AP Psych Unit 5- Test Review

The release of stored serotonin and the eventual damage of serotonin-producing neurons is most closely associated with the long-term use of

Ecstasy

Which of the following is true of alcohol?

In large doses, it is a depressant; in small doses, it is a depressant

How is the hypothalamus involved in sleep?

In response toe decreasing light the hypothalamus' suprachiastmatic nucleus causes the pineal gland to increase production of melatonin, leading you to sleep

Which of the following is true of melatonin?

It is a sleep hormone released by the pineal gland into the bloodstream

After Carlos had been asleep for about an hour and a half, his heart began to beat faster, his breathing became fast and irregular and his closed eyes began to dart back and forth. Carlos was most likely experiencing

REM sleep

The hypnagogic sensations of falling or floating are most likely to occur during which sleep stage?

Stage 1

Sleeptalking is most likley to occur during

Stage 2

What is most likely to occur when the brain is repeatedly flooded with artificial opiates?

The brain stops producing endorphins

Which of the following is most accurate about a typical night's sleep?

The sleep cycle repeats itself every about 90 minutes

What do methamphetamine, ecstasy and cocaine have in common?

They excite neural activity and arouse body functions

Which of the following is true of night terrors?

They typically occur during Stage 4 sleep

Raymond recently got a job that requires him to occasionally work night shifts during which he is extremely sleepy. He is also experiencing difficulty sleeping during the day. His symptoms are most likely due to a disruption of his

circadian rhythm

Prior to age 9, children's dreams seem more like a slide show and less like an active story in which the dreamer is an actor. This best illustrates that the content of dreams reflects children's

cognitive development

Just prior to awakening John from a hypnotic state, the therapist told him that during the next few days he would feel nauseous whenever he ate sweets. John's therapist was attempting to make use of

posthypnotic suggestion

Alcohol, marijuana, cocaine and a wide variety of other chemical agents that alter perceptions and moods are called

psychoactive drugs

Alpha waves are associated with

relaxed but awake state

According to Freud's wish fulfillment dream theory, dreams allow us to

satisfy wishes hidden in our subconscious that would be inappropriate in our waking consciousness

LSD and other powerful hallucinogens are chemically similar to, and therefore block the actions of, a subtype of the "feel good" neurotransmitter

serotonin

Jackie's doctor has advised her to lose weight. Among his concerns are that obesity is a risk factor for developing which of the following sleep disorders?

sleep apnea

Mr. Dayton occasionally stops breathing while sleeping. He wakes up to snort air for a few seconds before falling back asleep. Mrs. Dayton complains that her husband snores. Clearly, Mr. Dayton suffers from

sleep apnea

The rhythmic bursts of brain activity that occur during Stage 2 sleep are called

sleep spindles

According to the ___ theory, hypnotized people believe they are hypnotized and play their role accordingly by letting the hypnotist direct their attention.

social influence

Research has indicated that hypnosis

enables some people to undergo surgery with only a local anesthesia

Which of the following typically occur(s) during REM sleep?

genital arousal

Hypnosis involves a state of

heightened openness to suggestion

Researchers have demonstrated that hypnosis can be useful in treating all of the following conditions except

helping individuals

Which dream theory suggests that we consolidate the day's memories and learning during REM sleep?

information processing

Layla has difficulty going to sleep and staying asleep. Layla is most likely suffering from

insomnia

Margie insists that she never dreams, but her sister feels she can prove otherwise. To prove that Margie does dream, the sister should

let Margie sleep a little more than an hour then wake her of sleep and ask her what she's dreaming

The lack of the neurotransmitter orexin, which is linked to alertness, has been linked to which of the following sleep disorders?

narcolepsy

Which of the following sleep disorders would be the most incapacitating for a commercial bus driver?

narcolepsy

By triggering the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine, ____ boosts alertness and diminishes appetite.

nicotine

Which of the following drugs is classified as a stimulant?

nicotine

After a few hours of being asleep, Bobby often sits up in bed screaming incoherently. His mother tries to awaken him, but with no success. His pulse races and he gasps for breath. The next morning he remembers nothing. Bobby suffers from

night terrors

Chronic sleep debt is most likely to promote

obesity

Research indicates that memories retrieved during hypnosis are

often a combination of fact and fiction

REM sleep is called paradoxical sleep because

our nervous system is highly active, while our voluntary muscles hardly move and we are externally calm

If Marty doesn't drink caffeinated sodas daily, he experiences severe headaches. Marty is most clearly showing signs of

physical dependence

Physical pain and intense cravings indicate

physical dependence

Some researchers suggest that the brain activity associated with REM sleep provides the sleeping brain with periodic stimulation. This finding supports which of the following dream theories?

physiological function

A split consciousness during hypnosis allows the subject to be focused on the hypnotist's suggestions with part of the brain but to be conscious of other stimuli at the same time. This theory involves

dissociation

The need to take larger and larger doses of a drug in order to experience its effects is an indication of

tolerance

Terry has not had a decent night of sleep in over a week. If this sleep deprivation continues, he will become increasingly susceptible to

viral infections

The discomfort and distress that follow the discontinued use of certain drugs is called

withdrawal

Which of the following is bad advice for a person trying to overcome insomnia?

Drink a glass of wine 15 minutes before bedtime

Twenty-two-year-old Felicia scores high in hypnotic responsiveness as measured by the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale. Research suggests that Felicia may also have

a rich fantasy life

When cocaine is snorted, free-based on injected, it produces a rush of euphoria by

depleting the brain's supply of dopamine, serotonin and norepinephrine

Drugs such as barbiturates and opiates that calm neural activity and slow body functions are called

depressants

Which theory suggests that dreams are mental responses to make sense of random bursts of neural stimulation that occur during sleep?

activation-synthesis theory

Alcohol consumption disrupts the processing of recent experiences into long-term memory by

decreasing REM sleep