Psychology, Chapter 4
a minimal effect on one's thinking
Subliminal advertising is proven to have...
refused to cross because they perceived the depth and inherent danger of the fall
In Gibson and Walk's visual cliff experiment, young babies who were presented with a Plexiglas-covered drop-off _____.
the retina converts electromagnetic light waves into electronic stimuli
In phototransduction,
Cornea, pupil and then the lens
In which order does light enter the eye?
Sleep better and cry less
The Baby-Friendly Initiative from the World Health Organization encourages hospitals to provide babies with skin-to-skin contact with their mothers after birth. Researchers have found that this helps babies to...
directly proportional to its original intensity
Weber's Law states that the just noticeable difference of a stimulus is...
Neurons can't fire as fast as certain high-pitched sounds
What is the weakness found in the frequency theory of hearing?
Both rods and cones are located in the retina
What is true about rods and cones?
Sense of proprioception
When walking, what sense (by way of specialized neurons) is responsible for knowing where your feet are in comparison to your trunk...
When you place your hand on a hot stove, and the nerves in your hand send a message to the brain where the brain registers the stove as 'hot'
Which of the following is an example of transduction?
Sensation of earthiness and meatiness in a dinner
Which of the following senses is NOT part of the somatosensory system?
While riding on a train, you notice that the trees that are closer appear to go by faster than those in the distance
Which one of the following situations illustrates the motion parallax?
From pinna to eardrum to ossicles to cochlea to cilia
Which route shows how sound waves enter the ear and are processed?
Prefer sweet tastes, but can taste everything
With regards to taste, infants...
taste and smell
two senses that are closely related?
binocular depth cue
used to help our brain effectively read 3-d images
taste
A stuffy nose can impact a person's sense of...
We process colors as three sets of opponent colors: red/green, yellow/blue, and white/black
According to the opponent-process theory, how are colors processed?
cochlea
According to the place theory of hearing, our ears transmit information by firing neurons from different parts of the _____.
fovea
Eyesight in newborns is poor because of a lack of development in the...
how external stimuli affect us
Gustav Fechner's work in psychophysics involved exploring...
It is a layer of tissue that lines the inner part of the eye
How can the retina be best described?
The vacuum cleaner is 100 times louder than the conversation
How is a conversation that at 60 decibels different from an 80 decibel vacuum cleaner?
Hearing and smell
Infants recognize their mothers most directly through...
sensory adaptation
Lauren has lived near the airport for over three years. She used to be bothered by the sound of the airplanes landing and taking off, but now she does not even notice the noise. Lauren is experiencing...
convergence
Monocular depth cues include all of the following, EXCEPT _____.
Two years old
Most babies don't develop 20/20 vision until...
aerial perspective
Objects appearing fuzzier the further away they are is defined as _____.
a high frequency and a high pitch
Short sound waves are characterized by _____.
frequency theory of hearing
theory of hearing that asserts that the neurons of cilia will go off to match the frequency of the sound that enters the ear
10,000 odors, which is fewer than other mammals
The human nose can differentiate between approximately...
lens (of the eye)
this part of the eye focuses light; located directly behind the pupil
touch and proprioception
The senses that are part of the somatosensory system are...
pressure, hot, cold and pain
The skin has receptors that respond to...
retinal disparity
The slightly different images a person's two eyes send to the brain is known as _____.
savory
Umami is another word for...
Taste and smell
You expect the following senses to be DECREASED in an elderly person...
savory
You order the entrée 'umami chicken' at a restaurant. Therefore, the taste sensation you are expecting is...
opponent process theory
a vision theory that states that we process colors as 3 sets of opponent colors; this theory is support by after-images
sensation
ability to receive sensory information
perception
deals with your recognition and interpretation of sensory information
cochlea
fluid filled structures inside the ear that contain cilia
retina
lines the inside of the eye and is involved with turning light into an image; contains rods and cones
smell, hearing, taste and touch
newborn senses
aerial perspective
occurs when things that are in the distance seem to be foggy
eardrum
part of the ear that sits directly against the ossicles
1. pinna 2. eardrum 3. ossicles 4. cochlea 5. cilia
path of hearing- sound moves through the ear in this order:
rods and cones
photoreceptor neurons that process black, white and colors
ossicles
tiny bones inside the human ear
interposition
refers to a monocular depth cue that allows you to determine the relative closeness of two items based on how they overlap
proprioception
sense of your body's motion and position in space
cilia
small fibers that pick up vibrations and create nerve impulses that go to the auditory nerve to help transmit sound information to the brain
pupil
small opening that allows light to reach the lens of the eye; black part of your eye
1. light is focused through the lens and moves to the retina 2. in the retina, rods and cones convert light to electrical signals that can be read by the brain
steps in vision
iris
term for the colored section of the eyeball; it can contract or expend based on the amount of light around you
pinna
the cartilage in the outside of the ear; this is the first structure that the sound passes through when entering the ear
retinal disparity
the effect of having two slightly different images sent to the brain by our eyes; the brain blends this image to craft a 3-dimensional image
cornea
the outermost part of the human eyeball and the first part of the eye that light passes through
motion parallax
the perception that things that are closer to you are moving more quickly
