Lynn's presentation, Charlie does not turn the light off. Charlie has demonstrated the concept of? a. extinction b. response c. spontaneous recovery d. habituation e. discrimination

e. discrimination

positive punishment

give something bad

positive reinforcement

increasing behaviors by presenting positive stimuli, such as food. A positive reinforcer is any stimulus that, when presented after a response, strengthens the response. GIVE SOMETHING GOOD

negative reinforcement

increasing the strength of a given response by removing or preventing a painful stimulus when the response occurs TAKE AWAY SOMETHING BAD

fixed-interval schedule

reinforcement occurs after a SET length of time

fixed-ratio schedule

reinforcement occurs after a SET number of responses

variable-interval schedule

reinforcement occurs after an UNPREDICTABLE length of time

variable-ratio schedule

reinforcement occurs after an UNPREDICTABLE number of responses

negative punishment

take away something good