AP US Chapter 27
America's initial Open Door policy was essentially an argument for a. free trade. b. spheres of influence. c. military occupation. d. exclusive trade concessions. e. the principle of self-determination.
a
As to whether American laws applied to the territory acquired in the Spanish-American War, the Supreme Court decided that a. American laws did not necessarily apply. b. the United States Congress had no voice in the matter. c. federal but not state laws applied. d. only tariff laws could be forced. e. only the Bill of Rights applied.
a
Construction of an isthmian canal was motivated mainly by a. a desire to improve the defense of the United States. b. the Panamanian Revolution. c. continued volcanic activity in Nicaragua. d. the British rejection of the Hay-Pauncefote Treaty. e. American economic interests in Central America.
a
During the boundary dispute between Venezuela and Britain, the United States a. supported the Venezuelan claim. b. failed to invoke the Monroe Doctrine. c. never threatened war over the issue. d. opposed American intervention. e. "twisted the [British] lion's tail."
a
During the building of the Panama Canal, all of the following difficulties were encountered except a. guerrilla warfare waged by Panamanian rebels against the United States. b. labor troubles. c. landslides. d. poor sanitation. e. yellow fever.
a
In 1904, the Russo-Japanese War started because a. Russia seemed ready to take control of Chinese Manchuria. b. the United States refused to force Russia from Sakhalin Island. c. Russia had forced Japan from China. d. Russia feared growing Japanese power in the Pacific. e. of racial tensions between Russians and Japanese.
a
Many Americans became concerned about the increasing foreign intervention in China because they a. feared that Chinese markets would be monopolized by European manufacturers and exporters. b. wanted exclusive trade rights with the Chinese. c. feared German military domination of China. d. believed it undermined Chinese sovereignty. e. none of the above.
a
Once the Boxer uprising ended, a. China was spared further partition by foreign powers. b. the Open Door policy was abandoned. c. the United States became China's most dangerous enemy. d. China gained more respect from foreign powers. e. China welcomed foreign economic investment.
a
One reason that the British submitted their border dispute with Venezuela to arbitration was a. their growing tensions with Germany made settlement seem wise. b. to see the Monroe Doctrine ruled invalid in a world court. c. to maintain their policy of isolation. d. to break the ties between Spain and its South American colonies. e. that they recognized America's growing domination of Latin America.
a
Teddy Roosevelt's role in the Panamanian Revolution involved a. using American naval forces to block Colombian troops from crossing the isthmus and crushing the revolt. b. ordering an economic embargo of Colombia. c. remaining perfectly neutral. d. sending in American ground troops. e. funding the Panamanian rebels.
a
The Teller Amendment a. guaranteed the independence of Cuba. b. made Cuba an American possession. c. directed President McKinley to order American troops into Cuba. d. appropriated funds to combat yellow fever in Cuba. e. granted the U.S. a base at Guantanamo Bay.
a
The United States declared war on Spain even though the Spanish had already agreed to a. sign an armistice with the Cuban rebels. b. accept Cuban independence. c. transfer Cuba to American possession. d. apologize for the sinking of the Maine. e. accept international arbitration of the conflict.
a
The United States gained a perpetual lease on the Panama Canal Zone in the a. HayBunauVarilla Treaty. b. HayPauncefote Treaty. c. ClaytonBulwer Treaty
a
The question of the annexation of ______ touched off the first major imperialistic debate in American History. a. Hawaii b. Cuba c. the Philippines d. Puerto Rico e. the Virgin Islands.
a
When the United States captured the Philippines from Spain, a. Hawaii was annexed by the United States. b. America granted the Philippines its independence. c. Spain asked for an end to the SpanishAmerican War. d. Filipinos were granted American citizenship. e. they did so without Filipino assistance.
a
A major weakness of Spain in the SpanishAmerican War was a. the lack of support from its European allies. b. the wretched condition of its navy. c. its very small army in Cuba. d. its unpreparedness to fight in a tropical climate. e. its inability to wage guerilla war.
b
American imperialists who advocated acquisition of the Philippines especially stressed a. their strategic advantage for American naval operations. b. their economic potential for American trading profits. c. the opportunity that they presented for Christian missionary work. d. the Filipinos' preference that their archipelago become an American protectorate. e. their potential as a base for intervention in China.
b
Americans favored providing aid to the Cuban revolutionaries for all of the following reasons except a. outrage at the Spanish use of reconcentration camps. b. anger at Spain's destruction of the sugar cane and sugar mills. c. fear that Spanish misrule in Cuba menaced the shipping routes to the West Indies. d. sympathy for patriots fighting for their freedom. e. the atrocity stories reported in the "yellow press."
