Ap Psychology Practice Test #3
20) The common tendency to assume that the beliefs, values, attitudes, or actions of one's own group are superior to those of other groups is called A. Deindividuation B. Groupthink C. Observer Bias D. Ethnocentrism E. Reactance
D. Ethnocentrism
40) A child has learned that her grandparents ignore rather than reward her tantrums. Which of the following operant principles are the grandparents using to control the child's behavior? A. positive reinforcement B. negative reinforcement C. Delayed reinforcement D. Extinction E. Stimulus substitution
D. Extinction
81) A fifty-two-year-old woman notices a decrease in her ability to solve unfamiliar problems quickly and to form new concepts, although she still feels confident in recalling and using familiar information. This is most likely due to a decline in A. Mental Age B. Concrete operational thought C. Crystallized intelligence D. Fluid intelligence E. Preoperational thought
D. Fluid intelligence
86) A young couple was having a picnic outdoors when a sudden rainstorm approached. They became soaked, because they did not think of using their plastic tablecloth for protection from the rain. Their oversight best illustrates A. Ill-structured problems B. Insight C. Divergent thinking D. Functional fixedness E. Incubation
D. Functional Fixedness
11) The reappearance, after a rest period, of an extinguished conditioned response is called A. Acquisition B. Generalization C. Extinction D. Discrimination E. Spontaneous recovery
E. Spontaneous recovery
35) In neurons, neurotransmitters released at the A. axon B. Cell bodies C. Dendrites D. Receptor sites E Synaptic vesicles
E. Synaptic vesicles
93) A
A
24) Ben normally sleeps from 10:00 P.M. to 7:00 A.M.. In which of the following time periods would he experience the LEAST amount of REM sleep? A. 10:00 P.M. and 11:00 P.M. B. 12:00 A.M. and 1:00 A.M. C. 1:00 A.M.. and 2:00 A.M. D. 3:00 A.M. and 4:00 A.M. E. 6:00 A.M. and 7:00 A.M.
A. 10:00 P.M. and 11:00 P.M.
29) Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system most frequently results in which of the following? A. Acceleration of heart and breathing rates and dilation of pupils B. Stimulation of tearing, salivation, and peristalsis C. Calming the body D. Contraction of the muscles of the hands and feet E. Raising the perceptual of olfactory and gustatory receptors
A. Acceleration of heart and breathing rates and dilation of pupils.
71) Match the Roman numerals in the table above with the appropriate terms in signal detection theory. A. Look at the table and answers on paper B. C. D. E.
A. Miss, False Alarm, Hit, Correct Rejection
55) A child believes that all birds can fly, yet comes to realize that a penguin in a bird. Which of the following terms was used by Jean Piaget to refer to this developmental process of changing one's ways of thinking in order to incorporate new information? A. Accommodation B. Egocentrism C. Formal operational thought D. Assimilation E. Concrete operational thought
A. Accommodation
33) The ability of the human visual system to barely detect a candle flame at a distance of about 30 miles on a clear, dark night is an example of A. An absolute threshold B. A difference theshold C. A just noticeable difference D. Weber's Law E. Fechner's Law
A. An absolute threshold
94) Which of the following best describes the representativeness heuristic? A. An estimate of the likelihood of an event based on how well it matches a typical example. B. An estimate of the likelihood of an event based on how easily it can be recalled. C. Biased decision making based on the way a question is framed. D. The tendency to believe something after it has been discredited E. The tendency to use an initial value as a reference point in making new estimates.
