AP REVIEW

How much water does a ship weighing 1000 metric tons displaces? Select one: a. 1000 tons. b. >1000 tons. c. < 1000 tons.

A

Imagine you could observe the individual atoms that make up a piece of matter and that you observe the motion of the atoms becoming more orderly. What can you assume about the system? Select one: a. Its entropy is decreasing. b. Positive work is being done on the system. c. It is gaining thermal energy. d. Its entropy is increasing.

A

Entropy is closely related to the Select one: a. both of the above b. second law of thermodynamics. c. none of the above d. first law of thermodynamics.

B

Heat transfer by convection occurs when Select one: a. none of the above b. large numbers of atoms move from place to place. c. electrons bump into other electrons. d. atoms give off heat in the form of electromagnetic waves. e. electromagnetic waves travel from one place to another through a vacuum.

B

How is conservation of internal energy expressed for an isolated system? Select one: a. DV = 0, so PDV = 0 and W = 0; therefore, DU = Q b. Q = W = 0, so DU = 0 and Umc016-1.jpg = Umc016-2.jpg c. DT = 0, so DU = 0; therefore, DU = Q - W = 0, or Q = W d. Q = 0, so DU = -W

B

A good absorber of radiation is Select one: a. none of the above b. a poor emitter of radiation. c. a good emitter of radiation. d. a good reflector.

C

Global warming by the greenhouse effect mostly results from the fact that an atmosphere with excess carbon dioxide is less transparent to Select one: a. solar radiation. b. Neither of the above. c. terrestrial radiation.

C

Newton's law of cooling says that the rate of cooling depends on Select one: a. all of the above b. the specific heat capacity of an object. c. the temperature difference between an object and its surroundings. d. the volume of an object. e. the mass of an object.

C

Systems that are left alone tend to move toward a state of Select one: a. less entropy. b. no entropy. c. more entropy.

C

The gauge pressure on a mass at the bottom of a water tank filled to a height h and diameter d is P. What is the gauge pressure at the bottom of the tank if it is filled to a height of 3h and the diameter expands to 2d? Select one: a. P b. 2/3 P c. 3 P d. 3/2 P e. 2 P

C

Which of the following is proportional to the kinetic energy of atoms and molecules? Select one: a. potential energy b. elastic energy c. temperature d. thermal equilibrium

C

A piece of metal will feel colder than a piece of wood at the same temperature. Why? Select one: a. Wood, in general, is a poor insulator. b. Metals, in general, have a higher specific heat capacity than wood. c. Metal atoms are moving more slowly, on the average, than wood atoms. d. Metals, in general, are good heat conductors. e. Metals are colder than wood.

D

An ideal gas system undergoes an adiabatic process in which it expands and does 20 J of work on its environment. How much energy is transferred to the system as heat? Select one: a. 20 J b. -20 J c. 5 J d. 0 J

D

An ideal gas system undergoes an adiabatic process in which it expands and does 20 J of work on its environment. What is the change in the system's internal energy? Select one: a. 20 J b. 0 J c. -5 J d. -20 J

D

Energy transfer as heat between two objects depends on which of the following? Select one: a. The difference in composition of the two objects. b. The difference in volume of the two objects. c. The difference in mass of the two objects. d. The difference in temperature of the two objects.

D

How is conservation of internal energy expressed for a system during an adiabatic process? Select one: a. Q = W = 0, so DU = 0 and Umc013-1.jpg = Umc013-2.jpg b. DV = 0, so PDV = 0 and W = 0; therefore, DU = Q c. DT = 0, so DU = 0; therefore, DU = Q - W = 0, or Q = W d. Q = 0, so DU = -W

D

If the thermal conductivity of a material through which heat is transferred is increased by a factor of 4, then the rate of heat transfer would Select one: a. decrease by 4x b. double c. stay the same d. quadruple e. half

D

The reason you can hold your fingers beside a candle flame without getting hurt is that Select one: a. hot air rises. b. air convects heat well. c. hot-air convection currents travel upward. d. all of the above e. air is a poor heat conductor.

D

Two cubes have the same density. If each edge of cube A is 1 cm long and that of cube B is 2 cm long, how does the mass of cube B compare to the mass of cube A?Select one: a. Cube B has 2 times the mass of cube A b. Cube B has a smaller mass than that of cube A c. Cube B has the same mass of cube A d. Cube B has 8 times the mass of cube A e. Cub Cube B has 4 times the mass of cube A

D

Which of the following best describes the relationship between two systems in thermal equilibrium? Select one: a. The velocity is zero. b. The masses are equal. c. The volumes are equal. d. No net energy is exchanged.

D

A neutrally buoyant mass Select one: a. displaces its own weight. b. None of these. c. has the same density as the fluid. d. displaces its own volume. e. All of these

E

Heat transfer by conduction in metals occurs when Select one: a. atoms give off heat in the form of electromagnetic waves. b. electromagnetic waves travel from one place to another through a vacuum. c. large numbers of atoms move from place to place. d. none of the above e. electrons bump into atoms and other electrons.

E

Plastic foam is a good heat Select one: a. conductor. b. radiator. c. emitter. d. absorber. e. insulator.

E

The buoyant force on a mass sinking in a fluid of uniform density Select one: a. increases directly proportional to depth. b. decreases inversely proportional to depth. c. decreases directly proportional to depth. d. increases inversely proportional to depth. e. is independent of depth

E