AP US 2 History Final!!
"We believe that the Negro should adopt every means to protect himself against barbarous practices inflicted upon him because of color. "We believe in the freedom of Africa for the Negro people of the world, and by the principle of Europe for the Europeans and Asia for the Asiatics, we also demand Africa for the Africans at home and abroad.... "We strongly condemn the cupidity of those nations of the world who, by open aggression or secret schemes, have seized the territories and inexhaustible natural wealth of Africa, and we place on record our most solemn determination to reclaim the treasures and possessions of the vast continent of our forefathers." Be able to identify what groups gave the most significant support for the ideas expressed in Garvey's declaration.
Participants in the Great Migration
"The reason why we find ourselves in a position of impotency is not because our only powerful potential enemy has sent men to invade our shores...but rather because of the traitorous actions of those who have been treated so well by this Nation. It has not been the less fortunate, or members of minority groups who have been traitorous to this Nation, but rather those who have had the benefits that the wealthiest Nation on earth has had to offer...the finest homes, the finest college education, and the finest jobs in government we can give. This is glaringly true in the State Department. There the bright young men who are born with silver spoons in their mouths are the ones who have been most traitorous." Political climate during McCarthy's era had the most in common with what other period?
The attacks on migrants and immigrants following the first world war
"We are the people of this generation, bred in at least modest comfort, housed now in universities, looking uncomfortably to the world we inherit. "When we were kids, the United States was the wealthiest and strongest country in the world; the only one with the atom bomb, the least scarred by modern war, an initiator of the United Nations.... "As we grew, however, our comfort was penetrated by events too troubling to dismiss.... "The conventional moral terms of the age, the politician moralities - 'free world,' 'people's democracies' reflect realities poorly, if at all, and seem to function more as ruling myths than as descriptive principles.... "The bridge to political power, though, will be built through genuine cooperation, locally, nationally, and internationally, between a new left of young people, and an awakening community of allies." Be able to identify what post 1945 development contributed most strongly to the discomfort that members of Students for a Democratic Society felt.
The disillusionment with United States domestic values and Cold War events.
which of the following US actions after World War II reflects a continuation of concerns in the image (people behind flag image)
suppressing dissent through measures such as loyalty oaths
"The central task of the New Deal...might be either social reform in a restored economy or political stabilization in a disintegrating society, or, most likely and most urgently, economic recovery itself....In fact, these three purposes - social reform, political realignment, and economic recovery - flowed and counterflowed throughout the entire history of the New Deal....Perhaps precisely because the economic crisis of the Great Depression was so severe and so durable, Roosevelt would have an unmatched opportunity to effect major social reforms and to change the very landscape of American politics." Which of the following historical evidence could best be used to support Kennedy's argument in the excerpt?
(A) The passage of legislation providing unemployment insurance
"American women are learning how to put planes and tanks together, how to read blueprints, how to weld and rivet and make the machinery of war production hum under skillful eyes and hands. But they're also learning how to look smart in overalls and how to be glamorous after work. They are learning to fulfill both the useful and the beautiful ideal." By the 1950s which of the following most contributed to the continuation of the "beautiful ideal" for women? (A) The anxieties caused by the Cold War (B) The rise of suburban housing developments (C) The increased educational opportunities for both sexes (D) The shift from a manufacturing to a service economy
(B) The rise of suburban housing developments
"[G]ranting all their mistakes, the radical governments were by far the most democratic the South had ever known. They were the only governments in southern history to extend to Negroes complete civil and political equality, and to try to protect them in the enjoyment of the rights they were granted."— Kenneth M. Stampp, historian, The Era of Reconstruction, 1865-1877, published in 1965 Which of the following contributed most directly to the end of Reconstruction? (A) The political struggles to pass the Thirteenth Amendment (B) The waning commitment to reform in the North (C) The distribution of patronage jobs by Republican politicians (D) The growing influence of the federal government over the states
(B) The waning commitment to reform in the North//The declining commitment to reform in the North
"The central task of the New Deal...might be either social reform in a restored economy or political stabilization in a disintegrating society, or, most likely and most urgently, economic recovery itself....In fact, these three purposes - social reform, political realignment, and economic recovery - flowed and counterflowed throughout the entire history of the New Deal....Perhaps precisely because the economic crisis of the Great Depression was so severe and so durable, Roosevelt would have an unmatched opportunity to effect major social reforms and to change the very landscape of American politics." Which of the following most strongly sought to limit the scope of New Deal actions described in the excerpt?