b
As a result of the Russo-Japanese War, a. Japan received a large financial indemnity from Russia. b. Japan won a territorial concession on Sakhalin Island. c. U.S. relations with Japan improved. d. U.S. relations with Russia improved. e. Russia became a major power in East Asia.
b
As president, Teddy Roosevelt was a. considered a liberal. b. willing to compromise. c. not an opportunist. d. unwilling to work with party bosses. e. a weak administrator.
b
During the Spanish-American War, the entire Spanish fleet was destroyed at the Battle of a. Havana. b. Santiago. c. Guantanamo. d. Samoa. e. Manila Bay.
b
In 1899, an insurrection began in the Philippines because a. Spanish citizens living there tried to regain political control. b. the United States refused to give the Filipino people their freedom. c. Communist insurgents attempted to seize control of the islands. d. the United States refused to promote the economic and social development of the Filipino people. e. American missionaries tried to convert Catholic Filipinos to Protestantism.
b
In the 1900 presidential election, the Democratic party and its candidate, William Jennings Bryan, insisted that _____ was the "paramount issue" of the campaign. a. tariff protection b. imperialism c. free silver d. social reform e. national defense
b
In the Root-Takahira agreement of 1908, a. the Japanese government agreed to limit the number of Japanese immigrant laborers entering the United States. b. the United States and Japan agreed to respect each other's territorial holdings in the Pacific. c. the United States agreed to accept a Japanese sphere of influence in China. d. the Japanese agreed to accept the segregation of Japanese children in California schools in return for the United States' recognition of Japanese control of Korea. e. Japan agreed to accept U.S. control of the Philippines in exchange for Japanese domination of Manchuria.
b
Teddy Roosevelt received the Republican vicepresidential nomination in 1900 mainly because a. his progressivism balanced McKinley's conservatism. b. the nomination would remove him from the governorship of New York. c. his presence on the ticket would appeal to western voters. d. Mark Hanna supported his candidacy. e. his personal warmth balanced McKinley's aloofness.
b
The 1889 PanAmerican Conference resulted in a. settlement of the Venezuela boundary dispute. b. the lowering of tariff barriers between participating nations. c. arbitration of the Pribilof Island dispute. d. worsened relations between the United States and Latin American countries. e. creation of the Organization of American States.
b
The Philippine nationalist who led the insurrection against both Spanish rule and United States occupation was a. Valeriano Weyler. b. Emilio Aguinaldo. c. Dupuy de Lóme. d. Pasqual de Cervera. e. Ramon Macapagal.
b
The United States gained a virtual right of intervention in Cuba in the a. insular cases. b. Platt Amendment. c. Teller Amendment. d. Foraker Act. e. Guantanamo Bay Treaty.
b
The alternative route to Panama seriously considered as the location for a canal between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans was a. Colombia. b. Nicaragua. c. British Honduras. d. Mexico. e. Costa Rica.
b
The battleship Maine was sent to Cuba to a. start a war with Spain. b. protect and evacuate American citizens. c. show U.S. support for Spain. d. stop rioting by the Spanish. e. demonstrate American power to Spain.
b
The battleship Maine was sunk by a. the Spanish. b an explosion on the ship. c. Cuban rebels. d. reporters working for William Randolph Hearst. e. a mine planted by proCuban Americans.
b
Theodore Roosevelt defended his building of the Panama Canal by claiming that a. other Latin American nations had requested his help. b. he had received a "mandate from civilization." c. the canal would strengthen ties with Latin America. d. Britain would have built the canal had the United States not taken the initiative. e. it would enhance economic development on the West Coast.
b
U.S. naval captain Alfred Thayer Mahan argued that a. free trade was essential to a nation's economic health. b. control of the sea was the key to the United States' world domination. c. the United States should continue its policy of isolationism. d. an isthmian canal between the Atlantic and the Pacific was impossible. e. the U.S. should construct a fleet of battleships.
b
A group of historians known as the "New Left" revisionists argues that the United States introduced a new style of foreign policy that a. was motivated by naive idealism. b. emphasized understanding the international context of events. c. shunned foreign territorial possession but sought economic dominance of foreign markets and investments. d. sought to build a colonial empire.
