AP U.S. History - Colonies
What is the nickname for Privateers?
"Sea dogs"
What was the name of the 2nd group at Roanoke Island?
"the lost colony"
What was the executive connection between the colonies and the mother country?
(enforce laws) royal governor appointed by the king
What was the judicial connection between the colonies and the mother country?
(interprets laws/punish law breakers) judges appointed by governor and/or legislature
What was the legislative connection between the colonies and the mother country?
(makes laws) House of Burgesses patterned Parliament // paid the royal governor -- depends on colonies' goverment more than mother country's
What is the Headright system?
50 acres of land to anyone who paid passage of an indentured servant
What is the Mayflower Compact?
A document declaring self-government that goes by "majority rules" voting.
What was Maryland's purpose?
A haven for Catholics
What was the Woolen Act?
A part of Navigational Acts; beginning of England over colonies. prohibits colonies from selling certain products to anyone but England. (Colonies were distributing wool while England already had a woolen industry; competitive)
What are political factions?
A sub group of a political group. (New England)
What was the Middle Passage?
African slaves to the West Indies
What increased Indentured Servitude?
Agricultural Revolution (displaced farm workers >> increase in crime rate)
Who is John Rolfe?
Brought tobacco to Virginia, married Pocahontas - daughter of Powhatan chief
What was the only hint left from the 2nd group @ Roanoke Island?
CROATOAN (close by native american groups name)
What is the elect?
Calvinists that are predestined to go to Heaven
What is the reprobate?
Calvinists that are predestined to go to Hell.
Who are the Pilgrims?
Calvinists that were separatists that landed in Plymouth, Massachusetts.
What is joint-stock?
Charter held by business - to make money
Who was Sir Francis Drake?
Circumnavigated the globe, Spanish do not like him and Elizabeth I knighted him.
What was the Molasses Act?
Colonies can trade with other countries through England; price goes up when products are passed; England chose their prices
What are indentured servants?
Criminal or someone in debt pays themselves off by being a servant for a certain amount of years.
Who is Henry VIII?
Did not focus on America, released England from the Roman Catholic Church to divorce and remarry in hopes to have a woman birth a son for him.
Who is Anne Hutchinson?
Dissenter (bible teachings to men); kicked out of Massachusetts; went to Rhode Island with her family.
What was the Dominion of New England?
England unified colonies for more efficient control (very unpopular)
What did the Glorious Revolution?
English government changed; no more Dominion of New England
Who is James Oglethorpe?
Established Georgia
What was the House of Burgesses?
First legislature (makes laws) in America
What was the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut?
First written constitution in America.
Who is Roger Williams?
Founded Rhode Island; dissenter; kicked out of Massachusetts
Who is John Cabot and who was the king during his time?
He claimed America for England and Henry VII
What decreased indentured servants and increase African slaves?
Industrial Revolution (ended Headright System)
What was the Zenger Case?
John Peter Zenger (journalist) sued for libel
What were the 2 methods of classification for English colonies?
Joint stock and proprietary
What was Virginia's classification?
Joint-Stock - Virginia Company
What was the Salem Witch Trials?
Mass hysteria witch hunt (1691)
New England
Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire
Who is King Philip?
Metacom; son of Massasoit, cheif of Wampanoag tribe (New England)
What was the relationship between the Middle colonies and Natives?
Middle colonies bought land from the Natives.
Miles standish, John Alden, Priscilla Mullins
Miles likes Prescilla, sends friend John Alden to propose for him, John Aldens ends up proposing to Priscilla for himself
Who is John Smith?
Military defender in Virginia, helped settlers survive through "starving time"
What did North Carolina have?
Naval stores - sold tar and pitch for ships (usually went to Massachusetts)
Middle
New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware
Deep South
North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia
What was the first settlement in Pennsylvania?
Philadelphia
What are Privateers?
Pirates for the English government
What was the society of the Middle colonies?
Quakers, "Holy Experiment" (Pennsylvania) Very diverse
Who is Elizabeth I?
Queen of England in the 1580's. "Virgin Queen"
What was the reasoning for the Middle colonies?
Religious communities (Quakers and the Holy Experiment); Dutch trade (proprietary - king allots colonies to people)
What are the Blue Laws?
Restrict activities on Sunday
What was South Carolina's cash-crop?
Rice and indigo
What was the government in New England?
Royal governor and town meetings
What was the Stono Rebellion?
Slave rebellion in South Carolina
What was the result of the Navigational Acts?
Smuggling. South was affected the most -- middle colonies aren't affected; they trade food, food doesn't have restrictions.
What was Georgia's purpose?
Split between Spain and English colonies
Who saved the pilgrims during their Starving Time?
Squanto; a part of the Patuxet tribe.
What did Jonathan Edwards do?
Started the Great awakening with his Hell fire & damnation service bc of a group of boys who were caught looking at pornographic images (preached @ them) ; revived religion
What is a Grass Roots movement?