A. An estimate of the likelihood of an event based on how well it matches a typical example.
64) Maturation differs from learning in that developmental changes due to maturation A. are relatively independent of environmental factors B. Follow no predictable pattern C. Can take place only in an enriched environment D. Cease after early childhood E. Require practice
A. Are relatively independent of environmental factors
25) Aversion therapy to eliminate undesirable behavior is most likely to be used by which of the following types of therapists? A. Behavioral B. Psychoanalytic C. Cognitive D. Reality E. Humanistic
A. Behavioral
5) Rhoda sometimes experiences periods of major depression. At other times, she is extremely talkative and active, appears to be in a euphoric mood, goes days without sleeping, and reports that her thoughts are racing. The most likely diagnosis of Rhoda's condition is A. Bipolar disorder B. Dissociative identity disorder C. Delusional Disorder D. Major Depressive Disorder E. Schizophrenia
A. Bipolar disorder
42) In the treatment of patients, which of the following psychologists made no attempt to offer formal diagnosis, advice, or interpretation of patients' unconscious motives? A. Carl Rogers B. Aaron Beck C. Albert Ellis D. Sigmund Freud E. Carl Jung
A. Carl Rogers
12) Tension from an inconsistency between an individual's attitudes and behavior is A. cognitive dissonance B. Altruism C. Deindividuation D. Information propinquity E. Constancy
A. Cognitive Disonance
39) A therapist who helps a client replace irrational thoughts with alternative patterns of thinking is using which of the following techniques? A. Cognitive restructuring B. Cognitive dissonance C. Systematic desensitization D. Extinction E. Aversive conditioning
A. Cognitive restructuring
50) Although it can produce undesirable side-effects, electroconvulsive therapy(ECT) has been shown to be most effective in the treatment of A. Depression B. Schizophrenia C. Panic disorder D Psychogenic Amnesia E. Multiple personality
A. Depression
65) Of the following, which is the best example of divergent thinking in problem-solving? A. Devising as many solutions as possible B. Ending the solution process with functional fixedness C. Arriving at a single, plausible solution D. Developing a personal analogy E. Brainstorming within a category of associated solutions
A. Devising as many solutions as possible
75) Classical conditioning is most efficient when the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) A. Immediately follows the conditioned stimulus (CS) B. Follows the conditioned stimulus (CS) by a few minutes C. Immediately preceded the conditioned stimulus (CS) D. Preceded the conditioned stimulus (CS) by a few minutes E. Is presented at the same time as the conditioned stimulus (CS)
A. Immediately follows the conditioned response
67) The five-factor theory of personality (The Big Five) does NOT include which of the following characteristics? A. Intelligence B. Conscientiousness C. Extraversion D. Agreeableness E. Neuroticism/ stability
A. Intelligence
31) An example of an episodic memory is the memory of A. One's high school graduation B. The capital of a state C. What the musical note C sounds like D. How to type E. A mood that is triggered by the experience of a particular scent
A. One's high school Graduation
69) A researcher asks a young child what she did yesterday. The child replies, "I goed to the park." This is best described as an example of A. Overregulation of grammar rules B. Contradictory morphemes C. The deep structure of language D. Incorrect pragmatics E. Semantic error
A. Overregulation of grammar rules
6) Which of the following is true about rods and cones? A. Rods facilitate black-and-white vision and cones facilitate color vision. B. Both rods and comes are most concentrated at the periphery of the retina. C. Both rods and cones are most concentrated at the blind spot of the retina. D. Rods and cones are distributed evenly throughout the retina. E. Rods are most useful than cones for perception in well-lit areas.
A. Rods facilitate black-and-white vision and cones facilitate color vision.
22) In "Baby X" studies, researchers alternately dressed an infant in typical boys' or girls' clothing. Adults who were asked to play with the infant treated the baby in boys' clothing in a generally rougher manner than when asked to play with the same infant dressed in girls' clothing. This behavior is the result of A. Stereotyping B. Androgyny C. Indulgence D. Neglect E. Framing
A. Stereotyping
30) The experience of an emotion, as described by the James-Lange theory, would follow which order? A. Stimulus, arousal, emotion B. Stimulus, emotion, arousal C. Emotion, Arousal, stimulus D. Arousal, stimulus, emotion E. Arousal, emotion, stimulus
A. Stimulus, arousal, emotion
1) The validity of a personality test is best indicated by which of the following? A. The correlation between test scores and some other relevant measure. B. The correlation between test score and IQ C. The inverse correlation of the variables being tested D. The number of people in the test's norming population. E. The number of questions in the test that can be objectively scores.
A. The correlation between test scores and some other relevant measure.
16) Which of the following is true of individuals who experience severe withdrawals symptoms when they abruptly stop using a drug that the have been taking for a long time? A They are physically dependent on the drug. B. They are tolerant of the withdrawal effects. C. They are in a state of reverse tolerance. D. They are experiencing disinhibition. E. They are demonstrating projective indentification.
A. They are physically dependent on the drug.
According to David McClelland, which of the following is true of individuals who have strong need for achievement? A. They seek out tasks that are moderately difficult. B. They are not likely to persist on any task. C. They seek out tasks that are easy. D. They seek out tasks that are nearly impossible. E. They are less likely to pursue success in their occupations.