c
American involvement in the affairs of Latin American nations at the turn of the century usually stemmed from a. the need to defend these nations against a reassertion of Spanish power. b. the hope that involvement would lead to their outright acquisition by the United States. c. the fact that they were chronically in debt. d. the desire to control the flow of Latin American immigrants into the United States. e. a desire to strengthen Latin American democracy.
c
Anti-imperialists presented all of the following arguments against acquiring the Philippine Islands except that a. it would violate the "consent of the governed" philosophy of the Declaration of Independence. b. despotism abroad might lead to despotism at home. c. the islands were still rightfully Spain's, for they were taken after the armistice had been signed. d. annexation would propel the United States into the political and military cauldron of the Far East. e. the Filipinos wanted freedom, not colonial rule.
c
China's Boxer Rebellion was an attempt to a. overthrow the corrupt Chinese government. b. establish American power in the Far East. c. throw out or kill all foreigners. d. destroy the Open Door policy. e. restore traditional Chinese religion.
c
In his book Our Country: Its Possible Future and Its Present Crisis, the Reverend Josiah Strong advocated American expansion a. based on a powerful new navy. b. to open up new markets for industrial goods. c. to spread American religion and values. d. to ease labor violence at home. e. to maintain white racial superiority.
c
President Grover Cleveland rejected the effort to annex Hawaii because a. the islands were not particularly productive. b. the United States did not have the naval power to protect the islands. c. a majority of native Hawaiians opposed annexation to the United States. d. passage of the McKinley Tariff made Hawaiian sugar unprofitable. e. the U.S. would then have to establish military bases in Hawaii.
c
President McKinley's policy of "benevolent assimilation" in the Philippines a. failed to solve serious sanitation and publichealth problems. b. fell short of providing an effective publicschool system for the Filipinos. c. was not appreciated by the Filipinos. d. worked remarkably well and led to the early granting of the Philippine independence. e. recognized the value of traditional Filipino culture.
c
The "Gentlemen's Agreement" that Teddy Roosevelt worked out with the Japanese a. concluded the Russo-Japanese War. b. helped him to win the 1906 Nobel Peace Prize. c. caused Japan to halt the flow of laborers to America in return for the repeal of a racist school decree by the San Francisco School Board. d. put a stop to the racist "yellow journalism" being practiced in the United States. e. restricted Japanese immigration to upperclass gentlemen.
c
The British gave up their opposition to an American controlled isthmian canal because they a. sold their rights to Philippe Bunau Varilla. b. could see no economic gains in continuing to block canal construction. c. confronted an unfriendly Europe and were bogged down in the Boer War. d. were involved in a war with India. e. accepted American domination of Latin America.
c
The United States' frequent intervention in the affairs of Latin American countries in the early twentieth century a. established political stability in the area. b. was appreciated in the region as an effective cloak of defense against European threats. c. left a legacy of ill will and distrust of the United States throughout Latin America. d. departed from Theodore Roosevelt's big-stick diplomacy. e. was intended to spread democracy to the region.
c
The war fought by American troops in the Philippines against the Filipinos a. was won with fewer casualties than the war in Cuba. b. was remarkable for its lack of atrocities. c. caused the Americans to use reconcentration camps. d. waged in accord with traditional American ideals. e. was highly popular in the United States.
c
Theodore Roosevelt can best be described as a. lacking in self-confidence. b. mentally competent but physically weak. c. energetic and self-righteous. d. a poor politician with a commanding personality. e. a reflective intellectual.
c
To Justify American intervention in the Venezuela boundary dispute with Britain, Secretary of State Olney invoked the a. Platt Amendment. b. Open Door policy. c. Monroe Doctrine. d. Foraker Act. e. Gentlemen's Agreement.
c
When the United States invaded Puerto Rico during the SpanishAmerican War, a. the army encountered stiff resistance from the Spanish. b. the resulting battle ended the war. c. most of the population greeted the invaders as liberating heroes. d. the majority of the fighting occurred in the harbor at San Juan. e. its intentions were to grant Puerto Rican independence.
c
While president, Teddy Roosevelt did all of the following except a. condemn the law and the courts as too slow. b. disregard the checks and balances among the three branches of government. c. refuse to ignore the Constitution, even when tempted to do so. d. argue that the president may take any action in the general interest if it is not expressly forbidden by the law. e. appeal to the people over the head of Congress.
c
All of the following became possessions of the United States under the provisions of the Treaty of Paris except a. Puerto Rico. b. Guam. c. the Philippine Islands. d. Hawaii. e. Manila.