(C) Conservatives in Congress and on the Supreme Court
"The central task of the New Deal...might be either social reform in a restored economy or political stabilization in a disintegrating society, or, most likely and most urgently, economic recovery itself....In fact, these three purposes - social reform, political realignment, and economic recovery - flowed and counterflowed throughout the entire history of the New Deal....Perhaps precisely because the economic crisis of the Great Depression was so severe and so durable, Roosevelt would have an unmatched opportunity to effect major social reforms and to change the very landscape of American politics." The New Deal drew most directly on which of the following earlier sets of ideas?
(C) Progressivism
"[G]ranting all their mistakes, the radical governments were by far the most democratic the South had ever known. They were the only governments in southern history to extend to Negroes complete civil and political equality, and to try to protect them in the enjoyment of the rights they were granted."— Kenneth M. Stampp, historian, The Era of Reconstruction, 1865-1877, published in 1965 Which of the following provides the best evidence in support of the argument in the excerpt? (A) Political corruption in Southern state governments (B) The emergence of the sharecropping system during Reconstruction (C) Divisions within the women's movement over the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments (D) Changes in voting patterns and office holding that occurred during Reconstruction
(D) Changes in voting patterns and office holding that occurred during Reconstruction
"American women are learning how to put planes and tanks together, how to read blueprints, how to weld and rivet and make the machinery of war production hum under skillful eyes and hands. But they're also learning how to look smart in overalls and how to be glamorous after work. They are learning to fulfill both the useful and the beautiful ideal." The excerpt best serves as evidence of which of the following trends during the 1940s? (A) Women's widespread support for an equal rights amendment (B) Growing challenges to civil liberties (C) New technological and scientific advances (D) Enhanced opportunities for women
(D) Enhanced opportunities for women
"American women are learning how to put planes and tanks together, how to read blueprints, how to weld and rivet and make the machinery of war production hum under skillful eyes and hands. But they're also learning how to look smart in overalls and how to be glamorous after work. They are learning to fulfill both the useful and the beautiful ideal." The excerpt was most likely intended to do which of the following? (A) Address the need to contain the Soviet Union through military action (B) Dispel concerns about wartime cooperation between industry and the government (C) Raise questions about the role of the United States in the world (D) Reduce anxieties about wartime mobilization on the home front
(D) Reduce anxieties about wartime mobilization on the home front
"[G]ranting all their mistakes, the radical governments were by far the most democratic the South had ever known. They were the only governments in southern history to extend to Negroes complete civil and political equality, and to try to protect them in the enjoyment of the rights they were granted."— Kenneth M. Stampp, historian, The Era of Reconstruction, 1865-1877, published in 1965 Which of the following later historical developments is most similar to the actions of the governments described in the excerpt? (A) The United States Supreme Court decision in Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896 (B) The passage of immigration legislation during the 1920s (C) The creation of New Deal job programs in the 1930s (D) The desegregation of the United States military in 1948
(D) The desegregation of the United States military in 1948
"The central task of the New Deal...might be either social reform in a restored economy or political stabilization in a disintegrating society, or, most likely and most urgently, economic recovery itself....In fact, these three purposes - social reform, political realignment, and economic recovery - flowed and counterflowed throughout the entire history of the New Deal....Perhaps precisely because the economic crisis of the Great Depression was so severe and so durable, Roosevelt would have an unmatched opportunity to effect major social reforms and to change the very landscape of American politics." The "political realignment" described in the excerpt contributed most directly to the
(D) greater identification of working-class communities with the Democratic Party