A. They seek out tasks that are moderately difficult.
68) Which of the following is a hormone that is most directly related to human sex drive? A. Acetylcholine B. Testosterone C. Angiotensin D. Dopamine E. Norepinephrine
B. Testosterone
52) Research suggests that ability to cope with stress in everyday situations is closely related to a person's A. annual income B. ability to predict and control potential stressors C. Verbal intelligence D. Direct experience in competitive sport s E. Low-calorie diet
B. Ability to predict and control potential stressors
95) Noam Chomsky hypothesized that humans learn language through A. Conditioning and reinforcement B. An innate language acquisition device C. General cognitive development D. Interpersonal Communication E Trial-and-error
B. An innate language acquisition device
44) Kevin laughs when others are injured by his thoughtless pranks and shows little regard for the feelings or well-being of others. He has been in trouble with the police and other authority figures a number of times. Which of the following disorders would best describe Kevin's behavior? A. Dissociative identity disorder B. Antisocial personality disorder C. Narcissistic personality disorder D. Obsessive-Compulsive personality disorder E. Dependent personality disorder
B. Antisocial personality disorder
41) The school psychologists observes Johnny in class, noting the number of times he disrupts the class on a particular day. The school psychologists then instructs the teacher to ignore Johnny when he misbehaves and to praise him when is good. This method of handling Johnny is an example of which of the following psychological approaches? A. Cognitive B. Behavioral C. Humanistic D. Psychoanalytic E. Biological
B. Behavioral
10) After constant exposure to a stimulus, our nerve cells fire less frequently. This can be explained by which of the following? A. Weber's Law B. Sensory adaptation C. Signal Detection D. Absolute threshold sensitivity E. The phi phenomenon
B. Sensory adaption
80) When a teacher compares the performance of her students on the even- and odd-numbered questions in a multiple-choice test, she is determining A. equivalent-form reliability B. Split-half reliability C. Face Validity D. Concurrent validity E. Construct validity
B. Split-half reliability
15) A person who is fearful of rattlesnakes but not garden snakes is exhibiting A. response learning B. Discrimination learning C. Insight learning D. Extinction E. Generalization
B. Discrimination learning
4) Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is highly correlated with which of the following? A. A lack of genital arousal B. Dreams C. Tensed muscles D. Considerable tossing and turning E. Sleep apnea
B. Dreams
14) The section of the brain considered most vital to the initiation of feeding behaviors is the A. Hippocampus B. Hypothalamus C. Superior olive D. Suprachiasmatic nucleus E. Substantia nigra
B. Hypothalamus
57) According to Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of the following needs must first be met before belongingness and love become important? I. Safety needs II. Esteem needs III. Self-Actualization needs IV. Physiological needs A. I only B. I and IV only C. II and III only D. I, II, and IV E. II, III, and IV
B. I and IV only
75) A person closes a window to shut out traffic noise. The reduction in noise leads the person to close the window every day. This is an example of A. Positive reinforcement B. Negative reinforcement C. Punishment D. Omission training E. An appetitive stimulus
B. Negative Reinforcement
97) A researcher studying the effect of noise level on concentration randomly assigns student participants to either a noisy room or a quiet room to take a problem-solving test. The researchers subsequently compares the two groups' test scores using a t-test and concludes p=.05. The independent variable in this study is the A. P value B. Noise level C. Problem-solving test scores D. T-test E. Experimental group
B. Noise level
77) Which of the following did Alfred Adler suggest is the primary driving force in the development of personality? A. Resolving the Electra complex B. Overcoming the inferiority complex C. Extinguishing reinforcement history D. Analyzing the collective unconscious E. Repressing the libido
B. Overcoming the inferiority complex