d
Arrange the following events in chronological order: (A) American declaration of war on Spain, (B) sinking of the Maine, (C) passage of the Teller Amendment, (D) passage of the Platt Amendment. a. A,B,D,C b. D,C,B,A c. B,A,D,C d. B,A,C,D e. C,D,A,B
d
As a result of the settlement of the Venezuelan boundary dispute, a. the Monroe Doctrine was weakened. b. Venezuela gained the bulk of the disputed territory. c. British and American relations steadily worsened until World War I. d. Latin American nations were pleased by the determination of the United States to protect them. e. the United States developed respect for Latin American autonomy.
d
As a vicepresidential candidate in 1900, Teddy Roosevelt appealed especially to a. the wealthy. b. easterners. c. conservative Republicans. d. midwesterners. e. former Populists.
d
At the time, the most controversial event associated with the Spanish American War was the a. declaration of war against Spain. b. adoption of the Teller Amendment. c. adoption of the Platt Amendment. d. acquisition of the Philippines. e. acquisition of Puerto Rico.
d
By the 1890s, the United States was bursting with a new sense of power generated by an increase in a. population. b. wealth. c. industrial production. d. all of the above. e. none of the above.
d
Japanese immigrants first entered U.S. territory to work as a. construction workers on the transcontinental railroad. b. "yellow peril" villains in the Hollywood movie industry. c. servants and gardeners for San Francisco's wealthy elite. d. laborers on Hawaii's sugar plantations. e. factory workers in California's canning industry.
d
Teddy Roosevelt promoted the "Bad Neighbor" policy primarily by a. building the Panama Canal. b. making Puerto Rico a U.S. colony. c. involving the United States in the border dispute between Venezuela and Britain. d. adding the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine. e. sending U.S. troops to the Dominican Republic.
d
The U.S. entered the Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty with _____, the Hay-Pauncefote Treaty with____ and the Gentlemen's Agreement with ___. a. Panama; Britain; Britain b. Japan; Britain; Panama c. Britain; Britain; Japan d. Panama; Britain; Japan e. Panama; France; Britain
d
The Venezuela boundary dispute was settled by a. a brief war between Venezuela and British Guiana. b. British concession of the disputed territory to Venezuela. c. stationing United States marines along the disputed border. d. arbitration of the Venezuelan and British claims. e. the mediation of Brazil and Colombia
d
The greatest loss of life for American fighting men during the Spanish-American War resulted from a. naval battles in the Caribbean. b. the war in the Philippines. c. land battles in the Cuban campaign. d. sickness in both Cuba and the United States. e. the bungling of unprofessional military volunteers.
d
The revolution in Panama began when a. the United States invaded the area. b. Colombian troops invaded the isthmus. c. the U.S. Congress rejected a treaty for the sale of Panama to Colombia. d. a Chinese civilian and a donkey were killed. e. a Colombian officer shot several Panamanian civilians.
d
When extended, the Open Door policy called on all big powers, including the United States, to a. recognize Philippine independence at an early date. b. guarantee the independence of Cuba. c. build a Panamanian canal. d. observe the territorial integrity of China. e. pursue further investment in China.
d
A major factor in the shift in American foreign policy toward imperialism in the late nineteenth century was a. the need for additional population. b. the desire for more farmland. c. the construction of an American built isthmian canal between the Atlantic Ocean and Pacific Ocean. d. the closing of the frontier. e. the need for overseas markets for increased industrial and agricultural production.
e
American military strength during the SpanishAmerican War came mainly from a. its large army. b. overwhelming European support. c. battlehardened army generals. d. its efficient logistical support. e. its new steel navy.
e
By acquiring the Philippine Islands at the end of the SpanishAmerican War, the United States a. assumed rule over millions of Asian people. b. became a fullfledged East Asian power. c. assumed commitments that would be difficult to defend. d. developed popular support for a big navy. e. all of the above.
e
Hawaii's Queen Liliuokalani was removed from power because a. she did not allow Christian missionaries in her country. b. many Hawaiians found her rule corrupt. c. Hawaiian agriculture had failed under her leadership. d. President Grover Cleveland believed that U.S. national honor required control of the Hawaiian government. e. she insisted that native Hawaiians should control Hawaii.
e
In an attempt to persuade Spain to leave Cuba or to encourage the United States to help Cuba to gain its independence, Cuban insurrectos a. attacked Spanish shipping. b. blew up the battleship Maine. c. made guerilla raids on Havana. d. assassinated Spanish officials. e. burned the cane fields and sugar mills.
