AP Psychology Unit 3 Exam
A participant in a study of music perception listens to music with electrodes attached to her scalp while data are collected on the activity of her brain. This technique is called (A) electroencephalography (EEG) (B) computed tomography (CT) (C) positron-emission tomography (PET) (D) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (E) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
electroencephalography (EEG)
Electrically stimulating a rat's amygdala would most likely produce which of the following? (A) Calmness (B) A coma (C) Memory loss (D) Aggression (E) Sleep
Agression
Which letter indicates the synaptic cleft? (A) A (B) B (C) C (D) D (E) E
D
Which of the following descriptions accurately represents area 2 of the graph? (A) The threshold, in which signals have reached critical intensity and allow the neuron to fire (B) The resting potential, in which the axon contains more negative ions (C) Hyperpolarization, in which positive ions have exited the axon (D) Repolarization, in which potassium ions exit the axon (E) Depolarization, in which sodium ions enter the axon
Depolarization, in which sodium ions enter the axon
The role of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is to (A) facilitate the body's fight-or-flight response (B) prepare the body to cope with stress (C) promote rapid cognitive processing (D) prompt the body to use its resources in responding to environmental stimuli (E) establish homeostasis after a fight-or-flight response
Establish homeostasis after a fight-or-flight response
Damage to Wernicke's area is most likely to be associated with difficulty in (A) tasting (B) hearing (C) seeing (D) understanding language (E) moving arms and legs
Understanding language
Information is relayed to the spinal cord or the brain by (A) afferent neurons (B) Schwann cells (C) T cells (D) efferent neurons (E) neuroglia
afferent neurons
Which of the following would most likely result from an injury to the medulla? (A) Visual problems that make spatial judgments difficult (B) Receptive aphasia that makes it difficult to understand what other people are saying (C) Retrograde amnesia that destroys previously established memories (D) A problem regulating hunger (E) A life-threatening disruption of heartbeat and breathing
A life threatening disruption of heartbeat and breathing
A person accidentally touches a hand to a hot stove and quickly pulls the hand away, even before sensory information about the hot stove reaches the brain. The person's reaction is most directly enabled by (A) the hypothalamus (B) the cerebellum (C) a spinal reflex (D) the hippocampus (E) the sensory cortex
A spinal reflex
Which of the following brain structures is most closely associated with Ted's fear response? (A) Medulla (B) Pons (C) Hippocampus (D) Amygdala (E) Angular gyrus
Amygdala
Which of the following correctly describes the firing of neurons? (A) A protoplasmic transfer of ions (B) A finely graded response (C) An all-or-none response (D) An osmotic process (E) A symbiotic function
An all-or-none response
Curare blocks action at acetylcholine synapses and causes paralysis. This drug is an example of an (A) antagonist (B) agonist (C) inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) (D) excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) (E) excitatory neurotransmitter
Antagonist
Which of the following correctly pairs subdivisions within the major divisions of the human nervous system? (A) Somatic . . endocrine and exocrine (B) Central . . somatic and sympathetic (C) Autonomic . . sympathetic and parasympathetic (D) Sympathetic . . parasympathetic and autonomic (E) Peripheral . . central nervous system and the spinal cord
Autonomic. . . sympathetic and parasympathetic
In the figure above, where does the neurotransmitter dopamine have its effect? (A) A (B) B (C) C (D) D (E) E
E
A person with a severe head injury subsequently acts irresponsibly, does not seem to be able to plan effectively, and is easy to anger. Which of the following brain areas is most likely injured? (A) Cerebellum (B) Hypothalamus (C) Parietal lobe (D) Frontal lobe (E) Corpus callosum
Frontal lobe
After a stroke, Jeff has noticed his memory for past events remains good, but it is very difficult for him to remember new events like what movie he just watched. It is most likely that Jeff suffered damage to which part of the brain? (A) Hypothalamus (B) Cerebellum (C) Sensory cortex (D) Wernicke's area (E) Hippocampus
Hippocampus
Brain lateralization refers to the (A) ability of the brain to process multisensory information (B) capacity of the brain to control basic motor movements (C) aptitude of the brain to produce speech (D) ability of the brain to control basic functions such as respiration and blood circulation (E) inclination for certain cognitive processes to be specialized to one hemisphere of the brain or the other
Inclination for certain cognitive processes to be specialized to one hemisphere of the brain or the other
