AP Psychology Review

Thalamus

the brain's sensory switchboard

Activation of the parasympathetic nervous system results in which of the following?

A decrease in heart rate

Which of the following would most likely result from an injury to the medulla?

A life-threatening disruption of heartbeat and breathing

Amygdala

A limbic system structure involved in memory and emotion, particularly fear and aggression.

Damage to the cerebellum would most likely result in which of the following problems?

A loss of motor coordination

Hypothalamus

A neural structure lying below the thalamus; helps govern drives.

Damage to which of the following brain structures may cause the inability to detect the emotional significance of facial expressions, especially those demonstrating fear?

Amygdala

Which of the following correctly pairs subdivisions within the major divisions of the human nervous system?

Autonomic . . sympathetic and parasympathetic

Which of the following parts of the brain is most active in decision-making?

Cerebral cortex

Which of the following allows the examination of living brain tissue visually without performing surgery?

Computerized axial tomography

A person with damage to Broca's area would most likely demonstrate which of the following symptoms?

Difficulty with speech production

Which of the following is reduced during a fight-or-flight reaction?

Digestion

Which of the following neurotransmitters has been linked to Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia?

Dopamine

Which of the following areas of the body has the largest number of sensory neurons?

Foot

Pons

Hindbrain structure involved in respiration, movement, waking, sleep, and dreaming

Which of the following is true of the reticular activating system?

It regulates levels of arousal.

Juana accidentally touched a hot iron. She immediately drew back her hand. Which of the following is true about the withdrawal of her hand?

It was initiated in the spinal cord.

Which of the following provides information regarding brain function by monitoring the brain at work through metabolism of glucose?

Positron emission tomography (PET)

Partietal Lobe

Receives information about touch, muscle movement and temperature.

Which of the following is the correct sequence of the neural chain of events set in motion by an environmental stimulus?

Receptors, afferent neurons, interneurons, efferent neurons, effectors

What hormone seems to be most closely linked with aggressive behavior?

Testosterone

Hunger and eating are primarily regulated by which of the following?

The hypothalamus

Which of the following occurs when a neuron is stimulated to its threshold?

The movements of sodium and potassium ions across the membrane creates an action potential.

Neurotransmitters are typically stored in which of the following parts of a neuron?

The terminal buttons

Medulla

a structure in the brain stem responsible for certain automatic functions, such as breathing and heart rate

Cerebellum

a structure in the hind brain involved in controlling coordination and balance and muscle movement

A drug that has the effect of intensifying or mimicking a particular neurotransmitter can be characterized as

an agonist, because it intensifies the effects of a particular neurotransmitter

An individual with damage to Wernicke's area is most likely to have difficulty

comprehending a spoken request for information

Hypothalamus

controls basic drives, like hunger

motor cortex

controls voluntary movements

Treating a patient for Parkinson's disease includes administering a chemical that will lead to increases in the patient's

dopamine

Painkilling substances produced by the brain are known as

endorphins

cerebral cortex

govern higher mental processes

temporal lobe

hearing, language processing, memory

recticular formation

helps screen incoming sensory information and helps control arousal.

The brain scans of people with amnesia are most likely to show damage to the

hippocampus

The part of the endocrine system that is responsible for overseeing and regulating the release of hormones across the entire body is the

hypothalamus

limbic system

involved in emotions, drives, and memory

The area of the brain stem that is important in controlling breathing is the

medulla

Hippocampus

part of the limbic system involved in learning and memory

samatosensory cortex

receives sensory messages

visual cortex

receives written words as visual stimulation

The process by which neurotransmitters are reabsorbed into the neuron after it fires is called

reuptake

An image projected to the left visual field of a split-brained person will be processed in the

right visual cortex

Ben was enjoying a walk in the woods on a beautiful Saturday afternoon. As he went around a curve, he noticed a bear walking toward him. Immediately his pupils dilated, he began to perspire, and his heart accelerated. These changes are most closely related to the function of the

sympathetic nervous system

Immediately after firing, a neuron is incapable of responding to stimulation. This condition is referred to as

the absolute refractory phase

The time shortly after a neuron fires is referred to as

the refractory period

Damage to a small part of the occipital lobe would most likely result in a

visual deficit

occiputal lobe

visual processing