AP Psychology Unit 4 Review
place
After a small section of his basilar membrane was damaged, Jason experienced a noticeable loss of hearing for high-pitched sounds only. Jason's hearing loss is best explained by the ________ theory
signal detection theory
An exhausted forest ranger may notice the faintest scent of a forest fire, whereas much stronger but less important odors fail to catch her attention. This fact would be of greatest relevance to
perceptual set
As Maria and her little brother looked up at the clouds, he exclaimed, "That one looks like a giant dinosaur!" Maria thought it looked more like a giant duck. Which of the following concepts best explains their different interpretations of the same ambiguous stimuli?
Sensation
As you look at an apple, its reflected light travels to the eye. The rods and cones absorb the light and help transmit the information to the brain. This process best illustrates
objects are perceived to be the same color even if the light they reflect changes
Color constancy refers to the fact that
hair cells
Cones and rods are to vision as ________ are to audition
Young-Helmholtz
Evidence that some cones are especially sensitive to red light, others to green light, and still others to blue light is most directly supportive of the ________ theory.
opponent-process theory
Experiencing a green afterimage of a red object is most easily explained by
Weber's law
Giulio's bag of marbles is twice as heavy as Jim's. If it takes 5 extra marbles to make Jim's bag feel heavier, it will take 10 extra marbles to make Giulio's bag feel heavier. This best illustrates
inattentional blindness
In one experiment, most of the participants who viewed a videotape of men tossing a basketball remained unaware of an umbrella-toting woman sauntering across the screen. This illustrated
hue
Intensity is to brightness as wavelength is to
obstruct our view of distant objects
Interposition is a cue for depth perception in which closer objects
figure-ground
One of the ways we perceive images is by organizing stimuli into an object seen against its surroundings. What is this perceptual tendency called?
many apparent demonstrations of ESP have been shown to be staged illusions
Psychologists are skeptical about the existence of ESP because
linear perspective
The convergence of parallel lines provides the distance cue known as
Sensation 3
The detection and encoding of stimulus energies by the nervous system is called
top-down processing
The effect of prior experience and current expectations on perception best illustrates the importance of
context effects
The horizon Moon appears to shrink in size if it is viewed through a narrow tube that eliminates the perception of distance cues. This best illustrates the importance of
Transduction
The local fire department sounds the 12 o'clock whistle. The process by which your ears convert the sound waves from the siren into neural impulses is an example of
depth perception
The organization of two-dimensional retinal images into three-dimensional perceptions is called
Sensation 2
The process of receiving and representing stimulus energies through the nervous system is called
stroboscopic movement
The quick succession of briefly flashed images in a motion picture produces
rods and cones
The receptor cells that convert light energy into neural signals are called
cochlea
The retina is to the eye as the ________ is to the ear
Olfaction
The sense of smell is known as
parapsychology
The study of phenomena such as clairvoyance and telepathy is called
unconsciously processed information is unusually persuasive
Those who believe in the value of subliminal audiotapes would be wrong to claim that
rods are more light-sensitive than cones
Under very dim levels of illumination
retreating
We compute motion based on the assumption that shrinking objects are
difference thresholds 2
Weber's law is relevant to an understanding of
change blindness
When Jason briefly turned to summon the waiter, his wife quickly switched her glass of red wine with his glass of white wine. Jason's failure to notice that his chosen wine had been replaced best illustrates
umami
Which basic taste attracts us to protein-rich foods?
feature detectors
Which of the following types of cells are located in the brain's occipital lobe?
frequency theory
Which theory best explains how we perceive low-pitched sounds?
retinal disparity
A 3-D movie enhances our sense of depth perception by simulating the effects of
sensorineural hearing loss
A cochlear implant would be most helpful for those who suffer
organized whole
A gestalt is best described as a(n)
mental predisposition that influences what we perceive
A perceptual set is a
process by which the lens changes shape to focus images on the retina
Accommodation refers to the
conduction hearing loss
Damage to the hammer, anvil, and stirrup is most likely to cause
selective attention
Because she was listening to the news on the radio, Mrs. Schultz didn't perceive a word her husband was saying. Her experience best illustrates
detection; interpretation
Sensation is to ________ as perception is to ________.
diminishing sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus
Sensory adaptation refers to
difference thresholds
Some people are better than others at detecting slight variations in the tastes of various blends of coffee. This best illustrates the importance of
chemical
Taste and smell are both what kind of senses?
the misperception of distance
The Ames illusion involving two girls who are perceived as very different in size can best be explained in terms of
vestibular sense
The ability to detect whether your body is in a horizontal or vertical position depends most directly on
parallel processing
The ability to simultaneously recognize the color, shape, size, and speed of an oncoming automobile best illustrates
pupil
The adjustable opening in the center of the eye is the
Brightness
The amplitude of electromagnetic waves determines the ________ of light.
blind spot
The area of the retina where the optic nerve leaves the eye is called the
optic nerve
The axons of ganglion cells converge to form
cochlea 2
The basilar membrane is located in the
pain
The brain's release of endorphins reduces
spinal cord
The classic gate-control theory suggests that pain is experienced when small nerve fibers activate and open a neural gate in the