"What began as a protest movement is being challenged to translate itself into a political movement. It is now concerned not merely with removing the barriers to full opportunity but with achieving the fact of equality. From sit-ins and freedom rides we have gone into rent strikes, boycotts, community organization, and political action. As a consequence of this natural evolution, the Negro today finds himself stymied by obstacles of far greater magnitude than the legal barriers he was attacking before: automation, urban decay, de facto school segregation." The activism describing the exit most directly help inspire renewed social and political activism by
American Indians
"The reason why we find ourselves in a position of impotency is not because our only powerful potential enemy has sent men to invade our shores...but rather because of the traitorous actions of those who have been treated so well by this Nation. It has not been the less fortunate, or members of minority groups who have been traitorous to this Nation, but rather those who have had the benefits that the wealthiest Nation on earth has had to offer...the finest homes, the finest college education, and the finest jobs in government we can give. This is glaringly true in the State Department. There the bright young men who are born with silver spoons in their mouths are the ones who have been most traitorous." Be able to identify what McCarthy's accusations in the excerpt best reflect.
Anxiety about Soviet influence home and abroad.
The cartoon suggests that groups that favored the People's (Populist) Party typically shared what views?
Belief in a stronger federal government role in the United States economic system
"Americans faced an overwhelming task after the Civil War and emancipation: how to understand the tangled relationship between two profound ideas - healing and justice....[T]hese two aims never developed in historical balance. One might conclude that this imbalance between outcomes of sectional healing and racial justice was simply America's inevitable historical condition.... But theories of inevitability...are rarely satisfying.... The sectional reunion after so horrible a civil war was a political triumph by the late nineteenth century, but it could not have been achieved without the resubjugation of many of those people whom the war had freed from centuries of bondage. This is the tragedy lingering on the margins and infesting the heart of American history from Appomattox to World War I." Be able to identify what best explains the reason for reconciliation described by Blight.
Efforts to change southern racial attitudes and culture ultimately failed because of the South's determined resistance and the North's waning resolve
The concerns expressed in the image contributed most directly to (people behind flag image)
Government repression of radicals
"What began as a protest movement is being challenged to translate itself into a political movement. It is now concerned not merely with removing the barriers to full opportunity but with achieving the fact of equality. From sit-ins and freedom rides we have gone into rent strikes, boycotts, community organization, and political action. As a consequence of this natural evolution, the Negro today finds himself stymied by obstacles of far greater magnitude than the legal barriers he was attacking before: automation, urban decay, de facto school segregation." Statistics on which of the following could best be used to support the argument made in the excerpt
Incomes of African-Americans as compared to those of white people by year
"What began as a protest movement is being challenged to translate itself into a political movement. It is now concerned not merely with removing the barriers to full opportunity but with achieving the fact of equality. From sit-ins and freedom rides we have gone into rent strikes, boycotts, community organization, and political action. As a consequence of this natural evolution, the Negro today finds himself stymied by obstacles of far greater magnitude than the legal barriers he was attacking before: automation, urban decay, de facto school segregation." The civil rights movement shift in focus describing the expert directly contributed to
Increased divisions among activist over strategies and goals
"There remains, then, only one mode of using great fortunes; but in this we have the true antidote for the temporary unequal distribution of wealth, the reconciliation of the rich and the poor - a reign of harmony.... Under its sway we shall have an ideal state, in which the surplus wealth of the few will become, in the best sense, the property of the many, because administered for the common good, and this wealth, passing through the hands of the few, can be made a much more potent force for the elevation of our race than if it had been distributed in small sums gathered by some of their fellow-citizens and spent for public purposes, from which the masses reap the principal benefit, are more valuable to them than if scattered among them through the course of many years of trifling amounts." Which policies would Carnegie most likely have supported?