61) Jessie and a friend are driving in rush-hour highway traffic when a car suddenly cuts in front of them in order to reach an unmarked exit ramp. Jessie's passenger points out that the circumstances may have required the other driver to do so, while Jessie loudly criticizes the personal qualities of the other driver. Jessie's response is best explained by A. Cognitive Dissonance Theory B. The Fundamental attribution error C. A self-fulfilling prophecy D. The mere exposure effect E. Social inhibition theory
B. The fundamental attribution error
76) The process of remembering several pieces of information mentally associating an image of each with a different location is a mnemonic device known as A. The key-word method B. The method of loci C. The peg word system D. The link method E. Chunking
B. The method of loci
47) Which of the following scatterplots depicts the most predictive negative correlation between two variables? A. B. C. D. E. (Look at pictures)
C
51) Of the following, which therapy of motivation emphasizes the urge for an optimal level of stimulation? A. Instinct B. Frustration-aggression C. Arousal D. Incentive E. Evolutionary
C. Arousal
87) The semicircular canals, located in the inner ear, provide important information about the A. Apparent distance of sound B. Air pressure of the surrounding area C. Body's posture and head position D. Frequency of sound waves E. Amplitude of sound waves
C. Body's posture and head position
2)A group of students perceived a stationary point of light in a dark room as a moving object. When asked later how far the light had moved, their responses increased in similarity as they heard each others' estimates. Their outcome was a demonstration of A. obedience B. Social Facilitation C. Conformity D. Visual Masking E. Motion Parallax
C. Conformity
26) A bundle of nerve fiber that interconnects the two brain hemispheres is the A. Association Areas B. Thalamus C. Corpus Callosum D. Sylvian Fissure E. Optic Chiasm
C. Corpus Callosum
70) Which of the following is the phase of Hans Selye's general adaptation syndrome wherein individuals are most vulnerable to illness, collapse, and even death? A. Appraisal B. Alarm C. Exhaustion D. Denial E. Resistance
C. Exhaustation
37) A researcher conducts an experiment to test the claim that new drug Y is more effective than standard drug X in inhibiting arousal. The researcher randomly assigns participants to receive drug Y or drug X and subsequently measures arousal. In this experiment, participants receiving drug Y constitute the A. Dependent variable B. Confounding group C. Experimental group D. Control Group E. Placebo group
C. Experimental group
36) A therapist who uses systematic desensitization to help a child overcome a white rabbit phobia will probably begin treatment by A. Exploring the child's early ego formation B. Having the child imagine being in a room full of rabbits C. Having the child list in a hierarchy of white, fuzzy objects D. Analyzing the child's recent dreams for evidence of rabbit themes E. Exposing the child to several tame, docile rabbits
C. Having the child list in a hierarchy of white, fuzzy objects
17) Which of the following is a measure of central tendency that is most influenced by extreme scores? A. Median B. Standard deviation C. Mean D. Analysis of Variance E. Mode
C. Mean
32) The strongest support for the hereditary basis of personality comes from research techniques that use A. comparisons of photographs of the physiques of young male siblings B. Rater's estimates of the similarity between mother and child in personality characteristics such as shyness. C. Measurements of behavioral similarities of identical twins reared apart D. Clinical case studies of the frequency of a personality trait in a family E. Correlations of test score profiles of brothers and sisters from the same family
C. Measurement of behavioral similarities of identical twins reared apart
78) Which of the following is true regarding cross-cultural studies on attributional tendencies? A. The actor-observer bias is universal. B. People in collectivist cultures are more likely to commit the fundamental attribution error than people in individualistic cultures. C. People in individualistic cultures are more likely to commit the fundamental attribution error than people in collectivist cultures. D. People in collectivist cultures are more likely to base their attributions about people on their appearance than are people in individualistic cultures. E. It is almost impossible to determine cultural difference in attributional biases with an experimental design.
C. People in individualistic cultures are more likely to commit the fundamental attribution error than people in collectivist cultures.
