Ap psych unit 5

Metacognition

"Thinking about thinking" or the ability to evaluate a cognitive task to determine how best to accomplish it, and then to monitor and adjust one's performance on that task

Mental set

Established way of thinking or perceive ing something

The arm position to throw the ball

If Jess has a type of amnesia that affects the formation of explicit memories but not implicit ones, which of the following will she be most likely to remember?

Automatic or effortful processing

It requires little mental effort,is done without conscious awareness

Availability heuristic

John went to the beach for vacation shortly after having watched a documentary film about shark attacks. Overestimating the possibility of encountering a shark in the water, he decided to spend the day sunbathing and reading instead of going for a swim. John's reasoning can be explained through

Logical mathematical

Keisha performs well in her geometry course in school, and her classmates often ask her for help with understanding word problems and writing formal proofs. Her friends describe her as very rational and analytical. According to Howard Gardner, which type of intelligence is Keisha most likely to possess?

Algorithm

Logical systematic procedure for solving a problem

Consolation

Long term memories being formed from short term memories

Schema

Marsha thinks the waiter asked her whether she wanted water even though he did not, because she thinks waiters ask patrons whether they want water.

Chunking

Memorizing things in categories

Long term potentiation

Memory foundation. The first time Colleen tries to remember Leo's name it takes her a long time, but over time she remembers it more quickly.

Explicit memory

Memory of your own experiences (date of your last basketball lesson)

short-term memory

Memory that can hold only a small amount of information

Conformation bias

Patrick believes his basketball coach doesn't like him and subsequently focuses on all the times the coach criticizes his playing and ignores all the times the coach praises his performance. Patrick's behavior is best explained by the concept of

Maintenance rehearsal

Simple thinking of words over and over. A teacher asks Yvonne to go to another classroom to get a student whom Yvonne has never met. As she walks, she repeats the student's name to herself over and over to help her remember. Yvonne is boosting her memory by using

Hermann ebbinghaus

Studied the function of memory, he memorized nonsense syllables to see how many he could remember

primacy effect

Susam left his grocery list at home and can remember only the first two items on the list. Remembering things that came early on or first.

Association network

The fact that Lori finds herself thinking about dogs and other pets after seeing a cat is evidence that human memory is organized into

Method of loci

To remember a list of words, Jerry tries walking through his bedroom and making associations between words on the list and various areas he visits in his bedroom. Jerry is trying to improve his memory encoding by using

State dependent memory

Tommy finding it easier to remember the materials on an exam while taking it because he was sad while studying for the exam

Behaviorism

Vandana, a 12-month-old infant, is listening to her father talk to her and suddenly repeats a word that he just said. Her father praises her and gives her a cookie. After she gets the cookie, she repeats the word again. Vandana's behavior can be best explained by using the theory of

Elaborative encoding

When something new is associated with something meaningful or an existing memory, remembering a specific tree by saying "stinko ginkgo" because it smells bad

mental set

a tendency to approach a problem in one particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past

method of loci

associating items on a list with a sequence of familiar physical locations

rehearsal

conscious repetition of information

deep processing

encoding semantically, based on the meaning of the words, using past knowledge

Predictable world bias

when people see patterns in things that are random. They may make predictions based on past events rather than on actual probabilities of future events. believing that nice weather is due this year because it rained a lot the last three years

Failure of source monitoring

Amir telling Jorge the same story Jorge told him earlier in the week, because Amir forgot Jorge already told him the story

Creative intelligence

Arthur is helping his friend set up her new phone. Arthur has never used this type of phone, but he uses his knowledge of setting up his own phone to help figure out how to use the new phone. According to Robert Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence, Arthur is using which type of intelligence?

Executive functioning provides the basis for general intelligence

Being able to remember a long list of instructions. Geoff is able to easily remember a long list of instructions after hearing them only once and also scores higher than average on intelligence tests.

Ecliptic memories

Created in hippocampus

Self reference

David was studying some important historical dates for a test. He noticed that the day and month of one of the dates was the same as his own birthday, and he tried to use that fact to help him remember the date for his test. What is David using to enhance his memory?