Laissez-faire economics
"We believe that the Negro should adopt every means to protect himself against barbarous practices inflicted upon him because of color. "We believe in the freedom of Africa for the Negro people of the world, and by the principle of Europe for the Europeans and Asia for the Asiatics, we also demand Africa for the Africans at home and abroad.... "We strongly condemn the cupidity of those nations of the world who, by open aggression or secret schemes, have seized the territories and inexhaustible natural wealth of Africa, and we place on record our most solemn determination to reclaim the treasures and possessions of the vast continent of our forefathers." Be able to identify what later movement held ideas closest to those expressed by Garvey in the excerpt.
Malcom X's Black nationalism emphasizing racial pride and economic self-sufficiency
"The reason why we find ourselves in a position of impotency is not because our only powerful potential enemy has sent men to invade our shores...but rather because of the traitorous actions of those who have been treated so well by this Nation. It has not been the less fortunate, or members of minority groups who have been traitorous to this Nation, but rather those who have had the benefits that the wealthiest Nation on earth has had to offer...the finest homes, the finest college education, and the finest jobs in government we can give. This is glaringly true in the State Department. There the bright young men who are born with silver spoons in their mouths are the ones who have been most traitorous." The claims McCarthy made in the speech heightened debates over which of the following issues? A. policies and methods to root out possible communists within the US B. the emergence of a military-industrial complex in the US C. the expansion of the US nuclear arsenal D. US intervention in the Korean War
Policies and methods to root out possible communists within the US
Be able to identify what group would most likely support the Populist Party.
Sharecroppers
"Americans faced an overwhelming task after the Civil War and emancipation: how to understand the tangled relationship between two profound ideas - healing and justice....[T]hese two aims never developed in historical balance. One might conclude that this imbalance between outcomes of sectional healing and racial justice was simply America's inevitable historical condition.... But theories of inevitability...are rarely satisfying.... The sectional reunion after so horrible a civil war was a political triumph by the late nineteenth century, but it could not have been achieved without the resubjugation of many of those people whom the war had freed from centuries of bondage. This is the tragedy lingering on the margins and infesting the heart of American history from Appomattox to World War I." What policy or practice most directly supports Blight's argument in the excerpt?
Supreme Court decision in Plessy v Ferguson
The Populist Part emerged most directly in response to what late 19th century trend?
The growth of corporate power in agriculture and the economy.
"We are the people of this generation, bred in at least modest comfort, housed now in universities, looking uncomfortably to the world we inherit. "When we were kids, the United States was the wealthiest and strongest country in the world; the only one with the atom bomb, the least scarred by modern war, an initiator of the United Nations.... "As we grew, however, our comfort was penetrated by events too troubling to dismiss.... "The conventional moral terms of the age, the politician moralities - 'free world,' 'people's democracies' reflect realities poorly, if at all, and seem to function more as ruling myths than as descriptive principles.... "The bridge to political power, though, will be built through genuine cooperation, locally, nationally, and internationally, between a new left of young people, and an awakening community of allies." Be able to identify what SDS best exemplified.