96) A researcher studying the effect of noise level on concentration randomly assigns student participants to either a noisy room or a quiet room to take a problem-solving test. The researchers subsequently compares the two groups' test scores using a t-test and concludes p=.05. The dependent variable in this study is the A. p value B. noise level C. Problem-solving test scores D. T-test E. Experimental group
C. Problem-solving test scores
58) When Stanley Milgram asked psychiatrists to predict how far participants would go in administering shock in his original demonstration on obedience to authority, the psychiatrists A. Made accurate predications B. Significantly overestimated the level C. Significantly underestimated the level D. Accurately predicted male responses but underestimated female responses E. Declined to play a role in the research based on their ethical objections
C. Significantly underestimated the level
66) The gate control theory attempts to explain how A. The brain analyzes patterns by analyzing changes in brightness over broad areas B. Filtering of excess information results in reduced response to constant stimulation C. The nervous system blocks or allows pain signals to pass to the brain D. Differing regions of the tongue are more sensitive to different tastes E. Chemicals released by one animal can shape the behavior of a second animal of the same species
C. The nervous system blocks or allows pain signals to pass to the brain
23) Keisha recently lost the sight in her left eye. In which of the following situations would Keisha NOT be able to judge depth? A. Looking down a railroad track as it disappears into the distance B. Looking out a train window at passing scenery C. Throwing a ball to a friend D. Watching two people approach from different distances E. Watching a crowd of children play in a school yard
C. Throwing a ball to a friend
99) Which of the following correlation coefficients most likely represents the relationship between the length of sleep deprivation and level of alertness? A. 1.35 B. 0.85 C. 0.01 D. -0.4 E. -1.25
D. -0.4
59) In a normal distribution, approximately what percent of the cores occur within one standard deviation above and below the mean? A. 5% B. 16% C. 33% D. 68% E. 97%
D. 68%
85) A mother gives her child an orange for the first time. The child rolls it across the table and says, "ball." Which of the following Piagetian processes would account for this behavior? A. Seriation B. Accommodation C. Reversal D. Assimilation E. Conservation
D. Assimilation
18) The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR) includes which of the following? A. Detailed case histories and verbatim patient interviews for each type of mental disorder B. Tables of biological abnormalities responsible for each type of mental disorder C. Discussions of the pros and cons of various treatment approaches for each type of mental disorder D. Classification and diagnosis of each type of mental disorder E. Discussions of insurance coverage for each type of mental disorder
D. Classification and diagnosis of each type of mental disorder
79) The Schachter-Singer theory of emotion includes a component not discussed in the James-Lange theory. What is this component? A. Stimulus situation B. Arousal C. Facial Feedback D. Cognitive labeling E. Subjective emotion
D. Cognitive labeling
38) A person leaves her current home, moves to a new location, takes on a new identity, and has little or no memory of her former life. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR), which of the following diagnoses is most appropriate? A. Conversion disorder B. Panic disorder C. Bipolar disorder D. Dissociative disorder E. Schizophrenic disorder
D. Dissociative Disorder
82) A researcher gave identical puzzles to a five-year-old children in two groups, group A and group B. The children in group A were promised candy if they completed the puzzles quickly and well. The children in group B were not promised a reward but were encouraged to do the best that they could. If the researcher argues that overjustification occurred, which of the following most likely happened during the experiment? A. Group A worked harder and better than group B. B. Both groups worked equally hard and well. C. Group B felt angry at not receiving the promise of a reward and therefore did not work at all. D. Group A did not work as hard or as well as group B and would be less likely to spontaneously work on similar puzzles in the future. E. Group B worked equally well as group A but would quickly argue that they would have done better if offered a reward.
D. Group A did not work as hard or as well as group B an would less likely to spontaneosly work on similar puzzled in the future.
63) Which of the following lends the most support to the view that early explorers undertook their explorations to gain wealth and fame? A. Arousal theorists B. Drive-reduction theorists C. Humanistic theorists D. Incentive theorists E. Sociobiological theorists
D. Incentive theorists
73) Long-term potentiation is best described as the A. Interference effect of old memories on the formation of new memories B. Disruptive influence of recent memories on the recall of old memories C. Tendency of people to recall experiences that are consistent with their current mood D. Increased efficiency of synaptic transmission between certain neurons following learning E. Superior ability of older adults to recall events from their childhood
D. Increased efficiency of synaptic transmission between certain neurons following learning
28) Which gland of the endocrine system controls the activity of other glands> A. Pancreas B Thyroid C. Adrenal D. Pituitary E. Pineal
D. Pituitary
100) Computer-generated color images of the brain that provide information about glucose metabolism are produced by which of the following techniques? A. Electroencephalography (EEG) B. Electromyography (EMG) C. Magnetic resonance imagining (MRI) D. Positron-emission tomography (PET) E. Computerized axial tomography (CAT)
D. Positron-emission tomography (PET)