e
In response to the Boxer Rebellion, the United States a. refused to accept any indemnity for the losses that it incurred while putting down this uprising. b. sent more American missionaries to China. c. sent money but no troops to help a multinational contingent to crush the uprising. d. became an East Asian power. e. abandoned its timehonored principles of nonentanglement and noninvolvement.
e
Just before his nomination for vice president on the Republican ticket in 1900, Theodore Roosevelt served as a. assistant secretary of the navy in McKinley's cabinet. b. secretary of war in McKinley's cabinet. c. U.S. senator from New York. d. governor-general of the Philippines. e. governor of New York.
e
Of the following, the individual who had the least enthusiasm for U.S. imperialistic adventures as the nineteenth century ended was a. Theodore Roosevelt. b. William Randolph Hearst. c. Alfred Thayer Mahan. d. William McKinley. e. Grover Cleveland.
e
President McKinley justified American acquisition of the Philippines primarily by emphasizing that a. the Filipinos wanted to be annexed by the United States. b. the electoral success of the Republican party depended on their acquisition. c. the United States would gain key naval bases there. d. the Philippines were spoils of war and America's by right of conquest. e. there was no acceptable alternative to their acquisition.
e
President Roosevelt organized a conference in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, in 1905 to a. extend a grant of independence to the Philippines. b. mediate a conflict between Germany and Spain over North Africa. c. arrange a mutual defense pact with Great Britain. d. establish a colonial office to manage the United States' new empire. e. mediate a conclusion to the Russo-Japanese War.
e
President William McKinley asked Congress to declare war on Spain mainly because the a. business community favored the conflict. b. Spanish government had insulted him. c. justice of obtaining Cuban independence was clear. d. Teller Amendment had been passed. e. American people demanded it.
e
Starting in 1917, many Puerto Ricans came to the mainland United States seeking a. independence. b. political refuge. c. to learn English. d. citizenship. e. employment.
e
Teddy Roosevelt wanted an isthmian canal constructed quickly because a. he feared that the French would build a competing canal. b. it was essential to deploy a two-ocean navy immediately. c. he wished to avoid the onset of a yellow fever epidemic. d. a revolution in Panama was imminent. e. the presidential election of 1904 was approaching.
e
The "Rough Riders," organized principally by Teddy Roosevelt, a. were a well-disciplined fighting force. b. were trained in guerilla warfare. c. managed to take San Juan Hill unassisted. d. consisted primarily of Roosevelt's upperclass friends. e. were commanded by Colonel Leonard Wood.
e
The Colombian Senate rejected the treaty with the United States for a canal because a. a better deal was worked out with the French. b. it did not want a canal through its territory. c. it did not like Teddy Roosevelt. d. it hoped to build the canal itself. e. the United States was not paying the Colombian government enough money.
e
The Philippine insurrection was finally broken in 1901 when a. American troops overwhelmed the Filipino rebels. b. the islands were given their independence. c. the Senate passed a resolution pledging eventual independence for the Philippines. d. the Filipino resistance army splintered. e. Emilio Aguinaldo, the Filipino leader, was captured.
e
The Republicans won the 1900 election mainly because of a. their support of imperialism. b. public opposition to a third term as president for Grover Cleveland. c. their support of freedom abroad. d. Bryan's lackluster campaign. e. the prosperity achieved during McKinley's first term
e
The Roosevelt Corollary added a new provision to the Monroe Doctrine that was specifically designed to a. enable the U.S. to rule Puerto Rico and the Canal Zone. b. stop European colonization in the Western Hemisphere. c. restore cordial relations between the United States and Latin American countries. d. establish a friendly partnership with Britain so that it could join the United States in policing Latin American affairs. e. justify U.S. intervention in the affairs of Latin American countries.
e
The numerous near-wars and diplomatic crises of the United States in the late 1880s and 1890s demonstrated a. the hostile reaction to American expansionism. b. that other nations were jealous of American power. c. how weak America seemed to the rest of the world. d. the failure of the Monroe Doctrine. e. the aggressive new national mood.
e
Theodore Roosevelt became involved in the peace settlement for the Russo-Japanese War a. on his own initiative. b. as a way of enhancing America's position in East Asia. c. when Russia asked for his assistance. d. because he feared that the British might intervene and thus gain prestige. e. when Japan secretly asked him to help.
e
When Filipinos came to the United States, they worked mainly as a. chefs. b. railroad laborers. c. servants in the navy. d. industrial laborers. e. agricultural laborers.
e