Starts with the people - not the government.
Who is John Winthrop?
The first governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony
What did the charter guarantee?
The rights of Englishmen
What was the colonial trade known as?
Triangular Trade
Chesapeake
Virginia, Maryland
What was the Triangular Trade?
West Indies (sugar & molasses) >> New England (Rum) >> Africa (Slaves) >> West Indies
Who is William Penn?
William Penn was given Pennsylvania by the king (proprietary)
What was the Glorious Revolution?
William and Mary became rulers of England; signed English Bill of Rights
What were the results of the Stono Rebellion?
a lot of restrictions for slaves
What was the economy of the Middle colonies based off of?
banking; merchant shipping, grain, diverse farming
What did the Zenger Case do?
became landmark case in freedom of the press
What is salutary neglect?
beneficial lack of attention - Britain's policy towards colonies (1607-1763)
What was the youths role in the colonies?
big part of pop. bc life span is low -- enthusiastic, optimistic, new ideas, challenge authority -- "American" (new nationality)
What was the economic exchange between the colonies and England?
colonies sent raw materials to England, English made the finished products and sent it back to the colonies for sale
What was the Southern colonies relationship with the Natives?
conflict with Powhatan Indians - tobacco cash-crop demanded more land.
What was American Society like by 1750?
diverse -- English 49%, Africans 19%
What did the Middle Colonies religious freedom cause?
diversity -- melting pot & cosmopolitan -- comfortable with tolerance
What is Mercantilism?
economic theory that encouraged colonization to benefit the mother country
What is antinomianism?
elect did not follow any law other than his/her own sense of morality; right or wrong (Anne Hutchinsons defense)
What was John Zenger's defense?
everything he wrote was the truth; in order to accuse someone of libel, need to prove malice (intention to hurt)
What is favorable balance of trade?
exports are greater than imports (helped mercantilism)
what is subsistence farming?
farming for the family (New England)
What was the economy based off of in New England?
fishing, rum, ship building
Who are the Puritans?
followers of John Calvin (Calvinism); purify the church.
Bacon's Rebellion
former indentured servant upset with gap between rich and poor. Nathaniel Bacon vs. Governor William Berkeley
Who is Sir Walter Raleigh?
founded Roanoke Island (failed) 1585
What was Nathaniel Bacon's side made up of in Bacon's Rebellion?
frontiersmen, unemployed, landless white, free blacks, and slaves.
What is dissent?
going against the norm. of an accepted part of life.
What did the Half-way Covenant do?
increased church member ship and decreased religious ferver (amount of religious emphasis)
How did they control Bacon's Rebellion?
indentured servants have "the rights of Englishmen" and african slaves did not, diminished the unity between the two groups (decrease in rebellion strength)
What did the Great Awakening do?
it was the first "grass roots" movement in America; helps revolution come so quickly (acceptance of ideas from other colonies)
What was the reality of the colonies salutary neglect?
led to self government in each of the 13 colonies // colonies were a part of British empire but no political connections
Who is John White?
left 2nd group @ Roanoke Island to get provisions, comes back in 1590 bc of Spanish Armada - no trace of settlers.
What is libel?
lied in print
What is passive slave resistance?
not working as hard as possible; not setting the bar high for themselves
What was the Navigational Acts?
passed by Parliament to put mercantile theory into practice
What was society like in the Southern colonies?
plantation-centured; forced-labor society. big gap between rich and poor
What were the causes of the Stono Rebellion?
promise of freedom in Spanish Florida; Security Act
What is the English Bill of Rights?
protects people's rights against powers of government; a part of colonist's charter -- "the rights of Englishmen"
Maryland Toleration Act
religious acceptance to all Christians
What was the purpose of New England colonies?
religious freedom for persecuted or idealistic groups; Pilgrims and Puritans.
What was the Great Awakening?
religious revival started by a priest, Jonathan Edwards, in Massachusetts
What was the purpose of Rhode Island?
religious tolerance for those that did not fit in; dissenters
What was the Security Act?
required white men to take weapons with them to church (Sundays were free relaxation day for slaves; chances of rebellion)
What was the government in the Southern colonies?
royal governor & House of Burgesses
What was the government of the Middle colonies?
royal governors and colonial assemblies
What was individual slave resistance?
runaways -- if they ran to Florida they could be free and could possibly get land (Spanish offering)
What are brides?
single women of child bearing age get free passage to colonies
What was Virginia's cash-crop?
tobacco
What was the New England Confederation?
union for defense (died out)
What was King Philip's war?
war caused by land being taken from Natives and Natives killing English people and Christian-Native informer.
Who is Henry Wodsworth Longfellow?
wrote "The Courtship of Miles Standish"
What were most people in the Southern colonies?
yeoman farmers
What was the Half-way Covenant?
you can join the Puritan church with out complete faith