The emergence of radical groups claiming that liberals were doing too little to address racial and economic inequality
"Americans faced an overwhelming task after the Civil War and emancipation: how to understand the tangled relationship between two profound ideas - healing and justice....[T]hese two aims never developed in historical balance. One might conclude that this imbalance between outcomes of sectional healing and racial justice was simply America's inevitable historical condition.... But theories of inevitability...are rarely satisfying.... The sectional reunion after so horrible a civil war was a political triumph by the late nineteenth century, but it could not have been achieved without the resubjugation of many of those people whom the war had freed from centuries of bondage. This is the tragedy lingering on the margins and infesting the heart of American history from Appomattox to World War I." Be able to identify what best characterizes the sectional reunion that Blight describes
The federal government removed troops from the South and eliminated aid for former slaves
"What began as a protest movement is being challenged to translate itself into a political movement. It is now concerned not merely with removing the barriers to full opportunity but with achieving the fact of equality. From sit-ins and freedom rides we have gone into rent strikes, boycotts, community organization, and political action. As a consequence of this natural evolution, the Negro today finds himself stymied by obstacles of far greater magnitude than the legal barriers he was attacking before: automation, urban decay, de facto school segregation." The excerpt was written most directly in response to which of the following
The success of civil rights movement in achieving legal and legislative victories
"We are the people of this generation, bred in at least modest comfort, housed now in universities, looking uncomfortably to the world we inherit. "When we were kids, the United States was the wealthiest and strongest country in the world; the only one with the atom bomb, the least scarred by modern war, an initiator of the United Nations.... "As we grew, however, our comfort was penetrated by events too troubling to dismiss.... "The conventional moral terms of the age, the politician moralities - 'free world,' 'people's democracies' reflect realities poorly, if at all, and seem to function more as ruling myths than as descriptive principles.... "The bridge to political power, though, will be built through genuine cooperation, locally, nationally, and internationally, between a new left of young people, and an awakening community of allies." What did SDS have most in common with the youth counterculture of the 1960s?
a rejection of many of the values of their parents' generation
"There remains, then, only one mode of using great fortunes; but in this we have the true antidote for the temporary unequal distribution of wealth, the reconciliation of the rich and the poor - a reign of harmony.... Under its sway we shall have an ideal state, in which the surplus wealth of the few will become, in the best sense, the property of the many, because administered for the common good, and this wealth, passing through the hands of the few, can be made a much more potent force for the elevation of our race than if it had been distributed in small sums gathered by some of their fellow-citizens and spent for public purposes, from which the masses reap the principal benefit, are more valuable to them than if scattered among them through the course of many years of trifling amounts." The "temporary unequal distribution of wealth" that Carnegie refers to in the excerpt resulted most directly from the
consolidation of corporations into trusts and holding companies
The situation depicted in the cartoon came into existence as a result of the pursuit of what policy goals?
containment of communism
problems associated w the conditions depicted in the image most directly led to
demand for increased federal regulations for industry
The sentiments expressed in the image helped promote Congress to do what in the 1920s (people behind flag image)
establishing restrictive immigration quotas
"Americans faced an overwhelming task after the Civil War and emancipation: how to understand the tangled relationship between two profound ideas - healing and justice....[T]hese two aims never developed in historical balance. One might conclude that this imbalance between outcomes of sectional healing and racial justice was simply America's inevitable historical condition.... But theories of inevitability...are rarely satisfying.... The sectional reunion after so horrible a civil war was a political triumph by the late nineteenth century, but it could not have been achieved without the resubjugation of many of those people whom the war had freed from centuries of bondage. This is the tragedy lingering on the margins and infesting the heart of American history from Appomattox to World War I." What was one key change immediately following the Civil War aimed at achieving the racial injustice that Blight described in the excerpt?
establishment of a constitutional basis for citizenship and voting rights
What viewpoint did the cartoonist most likely support about the Populist Party?
government policies favoring corporations
What was the cartoon primarily a response too?
growing debate over the vietnam war
which were most likely to have led organized opposition to the practices in the image
middle class women
"We believe that the Negro should adopt every means to protect himself against barbarous practices inflicted upon him because of color. "We believe in the freedom of Africa for the Negro people of the world, and by the principle of Europe for the Europeans and Asia for the Asiatics, we also demand Africa for the Africans at home and abroad.... "We strongly condemn the cupidity of those nations of the world who, by open aggression or secret schemes, have seized the territories and inexhaustible natural wealth of Africa, and we place on record our most solemn determination to reclaim the treasures and possessions of the vast continent of our forefathers." What most possibly influenced Garvey's argument in the excerpt?
the concept of self-determination debated at the treaty of versailles peace talks.
