Ap Psychology Unit 1
Researchers do not know which group had caffeine
double blind study
introspection, a research tool used by early psychologists, is a technique which involves
self examination of mental processes
A person displays a set of rare behaviors that psychologists had not know about previously, because nobody had ever shown them before. The best strategy to investigate the nature of those behaviors is
A case study
Research finds that, in general, the higher an incoming college student scores on a given test, the higher the student's college grade point average (GPA). Which of the following best describes this relationship?
A positive correlation
Which of the following characterizes a behavioral approach to psychology?
A study of how reinforcement affects learning
Which of the following studies is from an evolutionary perspective?
A study to see if women were more attracted to men who liked children than men who did not like children
A basic assumption underlying the evolutionary approach to sexual attraction is that men seek potential mates who
Appear fertile
Researchers have found a negative correlation between income and dental problems. What conclusion can correctly be drawn from this statement?
As income increases, the likelihood of dental problems decreases.
A double-blind control is essential for which of the following?
Assessment of a treatment designed to reduce schizophrenic symptoms.
Synesthesia is a phenomenon that has been estimated to occur in only a few people in a million. Because of its rarity, researchers are likely to choose which research method to study it?
Case study
Although Paul seems bright and capable to his parents and friends, he has been failing in school. Paul agrees to speak with a psychologists, who suggests that his problems stem from internal processes such as unrealistic expectations and negative thinking. The psychologists view is typical of which of the following models of behavior?
Cognitive
Which of the following would an industrial- organizational psychologist be least likely to study?
Corporate profitability
Which of the following scenarios is regulated by federal law?
Dr. Mast, a psychologist, has a client, Tim, who threatens to seriously harm his brother, Carl. Tim has a history of serious violence and the means to carry out the threat; therefore, Dr. Mast must inform Carl.
Drawing a random sample of people from a town for an interview study of social attitudes ensures that
Each person in the town has the same probability of being chosen for the study.
Which of the following research approaches would be best for testing the hypothesis that the presence of certain odors causes people to gamble more?
Experimental
The claim that a whole is different from the sum of its parts is central to which of the following schools of thought?
Gestalts psychology
There is a strong positive correlation between ice cream sales and instances of snakebites. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for this correlation?
Hot weather is related to both ice cream sales and snake activity.
Which of the following statements best describes the placebo effect?
It can be brought about by the individual's expectations.
In a normal distribution, which of the following statements is true about the area that falls between one standard deviation above and one standard deviation below?
It contains the middle 68% of the distribution
According to the ethical guidelines set by the American Psychological Association, which of the following is true of psychological research in which animals are used as subjects?
It should confirm to all the APA ethical guidelines for animal research.
Experimental research differs from correlation research in that experimental research
May reveal a casual relation
professor gonzalez is interested in evaluating the ability of a new method of note-taking to improve student grades. Group A is trained in the new method and group B uses the traditional outline method of taking notes. What is professor gonzalez independent variable?
Method of note taking
An illusionary correlation is best defined as
Perceiving a relationship between variables even when no such relationship exists.
Gestalt psychology is concerned primarily with understanding which of the following?
Perception
In studying the behavior of five year olds in free play situations, a cognitive psychologist would be most interested in the children's
Problem solving strategies
All of the following are American Psychological association ethical guidelines for researchers Expect:
Research may not involve deception
Which of the following studies demonstrates a cross sectional research design?
Testing first, third, and fifth graders at the beginning of the school year
Which of the following best describes the response of members of the American Psychological association to ethical issues in research?
They have developed codes of ethics for research with both human participants and animal subjects
A researcher randomly assigned boys and girls to each of two groups. One group watched a violent television program while the other group watched a nonviolent television program. The children were then observed during a period of free play, and the incidence of aggressive behavior was recorded for each group.
Type of television program viewed
In an experiment designed to determine whether watching violent scenes on television increases the frequency of aggressive behavior in children, one group of subjects saw a nonviolent cartoon and another group saw a violent cartoon. In the play period that followed the viewing of the cartoons, researchers observed the two groups of children together and counted instances of aggressive behavior. The control group in the experiment is the group that
Watched the nonviolent cartoon
When it is permissible for a psychologist to share a client's test scores with another person?
When the client provides written permission to share results
Ethical principles developed by the American psychological association help ensure that human participants in psychological research.
are protected from physical and psychological harm
According to Wihelm Wundt, the focus of scientific psychology should be the study of
conscious experience
Which procedure can reduce problems associated with the use of deception by a researcher?
debriefing
In an experiment to test the effects of hunger on aggression behavior, aggression behavior would be the
dependent variable
Introspection as practiced by early structuralists is best illustrated by which of the following behaviors?
describing one's immediate sensations while looking at a rose.
Of the following, a behavioral psychologist is most likely to study the
effects of token economies on establishing social skills among children with emotional disturbances
In a research study, informed consent is a concern of
ethics
A researcher randomly assigned boys and girls to each of two groups. One group watched a violent television program while the other group watched a nonviolent television program. The children were then observed during a period of free play, and the incidence of aggressive behavior was recorded for each group. This research method is best described as:
experimental
A researcher uses debriefing when he
explains the true purpose of a study immediately after the study is complete
Cognitive theorists emphasize the
formation and modification of schemas
An important difference between humanistic and psychoanalytic approaches is that humanistic psychologists believe in the importance of
free will
A researcher randomly assigned boys and girls to each of two groups. One group watched a violent television program while the other group watched a nonviolent television program. The children were then observed during a period of free play, and the incidence of aggressive behavior was recorded for each group. What it the dependent variable in this study?
incidence of aggressive behavior
A survey shows that children who have encyclopedias in their homes can earn better grades in school than children whose homes lack encyclopedias. The researcher concludes that having encyclopedias at home improve grades. This conclusion is erroneous primarily because the researcher has incorrectly
inferred causation and correlation
A study can be regarded as scientifically only if
its conclusions can be verified or refuted by subsequent studies
In which of the following types of research are the same children tested periodically at different points in their development?
longitudinal
Jane Goodall lived among wild chimpanzees intermittently for decades, studying their social and family systems while keeping her interaction with the chimpanzees to a minimum. Her research method can most accurately be described as
naturalistic observation
In psychology, Gestalt principles are used to explain
perceptual organization
In order to yield information that is generalizable to the population from which it was drawn, a sample must be
representative of the population
In developmental psychology, one advantage of cross sectional over longitudinal studies is that cross- sectional research
requires comparatively little time
students from a journalism class ask only their friends to participate in a school newspaper survey and neglect to ask the rest of the student body. the journalism students data may not be generalizable due to
sampling bias
Cognitive psychologists are most likely to study
the acquisition of knowledge, planning, and problem solving
Median
the middle score in a distribution; half the scores are above it and half are below it
Mode
the most frequently occurring score(s) in a distribution
