AP World Chapter 16

What event sparked the Great (Sepoy) Rebellion of 1857

A rumor about how the cartridges in the soldiers' new rifles were greased with pig and cow fat, against the Muslim and Indian traditions forbidding eating pork

What did Marx and Engels believe would be the outcome of the conflict between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat

A victory by the proletariat would result in the destruction of capitalism, the end of private property, and the eventual withering away of the state

How would life in Fourier's phalanx qualify as a reform of Restoration Europe's economic order

All members would work at different activities for short periods of time

Why did Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels call their theories "scientific" socialism

B/c their arguments were rooted in a materialist view of history

The Shawnee prophet Tenskwatawa was similar to Hong Xiuquan in which of the following ways

Both had religious visions and embraced a strict moral code.

In what way did the Mayans who followed José María Barrera resemble the Chinese who followed Hong in the Taiping Rebellion

Both the Mayans and the Chinese followed visionaries who formed alternative religions that combined Christian beliefs, symbols, and rituals with traditional beliefs and legends (syncretic religions).

In Restoration-period Europe, what was a goal of liberal thinkers

Continuing to pursue political reforms without attempting economic reform

The leaders of eighteenth and nineteenth-century Islamic revitalization movements sought to reestablish the glory of Islam through which practice

Creating full-scale theocracies (such as Wahhabism).

What device was used by Mexicans to lure Mayans into plantation labor

Debt peonage - giving small cash advances to Indian families, which obligated fathers to work for meager wages to pay off the debt

Who supported Usman dan Fodio's revolt against the Hausa city-states

Fulani tribes people

Why did Charles Fourier consign yucky jobs such as cleaning latrines to adolescents

He argued that adolescents liked mucking around in filth

How did the British change their approach to ruling India after 1857

India came under the British crown's direct rule

How did the status of Islam in West Africa change after the establishment of the Sokoto caliphate

It changed from a minority religion to the majority religion in the region.

What was one of the reasons for the collapse of the Taiping Rebellion

It failed to attract the support from the landed gentry and other elites

Hong Xiuquan believed that he was

Jesus' younger brother sent to rid the world of all its evil

Why did small-scale settlements in southern Africa give way to larger states during the early nineteenth century

Larger states were better equipped to compete for limited land and resources

What groups were most attracted to Wahhabi Islam and Wahhabism was a direct threat to whose political power

Local Muslim inhabitants, who felt threatened by the new commercial activities and fresh intellectual currents. This directly threatened the Ottoman hold on the Arabian Peninsula

What change did the British East India Company make in its approach to ruling India during the 1840s

Lord Dalhousie, the new governor-general, began annexing more land and stripping native aristocrats of their privileges.

Prior to the mid-nineteenth century, how did the Mayan experience of colonial rule differ from that of other indigenous Mexican peoples

Many escaped forced recruitment for silver mines and sugar plantations, but some were drawn into dye and food production. The Yucatan Peninsula was mainly left alone due to lack of precious metals and fertile land.

The Taiping Rebellion was a nineteenth-century example of what Chinese tradition

Millenarian peasant revolts

What were the sharp contrasts between millenarian revolts such as the Taiping Rebellion and orthodox institutions

Millenarian revolts had women in leadership roles

Why did American officials fear Tecumseh's message even more than his brother's

Officials feared that Christians would begin to convert to the visionary future preached by Tecumseh and Tenskwatawa.

During the early nineteenth century, what events led to a crisis in southern Africa

Overpopulation that strained the regions resource base.

In what way did the peasants show their divergence from the Indian elite in the Great (Sepoy) Rebellion of 1857

Peasants attacked both Indian and British people and places that represented their oppression

The impetus (AP vocabulary!) of Mohammad Ibn al-Wahhab's Islamic reform movement was a reaction to what things

Polytheistic beliefs taking root among muslims, as well as the general degradation of islam.

On what idea(s) could disparate groups of radicals agree

Popular sovereignty

What contributed to social and political instability in both China and Africa

Pressure from a growing population

How did the actions of rebels and dissidents in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries reflect their dislike of capitalism and colonialism

Some rebels and dissidents called for the revitalization of traditional religions, still others imagined a society where there was no private property and where people shared goods equally.

What was required of Shawnee culture if they were to be able to cooperate with U.S. government officials

That men stop hunting and begin to farm, which was typically a Shawnee woman's job

What characterized the British counterinsurgency effort in India

The British responded brutally; villages were destroyed and leaders were tied to cannons and blown apart.

How did the outcome of the War of 1812 hasten the ethnic cleansing of Native Americans east of the Mississippi

The British withdrew support and left the Native Americans south of the Great Lakes to fend for themselves against land-hungry American settlers and the armies of the United States

Why is the nineteenth-century principles of government by and for property-holding citizens derived from the revolutions of the late eighteenth century

The ideals of the French and American revolutions in politics now provided the dominant answers to age old questions of who should govern and how.

From which groups did European nationalist movements draw their greatest number of supporters

The liberal aristocracy and the commercial middle class

Both Usman dan Fodio and Muhammad Ibn abd al-Wahhab drew on what inspirations for Islamic reform

The life of Muhammad and early religious traditions

In what way did nineteenth-century nationalist goals prove destructive in the twentieth century

The nationalist goals of different groups proved incompatible with one another

The goals of European reactionaries during the Restoration period

The rejection of change

What were common factors in the Shawnee, Maya, and Indian rebellions against colonial control

The use of prophecy and charismatic leadership

Similarity between the goals of Hong, the leaders of the Islamic revitalization movements, and Shaka

They all believed that lack of harmony was caused by foreign rule

In ways did the Zuku leader, Shaka, resemble Mongol leaders

They both had the ability to incorporate defeated communities into the state, producing a stronger state

How did nationalist thinkers define "the nation"

They defined it in terms of a common language, culture, and history

What did the groups that led the 1848 revolutions in Europe have in common

They shared a desire for independent nations and to overthrow the existing elites

What was a goal of the Mayans in the Yucatan peninsula when they revolted against the Mexican government in 1847

To gain political equality with whites, and also eliminate the caste system that placed Indians at the bottom and placed special taxes on them.

What was called for in the People's Charter

Universal suffrage for all adult males, the secret ballot, equal electoral districts, and annual parliamentary elections

Why were women especially drawn to Fourier's proposed reforms

Women were used to be able to address the social problems of poverty, prostitution, and exploitation of workers