George was involved in an accident and experienced head trauma. Although his eyes were functioning normally, he was unable to see. Which area of the brain was most likely affected by the accident? (A) The parietal lobe (B) The occipital lobe (C) The hippocampus (D) Wernicke's area (E) Broca's area
Occipital lobe
Which of the following provides information regarding brain function by monitoring the brain at work through metabolism of glucose? (A) Computed tomography (CT) (B) Electrooculography (EOG) (C) Electroencephalography (EEG) (D) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (E) Positron emission tomography (PET)
Positron emission tomography (PET)
Which of the following is the correct sequence of the neural chain of events set in motion by an environmental stimulus? (A) Receptors, afferent neurons, interneurons, efferent neurons, effectors (B) Receptors, efferent neurons, interneurons, afferent neurons, effectors (C) Interneurons, effectors, receptors, afferent neurons, efferent neurons (D) Effectors, interneurons, receptors, afferent neurons, efferent neurons (E) Effectors, receptors, afferent neurons, efferent neurons, interneurons
Receptors, afferent neurons, interneurons, efferent neurons,effectors
Significant damage to which of the following parts of the brain will most likely cause a person to fall into a deep coma from which the person will be unable to awaken? (A) Hypothalamus (B) Frontal lobe (C) Reticular formation (D) Amygdala (E) Thalamus
Reticular Formation
In the figure above, a patient has been asked to draw a slash through each circle. The pattern of responses suggests that the patient has most likely experienced damage in which of the following areas? (A) Left occipital lobe (B) Medulla (C) Cerebellum (D) Endocrine system (E) Right hemisphere
Right Hemisphere
An image projected to the left visual field of a split-brained person will be processed in the (A) left visual cortex (B) right visual cortex (C) right side of the left retina (D) left side of the right retina (E) sensory cortex
Right visual cortex
Ben was enjoying a walk in the woods on a beautiful Saturday afternoon. As he went around a curve, he noticed a bear walking toward him. Immediately his pupils dilated, he began to perspire, and his heart accelerated. These changes are most closely related to the function of the (A) angular gyrus (B) hippocampus (C) parasympathetic nervous system (D) sympathetic nervous system (E) ventricular system
Sympatic nervous system
Neurotransmitters are typically stored in which of the following parts of a neuron? (A) The nodes of Ranvier (B) The myelin sheath (C) The terminal buttons (D) The soma (E) The axon
Terminal buttons
What hormone seems to be most closely linked with aggressive behavior? (A) Estrogen (B) Testosterone (C) Melatonin (D) Insulin (E) Leptin
Testosterone
Which of the following is true of a neuron in the resting state? (A) The inside of the cell membrane is negative compared to the outside. (B) The outside of the cell membrane is negative compared to the inside. (C) The concentration of sodium ions is equal inside and outside of the cell membrane. (D) Both the sodium and the potassium channels are open. (E) The neuron is not polarized.
The inside of the cell membrane is negative compared to the outside
Which of the following occurs when a neuron is stimulated to its threshold? (A) The movements of sodium and potassium ions across the membrane creates an action potential. (B) The neuron hyperpolarizes. (C) Neurotransmitters are released from the dendrites. (D) The absolute refractory period of the neuron prevents it from responding. (E) The neuron's equilibrium potential is reached.
The movements of sodium and potassium ions across the membrane creates an action potential
A drug that has the effect of intensifying or mimicking a particular neurotransmitter can be characterized as (A) a hallucinogen, because it has the reverse effect of an agonist (B) an agonist, because it intensifies the effects of a particular neurotransmitter (C) an antagonist, because it intensifies the effects of a particular neurotransmitter (D) a reuptake inhibitor, because it increases activity of the central nervous system (E) a stimulant, because it increases activity of the central nervous system
an agonist, because it in itensifies the effects of a particular neurotransmitter
The part of the endocrine system that is responsible for overseeing and regulating the release of hormones across the entire body is the A. pancreas B. hypothalmus C. adrenal glands D. pineal gland E. thyroid
hypothalmus
The process by which neurotransmitters are reabsorbed into the neuron after it fires is called A. depolarization B. lateral inhibition C. long-term potentiation D. reuptake E. snyaptic transmission
reuptake
During neuronal firing, the part of the neuron that acts as an insulator and conductor to speed the electrical impulse as it travels down the axon is A. the terminal button B. the myelin sheath C. a dendrite D. the soma E. the synaptic cleft
the myelin sheath
The time shortly after a neuron fires is referred to as A. the latent stage B. the refractory period C. the reticular formation D. depolarization E. the neurotransmitter
the refractory period