46) The frustration-aggression hypothesis views aggression as A. Unconscious B. Physiological C. innate D. Reactive E. Cognitive
D. Reactive
43) In an emergency situation, the adrenal glands secrete hormones that cause all of the following EXCEPT A. Increased heart rate B. Increased blood pressure C. Increased blood sugar level D. Reduced mood swings E. Reduced blood flow to digestive system
D. Reduced mood swings
Jamal receives a Full Scale IQ score of 125 on the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales. This score indicates that he A. scored exactly on 125 times on the test B. Scored exactly at the mode of the test C. Scored exactly at the median of the test D. Scored more than one standard deviation above the mean of the test E. Has 125 unites of intelligence as operationalized by the test
D. Scored more than one standard deviation above the mean of the test
83) Most professionals from the United States rate themselves better in performance and competence than their average peer. This is an example of A. Self-actualization B. Objective self-awareness C. Enlightened self-schemas D. Self-serving bias E. The fundamental attribution error
D. Self-serving bias
91) According to Erik Erikson's theory of development, the key concern of early adulthood is A. Establishing a career B. Leaving the parents' world C. Raising children D. Sharing intimacy with another E. Building an identity
D. Sharing intimacy with another
98) A researcher studying the effect of noise level on concentration randomly assigns student participants to either a noisy room or a quiet room to take a problem-solving test. The researchers subsequently compares the two groups' test scores using a t-test and concludes p=.05. The researcher's conclusion that p=.05 most likely indicates A. That the difference in the two groups' scores is most likely due to chance B. That a loss of concentration is common among students C. The presence of a confounding variable D. That the difference between the two groups is statistically significant E. That noise has no effect on concentration
D. That the difference between the two groups is statistically significant
90) The news of a plane crash causes a couple to cancel their plane reservation and drive 1,000 miles in their car instead, even though they know that fatal automobile accidents are much more common than airplane accidents. The couple's decision mainly involves A. The overconfidence effect B. Confirmation bias C. Belief bias D. The availability heuristic E. The representativeness heuristic
D. The availability heuristic
9) According to Lawrence Kohlberg, children at the first level of moral reasoning make judgments about right and wrong on the basis of A. Cultural norms B. Social conventions C. Religious beliefs D. The likelihood of punishment E. The approval of siblings and same-sex peers
D. The likelihood of punishment
3) Dr. Lewis decided to study the television viewing habits of her students and therefore demanded that they complete and return a survey regarding their viewing habits. Which of the following ethical principles was clearly violated in this study? A. The right to have a copy of the results. B. The right to have a copy of the survey. C. The right to be protected from unnecessary risk of harm. D. The right to refuse to participate in the study. E. The right to be informed of deception.
D. The right to refuse to participate in the study.
13) Two groups of participants in a study are presented a list of 20 words. The first group is told to count the number of capital letters in the words and the second group is told to think of the definition of each word. When both groups are asked to recall the word lists, which of the following is most likely to occur? A. Each group will recall the same number of words. B. The first group will recall more words than the second group. C. The first group will rehearse the words, but the second group will not. D. The second group will recall more words than the first group. E. Both groups will recall all of the words.
D. The second group will recall more words than the first group.
21) A researcher shows a picture to a volunteer, the picture features a women in the foreground and an older man, looking over her shoulder, in the background. The volunteer is asked to "tell a story" about the picture. The researcher assume that the volunteer will project his own unconscious feelings into the story he tells. This is an example of which of the following tests? A. Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) B. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) C. Rorschach Inkblot test D. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) E. Stanford-Binet Test
D. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
88) Which of the following is generally true of participants in Lewis Truman;s longitudinal study of intellectually gifted children? A. Their IQ dropped with age. B. Their IQ increased with age. C. They exhibited a higher-than-average incidence of mental illness. D. They led happy and fulfilling lives. E. They came from larger-than-average families.
D. They led happy and fulfilling lives.
53) Which of the following is true of persons with schizophrenia? A. They have multiple personalities B. They are typically cured if they take appropriate medication. C. They are often unable to understand simple statements. D. They typically experience onset in late adolescence or early childhood. E. They typically have a history of being maltreated as children.
D. They typically experience onset in late adolescence or early childhood.
89) Which of the following is the best example of social inhibition? A. A child refuses to imitate the modeled behavior of an adult. B. An intelligent, charming person acts aloof and sullen at a party. C. A person who is very good at "ring toss" carnival games performs even better as a crowd gathers. D. A person declines to contribute to a church group even thought a gift is offered in return. E. A person who is a poor bowler begins to bowl even worse than usual when several friends are watching.
