AP Psychology Chapter 1.1: Five Waves, History of Psych
Eclectic
Drawing from multiple perspectives W5
describe the fifth wave of psychology
multiple perspectives "Let's consider many viewpoints!" Big names/terms: -Eclectic -Modern-day
What are the five "waves" of psychology?
1. introspection 2. gestalt psychology 3. psychoanalysis 4. behaviorism 5. multiple perspectives
Wilhelm Wundt
1832-1920 Set up the first psychology laboratory German Trained subjects in introspection Described it as "structuralism" W1
What was the dominant school of thought from 1920-1960?
Behavioralism
John Watson--Ivan Pavlov
John Watson studied the conditioning experiments of Ivan Pavlov WATSON declared that psych must be OBSERVABLE (W4) Wanted behavioralism to be the dominant form of psychology
William James
1842-1910 Published the Principles of Psychology Examined how what Wundt identified functioned in our lives Called functionalism W1
Max Wertheimer
Argued against dividing human thought and behavior into discrete structures Tried to examine a person's total experience W2
Sigmund Freud
Created psychoanalytic theory Decided that humans had an unconscious mind Hidden due to repression We must understand the unconscious mind fully through dream analysis, word association, etc Criticized for having no scientific data to back up his claims W3
Repression
Developed by Freud We can't deal with anxious and stressful thoughts, so we push them down into the unconscious mind (repress them) W3
Stimuli and response
Environmental events (stimuli) and how your react (responses) W4
Reinforcement
Environmental stimuli that either encourages or discourages certain responses W4
Mary Whiton-Calkins
First woman President of the American Psychological Association W1
Plato/Democritus
Greek philosophers Theorized about the relationship between human thought and behavior W1
B.F. Skinner
HUGELY INFLUENTIAL DUDE 1904-1990 Behaviorist Expanded it to include what is called reinforcement Really believed in environmental stimuli W4
trephination
Stone age humans carving holes in their heads to release evil spirits W1
G. Stanley Hall
Student of James Pioneered the study of child development The original president of the American Psychology Association W1
Margaret Floy Washburn
The first woman to earn a Ph.D. in psychology W1
structuralism
The idea that the mind operates by combining subjective emotions and objective sensations Developed by Wilhelm Wundt W1
describe the third wave of psychology
psychoanalysis "The unconscious (and possibly insane) mind" Big names/terms: -Sigmund Freud -Dream analysis, word association, etc -words like "defense mechanism" **While not extraordinarily prevalent in modern psych, his newly coined buzzwords are constantly used
describe the second wave of psychology
gestalt "Total experience; the painting; context as well as the behavior" Big names/terms: -Max Wertheimer **Does NOT significantly influence modern psych
functionalism
how introspection thoughts (thoughts that Wundt thought of) work in our lives developed by William James W1
describe the first wave of psychology
introspection "Humans thinking about their own thoughts and behavior" Big names/terms: -trephination -Plato/Democritus -Wilhelm Wundt -William James -Mary Whiton-Calkins -Margaret Floy Washburn -G. Stanley Hall **Does NOT significantly influence modern psych
describe the fourth wave of psychology
behaviorism "Psychology must be observable; it shows in your behavior" Big names/terms: -John Watson--Ivan Pavlov -Stimuli and response -B.F. Skinner -Reinforcement