E. A person who is poor bowler begins to bowl even worse than usual when several friends are watching.
84) Which classic study forms the basis for social (observational) learning? A. Ivan Pavlov . . . salivating dogs B. B.F. Skinner . . . key-pecking pigeons C. John Garcia . . . nauseous rats D. John Watson . . . Little Albert E. Albert Bandura . . . Bobo doll
E. Albert Bandura . . . Bobo doll
56) Which of the following best represents a humanistic explanation for an anxiety disorder? A. Lower-than-normal levels of inhibitory neurotransmitters like GABA result in higher levels of anxiety B. Irrational and maladaptive thought processes lead to increased levels of anxiety C. Anxiety is either classically or operantly conditoned D. Anxiety results from internal unconscious conflict E. Anxiety results when an individual experiences a gap between his ideal self and his real self
E. Anxiety results when an individual experiences a gap between his ideal self and his real self
92) The quotation below is consistent with the views of which of the following schools of psychology? "Give me a dozen healthy infants,well-formed, and my own specified world to bring them up in and I'll guarantee to take any one at random and train him to be any type of specialist I might select-doctor, lawyer, artist, merchant-chief and, yes, even beggar-man and thief . . ." A. Existentialism B. Structuralism C. Humanism D. Gestalt E. Behaviorism
E. Behaviorism
62) Janet believes her brother Ralph is depressed because he has a distorted view of reality: he has unrealistically negative thoughts. Which of the following theories comes closet to describing Janet's orientation to abnormal behavior? A. Biological B. Psychodynamic C. Behavioral D. Systems E. Cognitive
E. Cognitive
27) Which of the following is LEAST likely to be used in research on personality? A. Interviews B. Observations C. Inventories D. Projective tests E. Conservation Tasks
E. Conservation Tasks
34) When members of a group who tend to agree on an issue become more extreme in their opinion after the issue is discussed, which of the following has taken place? A. Deindivduation B. Depersonalization C. Groupthink D. Group norming E. Group polarization
E. Group polarization
8) Dan always return after leaving home to see if he locked the door. He always locks the door, but he thinks about whether or not he locked the door until he had checked. Dan's behavior is an example of A. A specific phobia B. Avoidant personality disorder C. Hypochondriasis D. Conversion disorder E. Obsessive-compulsive disorder
E. Obsessive-compulsive disorder
45) Client: "I've been feeling totally worthless, like I never do anything right." Therapist: "I guess you feel that way a lot, don't you? That you're no good. It's hard to have feelings like that." Which of the following types of therapy would be likely to involve the exchange above? A. Rational-emotive behavior therapy B. Gestalt therapy C. Psychoanalysis D. Systematic desensitization E. Person-centered therapy
E. Person-Centered therapy
48) Which of the following psychoactive drugs works by inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin? A. Xanax B. Valium C. Lithium carbonate D. Clozapine E. Prozac
E. Prozac
54) Dr. Williams is a therapist who believes that his client's depression is caused by internalized anger and other intrapsychic conflicts. Of which psychological perspective is Dr. Williams most likely a proponent? A. Biopsychological B. Evolutionary C. Humanistic D. Behavioral E. Psychoanalytic
E. Psychoanalytic
7) A moviegoer who cannot identify the name of a film star remembers the name when a friend reviews a list of stars. This incident illustrates which two concepts in human memory? A. Rehearsal and chunking B. The primacy effect and the recency effect C. Constructive and reconstructive memory D. The sensory register and short-term memory E. Recall and recognition
E. Recall and recognition
19) Gender typing is best described as A. The realization that gender is stable, regardless of superficial behaviors such as dress B. A preferential interest of a female child in the attention of the mother C. A child showing ambivalence toward both the mother and father D. Adolescents integrating social, sexual, intellectual, and ethical aspects into self indentity E. The acquisition of the roles associated with distinctions between male and female
E. The acquisition of the roles associated with distinctions between male and female.
49) A market researcher is interested in ascertaining which of two people packages is more likely to entice buyers to purchase a new brand of chocolate-chip cookie. In this study, which of the following pairs represents the independent and dependent variables, respectively? A. Another brand of cookie; the new brand of cookie B. The new brand of cookie; another brand of cookie C. The new brand of cookie; the two types of packaging D. Total sales for each of the packages; the different types of package E. The different types of packages;total sales for each of the packages
E. The different types of packages; total sales for each of the packages
